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8 results for “dimorphic flowers”
Sexual dimorphism in specialist pollinated dioecious species with complex flowers
<div> Premise <p>Pollinators with flower constancy and long nectar-feeding organs should favour less or no sexual dimorphism in the individual flowers of dioecious plants. This hypothesis is deduced because such pollinators can discriminate between intersexual flower size differences, and morphological differences between male and female flowers often diminish pollen transfer.</p> Methods <p>We compared floral traits and pollinator behaviour between sexes in the hawkmoth-pollinated species, <em>Trichosanthes cucumeroides</em>. We focused on the roles of elaborate petal fringes in pollinator attraction and pollination success of female and male flowers by conducting field pollinator observations and fringe removal experiments.</p> Results <p>Female flowers had a similar front flower size and fringe extension as male flowers, supporting our hypothesis. In contrast, females allocated fewer resources to floral biomass. Additionally, they had smaller and narrower petal lobes, lower fringe density, shorter tubes with inferior nectar rewards, and lower display size than males, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis. Nocturnal hawkmoths prefer flowers with long fringe extensions. Fringe removal significantly decreased hawkmoth visitations to both female and male flowers but reduced success only in females. A literature survey indicated that specialist-pollinated species tend to exhibit similar or larger female attraction to floral organs more frequently than generalist-pollinated species.</p> Conclusions <p>Female flowers have evolved similar fringe extensions to male flowers, likely increasing pollinator attraction even slightly, and exhibited lower biomass of other floral parts and nectar production than male flowers. Our findings imply that female-biased resource limitation and flower-size-sensitive pollinators together exert sex-specific selection of floral traits in<em> T. cucumeroides</em>.</p> </div>
Simulation codes for the transition from monomorphism to dimorphism in mirror-image flowers
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Sexual dimorphism in specialist pollinated dioecious species with complex flowers
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FIGURE 1. Pleroma ceciliana A. Flower showing dimorphic stamens and immature fruits. B in A new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae, Melastomeae) from southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Pleroma ceciliana A. Flower showing dimorphic stamens and immature fruits. B. Branches showing leaves. Photos by T.P. Souza.
FIGURE 1. Meriania juan-canoi. A. Terminal branch with inflorescence. B. Flower buds. C. Calyptra opening irregularly. D in A new species of Meriania of the Brachycera group (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) with dimorphic stamens
FIGURE 1. Meriania juan-canoi. A. Terminal branch with inflorescence. B. Flower buds. C. Calyptra opening irregularly. D. Flower at anthesis. E. Longitudinal section of the flower. F. Petal. G. Ovary. H. Longitudinal section of the ovary. I. Antesepalous stamens. J. Antepetalous stamens. K. Fruits. L. Seeds. All drawn from the holotype.
Stamen dimorphism in bird-pollinated flowers – investigating alternative hypotheses on the evolution of heteranthery
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Data from: Sexual, fecundity, and viability selection on flower size and number in a sexually dimorphic plant
The evolution of sexual dimorphism will depend on how sexual, fecundity and viability selection act within each sex, with the different forms of selection potentially operating in opposing directions. We examined selection in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia using planted arrays of selection lines that differed in flower size (small vs. large). In this species a flower size/number tradeoff exists within each sex, and males produce smaller and more numerous flowers than females. Moreover, floral traits are genetically correlated with leaf physiology. Sexual selection favoring males in the small-flower line occurred via greater overlap in the timing of flower output between males from this line and females. Fecundity selection favored males with high flower production, as siring success was proportionate to pollen production. Viability selection opposed sexual selection, favoring males from the large-flower line. In females, fecundity and viability selection operated in the same direction, favoring those from the large-flower line via greater seed production and survival. These results concur with the pattern of floral sexual dimorphism. Together with previous results they suggest that the outcome of the different forms of selection will be environmentally dependent, and therefore help to explain variation among populations in sexually dimorphic traits.
Data from: Sexual, fecundity, and viability selection on flower size and number in a sexually dimorphic plant
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.