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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Diet, Prey Selection and Biomass Consumption of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Algeria

Fig. 2. Monthly variation of the biomass of consumed fish by the great cormorant in Beni Haroun Dam Lake in Algeria.

Figure 2 in Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan

Figure 2. Microphotographs of hair scale pattern of Cape hare (Lepus capensis): a) reference hair (10 × 100×); b) hair found in scat sample (10 × 100×).

Figure 4 in Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan

Figure 4. Microphotographs of hair scale pattern of palm civet (Paguma larvata): a) reference hair (10 × 100×); b) hair found in scat sample (10 × 100×).

Figure 3 in Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan

Figure 3. Microphotographs of hair scale pattern of markhor (Capra falconeri): a) reference hair (10 × 40×); b) hair found in scat sample (10 × 40×).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

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Fig. 1 in Diet, Prey Selection and Biomass Consumption of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Algeria

Fig. 1. Geographical location of Beni-Haroun Dam Lake in Algeria.

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Figure 1 in Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan

Figure 1. Location of study area in Chitral District, Pakistan.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Diet quality impairs male and female reproductive performance and affects the opportunity for selection in an insect model

Environmental factors can have profound effects on the strength and direction of selection and recent studies suggest that such environment-dependent selection can be sex-specific. Sexual selection theory predicts that male fitness is more condition dependent compared to female fitness, suggesting that male fitness is more sensitive to environmental stress. However, our knowledge about the effect of environmental factors on sex-specific reproductive performance and on sex differences in the opportunity for selection is still very limited. In the present study, we investigated the sex-specific effects of diet quality (yeast deprivation and flour type) in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Specifically, we manipulated yeast supplementation in wheat and whole-wheat flour in competition assays allowing to test for sex-specific effects of food quality (i) on reproductive success and (ii) on the opportunity for selection. Our data show that yeast deprivation in wheat flour had significantly negative effects on body mass and reproductive success of both sexes, while high quality flour (whole-wheat flour) was able to buffer the negative impact to a large extent. Importantly, our data suggest no sex-specific effect of dietary stress on reproductive success because the magnitude of the negative effect of yeast deprivation was similar for males and females. Moreover, our study demonstrates that low food quality inflated the opportunity for selection and did not differ between sexes neither under benign nor stressful dietary conditions. We discuss the implications of our findings for the adaptation to stressful environments.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Diet composition and selection of Père David's deer in Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve, China

Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve is an ideal place to restore the wild population of Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Understanding foraging ecology and diet composition is essential for assessing population development or establishing long-term effective conservation measures for endangered species. However, little is known about the diet composition of Père David's deer and its diet selection mechanism. In this study, we used stable isotope technology to investigate the diet composition of Père David's deer according to various tissues (i.e., fur, muscle, liver, heart, and feces) and seasons, and evaluated the correlation between the nutrient composition of plants and diet composition. Bayesian isotope analysis showed that the autumn and winter diet estimated by fur and fecal samples indicated a diet dominated by C3 grasses (42.7 to 57.2%, mean), while the summer diet estimated by muscle and liver samples was dominated by C3 forbs (30.9 to 41.6%, mean). The Pearson correlation test indicated that the contribution of winter diet composition reflected by fur and fecal samples was associated with correlations with crude protein (r = 0.666, P < 0.01) and soluble sugars (r = 0.695, P < 0.01). The results indicated that crude protein and soluble sugars were important factors influencing the winter diet selection of Père David's deer. In the context of the current reintroduction facing many challenges, such as habitat fragmentation, wetland degradation, and human disturbance, comprehensively evaluating the diet selection mechanism of Père David's deer under different resource specificities and temporal changes should be considered in the future.

publicNov 2022View details →

Diet quality impairs male and female reproductive performance and affects the opportunity for selection in an insect model

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publicDec 2025View details →

Data from: Delineating seasonal shifts in Reindeer habitat and diet selection by integrating GPS telemetry and stable Isotope analysis

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publicJun 2021View details →

Data from: Diet of a rare herbivore based on DNA metabarcoding of feces: selection, seasonality, and survival

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publicNov 2024View details →

Picky eaters: selective microbial diet of avian ectosymbionts

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publicJan 2023View details →

Diet composition and selection of Père David's deer in Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve, China

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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Determining diet from faeces: selection of metabarcoding primers for the insectivore Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)

Molecular techniques allow non-invasive dietary studies from faeces, providing an invaluable tool to unveil ecological requirements of endangered or elusive species. They contribute to progress on important issues such as genomics, population genetics, dietary studies or reproductive analyses, essential knowledge for conservation biology. Nevertheless, these techniques require general methods to be tailored to the specific research objectives, as well as to substrate- and species-specific constraints. In this pilot study we test a range of available primers to optimise diet analysis from metabarcoding of faeces of a generalist aquatic insectivore, the endangered Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus, É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1811, Talpidae), as a step to improve the knowledge of the conservation biology of this species. Twenty-four faeces were collected in the field, DNA was extracted from them, and fragments of the standard barcode region (COI) were PCR amplified by using five primer sets (Brandon-Mong, Gillet, Leray, Meusnier and Zeale). PCR outputs were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform, sequences were processed, clustered into OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) using UPARSE algorithm and BLASTed against the NCBI database. Although all primer sets successfully amplified their target fragments, they differed considerably in the amounts of sequence reads, rough OTUs, and taxonomically assigned OTUs. Primer sets consistently identified a few abundant prey taxa, probably representing the staple food of the Pyrenean desman. However, they differed in the less common prey groups. Overall, the combination of Gillet and Zeale primer sets were most cost-effective to identify the widest taxonomic range of prey as well as the desman itself, which could be further improved stepwise by adding sequentially the outputs of Leray, Brandon-Mong and Meusnier primers. These results are relevant for the conservation biology of this endangered species as they allow a better characterization of its food and habitat requirements.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Extreme precipitation variability, forage quality and large herbivore diet selection in arid environments

Nutritional ecology forms the interface between environmental variability and large herbivore behaviour, life history characteristics, and population dynamics. Forage conditions in arid and semi-arid regions are driven by unpredictable spatial and temporal patterns in rainfall. Diet selection by herbivores should be directed towards overcoming the most pressing nutritional limitation (i.e. energy, protein [nitrogen, N], moisture) within the constraints imposed by temporal and spatial variability in forage conditions. We investigated the influence of precipitation-induced shifts in forage nutritional quality and subsequent large herbivore responses across widely varying precipitation conditions in an arid environment. Specifically, we assessed seasonal changes in diet breadth and forage selection of adult female desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis mexicana in relation to potential nutritional limitations in forage N, moisture and energy content (as proxied by dry matter digestibility, DMD). Succulents were consistently high in moisture but low in N and grasses were low in N and moisture until the wet period. Nitrogen and moisture content of shrubs and forbs varied among seasons and climatic periods, whereas trees had consistently high N and moderate moisture levels. Shrubs, trees and succulents composed most of the seasonal sheep diets but had little variation in DMD. Across all seasons during drought and during summer with average precipitation, forages selected by sheep were higher in N and moisture than that of available forage. Differences in DMD between sheep diets and available forage were minor. Diet breadth was lowest during drought and increased with precipitation, reflecting a reliance on few key forage species during drought. Overall, forage selection was more strongly associated with N and moisture content than energy content. Our study demonstrates that unlike north-temperate ungulates which are generally reported to be energy-limited, N and moisture may be more nutritionally limiting for desert ungulates than digestible energy.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Improving PCR detection of prey in molecular diet studies: importance of group-specific primer set selection and extraction protocol performances

While morphological identification of prey remains in feces of predators is the method most commonly used to study trophic interactions, many studies indicate that this method does not detect all consumed prey. Polymerase Chain Reaction based methods are increasingly used to detect prey DNA in the predator food bolus and have proved themselves efficient, with high accuracy. When studying complex diet samples, the extraction of total DNA is a critical step, as PCR inhibitors may be co-extracted. Another critical step consist in carefully select suitable group-specific primer sets that should only amplify prey DNA from the targeted taxon. In this study, the food boluses of five Rattus rattus and seven Rattus exulans were analyzed using both morphological and molecular methods. We tested a panel of 30 PCR specific primer sets targeting Bird, Invertebrate and Plant sequences and four were finally selected to be use as group-specific primer pairs in PCR protocols. The performances of four DNA extraction protocols (QIAamp DNA stool mini kit, DNeasy mericon food kit and two CTAB-based methods) were compared using four variables: DNA concentration, A260/A280 absorbance ratio, food compartment analyzed (stomach or fecal contents), total number of prey specific PCR amplification per sample. Our results clearly indicate that the A260/A280 absorbance ratio, which varies between extraction protocols, is positively correlated to the number of PCR amplifications of each prey taxon. We recommend using the DNeasy mericon food kit (Qiagen), which yielded results very similar to those achieved with the morphological approach.

ClinicalTrials.gov32/100

Cut Down on Carbohydrate Usage in the Diet of Type 2 Diabetes - Mechanisms of Effective Therapy of Diabetes by Selective Choice of Macronutrients - The Phenotype Study

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02472951. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov32/100

Select Nutrient and Gene Variant Analysis in a Targeted Diet and Lifestyle Intervention Reduces Preterm Birth

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05436119. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →