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15 results for “dioecy”
Data from: Dioecy and chromosomal sex determination are maintained through allopolyploid speciation in the plant genus Mercurialis
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Data from: Recent Y chromosome divergence despite ancient origin of dioecy in poplars (Populus)
All species of the genus Populus (poplar, aspen) are dioecious, suggesting an ancient origin of this trait. Despite some empirical counter examples, theory suggests that nonrecombining sex-linked regions should quickly spread, eventually becoming heteromorphic chromosomes. In contrast, we show using whole-genome scans that the sex-associated region in Populus trichocarpa is small and much younger than the age of the genus. This indicates that sex determination is highly labile in poplar, consistent with recent evidence of 'turnover' of sex-determination regions in animals. We performed whole-genome resequencing of 52 P. trichocarpa (black cottonwood) and 34 Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar) individuals of known sex. Genomewide association studies in these unstructured populations identified 650 SNPs significantly associated with sex. We estimate the size of the sex-linked region to be ~100 kbp. All SNPs significantly associated with sex were in strong linkage disequilibrium despite the fact that they were mapped to six different chromosomes (plus 3 unmapped scaffolds) in version 2.2 of the reference genome. We show that this is likely due to genome misassembly. The segregation pattern of sex-associated SNPs revealed this to be an XY sex-determining system. Estimated divergence times of X and Y haplotype sequences (6–7 Ma) are much more recent than the divergence of P. trichocarpa (poplar) and Populus tremuloides (aspen). Consistent with this, in P. tremuloides, we found no XY haplotype divergence within the P. trichocarpa sex-determining region. These two species therefore have a different genomic architecture of sex, suggestive of at least one turnover event in the recent past.
Supplemental appendices: Bursts of rapid diversification, multiple dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolution of Asparagus
<p>Supplemental datasets for manuscript titled "Bursts of rapid diversification, multiple dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolution of Asparagus"</p>
Data from: Recurrent evolution of dioecy in bryophytes
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Data from: Recent Y chromosome divergence despite ancient origin of dioecy in poplars (Populus)
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Data from: Where do monomorphic sexual systems fit in the evolution of dioecy? Insights from the largest family of angiosperms
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Data from: Dioecy does not consistently accelerate or slow lineage diversification across multiple genera of angiosperms
Dioecy, the sexual system in which male and female organs are found in separate individuals, allows greater specialization for sex-specific functions and can be advantageous under various ecological and environmental conditions. However, dioecy is rare among flowering plants. Previous studies identified contradictory trends regarding the relative diversification rates of dioecious lineages vs their nondioecious counterparts, depending on the methods and data used. We gathered detailed species-level data for dozens of genera that contain both dioecious and nondioecious species. We then applied a probabilistic approach that accounts for differential speciation, extinction, and transition rates between states to examine whether there is an association between dioecy and lineage diversification. We found a bimodal distribution, whereby dioecious lineages exhibited higher diversification in certain genera but lower diversification in others. Additional analyses did not uncover an ecological or life history trait that could explain a context-dependent effect of dioecy on diversification. Furthermore, in-depth simulations of neutral characters demonstrated that such bimodality is also found when simulating neutral characters across the observed trees. Our analyses suggest that – at least for these genera with the currently available data – dioecy neither consistently places a strong brake on diversification nor is a strong driver.
Data from: Repeated Evolution of Dioecy from Monoecy in Siparunaceae (Laurales)
Siparunaceae comprise Glossocalyx with one species in West Africa and Siparuna with 65 species in the neotropics; all have unisexual flowers, and 15 species are monoecious, 50 dioecious. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of combined nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences yielded almost identical topologies, which were used to trace the evolution of the two sexual systems. The African species, which is dioecious, was sister to all neotropical species, and the monoecious species formed a grade basal to a large dioecious Andean clade. Dioecy evolved a second time within the monoecious grade. Geographical mapping of 6,496 herbarium collections from all species sorted by sexual system showed that monoecy is confined to low-lying areas (altitude < 700 m) in the Amazon basin and southern Central America. The only morphological trait with a strong phylogenetic signal is leaf margin shape (entire or toothed), although this character also correlates with altitude, probably reflecting selection on leaf shapes by temperature and rainfall regimes. The data do not reject the molecular clock, and branch lengths suggest that the shift to dioecy in the lowlands occurred many million years after the shift to dioecy in the ancestor of the Andean clade.
Data from: Retrotransposon proliferation coincident with the evolution of dioecy in asparagus
Current phylogenetic sampling reveals that dioecy and an XY sex chromosome pair evolved once or possibly twice in the genus Asparagus. Although there appear to be some lineage-specific polyploidization events, the base chromosome number of 2n=2x=20 is relatively conserved across the Asparagus genus. Regardless, dioecious species tend to have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Here we test whether this genome size expansion in dioecious species is related to a polyploidization and subsequent chromosome fusion or retrotransposon proliferation in dioecious species. We first estimate genome sizes or use published values for four hermaphrodites and four dioecious species distributed across the phylogeny and show that dioecious species typically have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Utilizing a phylogenomic approach we find no evidence for ancient polyploidization contributing to increased genome sizes of sampled dioecious species. We do find support for an ancient whole genome duplication event predating the diversification of the Asparagus genus. Repetitive DNA content of the four hermaphroditic and four dioecious species was characterized based on randomly sampled whole genome shotgun sequencing and common elements were annotated. Across our broad phylogenetic sampling, Ty-1 Copia retroelements in particular have undergone a marked proliferation in dioecious species. In the absence of a detectable whole genome duplication event, retrotransposon proliferation is the most likely explanation for the precipitous increase in genome size in dioecious Asparagus species.
Data from: Retrotransposon proliferation coincident with the evolution of dioecy in asparagus
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Data from: Repeated Evolution of Dioecy from Monoecy in Siparunaceae (Laurales)
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Data from: Dioecy does not consistently accelerate or slow lineage diversification across multiple genera of angiosperms
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Bursts of rapid diversification, multiple dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolutionary history of Asparagus
<p>Dataset and result files from phylogenomic analysis and ancestral biogeography estimation across the genus <em>Asparagus</em> using the Asparagaceae1726 bait set. </p> <p>Contents of this version replaces Quartet_Sampling.zip in the previous version.</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Quartet_Sampling_FINAL.zip = input dataset and final results from Quartet Sampling (i.e., 1000 quartet replicates sampled per node) </li> </ul>
Data from: Low siring success of females with an acquired male function illustrates the legacy of sexual dimorphism in constraining the breakdown of dioecy
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Data from: Dioecy, more than monoecy, affects plant spatial genetic structure: the case study of Ficus
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