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32 results for “directed dispersal”
Seed dispersal data for Warneke et al "Habitat fragmentation alters the distance of abiotic seed dispersal through edge effects and direction of dispersal"
This csv file contains seed dispersal data for five species (Carphephorus bellidifolius, Aristida beyrichiana, Liatris squarrulosa, Sorghastrum secundum, and Anthenantia villosa). Data were collected at the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina, United States. Data were collected between November 17, 2009, to January 22, 2010 and were collected using the methods outlined in this document.
Fig. 4 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 4. Flight behavior of Scirtothrips dorsalis during the day. Mean hourly captures of adults at (A) greenhouse and (B) field sites of TREC and MREC by the time sampled and cumulative degree-hours. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between test locations at a given time based on a t-test at P ≤ 0.05.
Fig. 2 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 2. Population estimates and dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis to 2 hosts at TREC, 19 Jul to 27 Sep 2007. (A) Mean weekly numbers of nymphs and pupae found on buttonwood foliage. (B) Mean weekly numbers of adults washed from plant terminals with data from buttonwood and schefflera pooled. (C) Mean weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps behind buttonwood and schefflera plants. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference from the other weeks according to 1-way ANOVAs and t-test comparisons at P ≤ 0.05. Mean weekly temperatures (T °C) and relative humidity (RH %) for the 3 mo period are shown parallel to the X-axis (FAWN 2007).
Fig. 1 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 1. Experimental setups. (A) Population estimates and dispersal from rose to buttonwood and schefflera. Darkest grey represents rose, whereas the 2 lighter grey shades represent buttonwood or schefflera with the same shade of grey representing the same plant species. (B) Flight behavior during the day. Circles represent potted rose plants in 11 L containers. Small black rectangles denote locations of yellow sticky-card traps relative to each plot.
Fig. 3 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 3. Population estimates and dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis to 2 hosts: cumulative data for the 11 wk test period. (A) Mean damage ratings on a scale of 0 to 5. (B) On-plant densities of S. dorsalis. (C) Weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps. (D) Weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps by cardinal direction of traps from plants. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 (A–C) between host plant species according to t-tests or (D) from the other host plant pairs at other cardinal orientations based on a 1-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey–Kramer HSD test.
Directed endozoochorous dispersal by scavengers facilitate sexual reproduction in otherwise clonal plants at cadaver sites
<ol> <li>The regeneration niche of many plant species involves spatially and temporally unpredictable disturbances, called recruitment windows of opportunity. However, even species with clear dispersal adaptations such as fleshy berries may not successfully reach such elusive regeneration microsites. Ericaceous, berry-producing species in the northern hemisphere demonstrate this dispersal limitation. They are said to display a reproductive paradox owing to their lack of regeneration in apparently suitable microsites despite considerable investment in producing large quantities of berries.</li> <li>Cadavers generate vegetation-denuded and nutrient-rich disturbances termed cadaver decomposition islands. Cadavers attract facultative scavengers with considerable capacity for endozoochorous seed dispersal. We hypothesize that cadaver decomposition islands facilitate recruitment in berry-producing ericaceous species due to endozoochorous dispersal directed towards favorable microsites with low competition.</li> <li>We examined seedling establishment within a permanent, semi-regular 10 × 10 m grid across an ungulate mass die-off on the Hardangervidda plateau in southeastern Norway. Competing models regarding the relative importance of factors governing recruitment were evaluated, specifically cadaver location (elevated seed rain) and microsite conditions (competition).</li> <li>We found that cadaver decomposition islands did facilitate seedling establishment, as cadaver density was the best predictor of seedling distribution. Other important factors governing seedling establishment such as percentage cover of soil and vascular plants alone were inadequate to explain seedling establishment.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis:</i> This study provides a novel understanding of sexual reproduction in species with cryptic generative reproduction. The directed nature of endozoochorous dispersal combined with long-distance dispersal abilities of medium to large vertebrate scavengers towards cadavers allows plants to exploit the advantageous but ephemeral resource provided by cadaver decomposition islands.</li> </ol>
Evaluation of seed-dispersal services by ants at a temperate pasture: Results of direct observations in an ant suppression experiment
<p><em>Ant dispersal</em></p> <p>Ants disperse seeds of many plant species adapted to myrmecochory. While advantages of this ant–plant mutualism for myrmecochorous plants (myrmecochores) have been previously studied in temperate region mostly in forests, our study system was a pasture. Moreover, we used a unique combination of observing the effect of ant‐activity suppression on ant dispersal and comparison of the contribution of ant and unassisted dispersal to the distance from mother plant. We established plots without and with ant‐activity suppression (enclosures). We offered diaspores of a myrmecochorous (<em>Knautia arvensis</em>), and a non‐myrmecochorous (<em>Plantago lanceolata</em>) species in a choice test and followed ants carrying diaspores during days and nights (focus of previous studies was on diurnal dispersal). We measured frequency and distances of ant dispersal and compared them with unassisted dispersal recorded using sticky trap method. The dispersal frequency was lower in enclosures (3.16 times). Ants strongly preferred diaspores of the myrmecochore to non‐myrmecochore with 586 and 42 dispersal events, respectively (out of 6400 diaspores of each species offered). Ant dispersal resulted in more even and on average longer distances (maximum almost tenfold longer, 994 cm) in comparison to unassisted dispersal. Ant dispersal altered the distribution of distances of the myrmecochore from roughly symmetric for unassisted dispersal to positively skewed. Ants dispersed heavier diaspores farther. Ants dropped the majority of diaspores during the dispersal (which reduces clustering of seeds), while several (11%) were carried into anthills. Anthills are disturbed microsites presumably favorable for germination in competitive habitats. Ants provided non‐negligible dispersal services to myrmecochorous <em>K. arvensis</em> but also, to a lesser extent, of non‐myrmecochorous <em>P. lanceolata</em>.</p> <p><em>Unassisted dispersal</em></p> <p>A sticky trap of the same size as the experimental plots of the cafeteria experiment (3 m × 3 m) was used to record unassisted dispersal (i.e., without any biotic dispersal agent, mostly by gravity and additionally wind). We used linoleum covered with insect glue to trap the falling diaspores. Five full‐sized individuals (with majority of infructescences with mature seeds) of <em>K. arvensis</em> were fixed in a water container in the center of the plot for approximately 10 days. The procedure was repeated five times during July and August. The distances of trapped diaspores were measured in the same manner as in the case of ant dispersal, thus the dispersal by ants and unassisted dispersal can be compared.</p>
Dataset for " Direct or Indirect Sonication in Ecofriendly MoS2 Dispersion for NO2 and NH3 Gas-Sensing Applications
<p>This zip file contains the opj data of the published paper entitled: Direct or Indirect Sonication in Ecofriendly MoS2 Dispersion for NO2 and NH3 Gas-Sensing Applications published in ACS Omega 2024, 9, 23, 2597-25308</p> <p>DOI: <a title="DOI URL" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c03166">10.1021/acsomega.4c03166</a></p> <p> </p>
Additional dataset for a paper "Direct evidence for intercontinental dispersal of a snail via a bird"
<p>This is an appendix dataset for a published paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06771). See publishing information.</p>
Direct and indirect estimates of dispersal support strong juvenile philopatry and male-biased dispersal in a freshwater turtle species (Emys orbicularis)
<p><span>Dispersal has major impacts on population dynamics, population genetics and evolution and is also critical for population management and conservation. Dispersal is frequently sex- and age-specific, but current knowledge is strongly taxonomically biased toward birds and mammals. Here, we provide estimates of dispersal in a threatened freshwater turtle species, the European pond turtle <em>Emys</em> <em>orbicularis.</em> Based on 15 years of Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) monitoring and DNA samples from 194 individuals, we quantified both demographic and genetic dispersal between three sites separated by 1.5 to 3.5 km. We also investigated the effect of age and sex on dispersal. Overall, direct (CMR) and indirect (genetic) approaches provided consistent results showing that the studied sites are well connected with a flow of about one to three dozen migrants per generation. Dispersal was both age- and sex-biased in this species, with frequent dispersal of adult males and a strong philopatry of juveniles (of both sexes) and adult females. The strong philopatry of juveniles contrasts with the recurrent higher dispersal rate in young birds and mammals and shows the relevance of investigating dispersal in various taxonomic groups. Our results also provide useful information for the conservation of European pond turtle populations.</span></p>
Directed endozoochorous dispersal by scavengers facilitate sexual reproduction in otherwise clonal plants at cadaver sites
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Intraspecific variation in group structure arises due to environmentally-mediated directional dispersal in a cooperative breeder
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Seasonal and directional dispersal behavior in an ongoing dove invasion
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Direct and indirect estimates of dispersal support strong juvenile philopatry and male-biased dispersal in a freshwater turtle species (Emys orbicularis)
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Evaluation of seed-dispersal services by ants at a temperate pasture: Results of direct observations in an ant suppression experiment
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Experimental Data for "Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion due to partial fluid saturation: Direct measurements and numerical simulations based on X-Ray CT"
<p>Experimental Data from a Berea sandstone sample. Includes X-ray CT scans and mechanical response of sample.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>Quantitatively assessing seismic attenuation caused by fluid pressure diffusion (FPD) in partially saturated rocks is challenging because of its sensitivity to the spatial fluid distribution. To address this challenge we performed depressurisation experiments to induce the exsolution of carbon dioxide from water in a Berea sandstone sample. In a first set of experiments we used medical X-ray computed tomography (CT) to characterise the fluid distribution. At an equilibrium pressure of ~1 MPa and applying a fluid pressure decline rate of ~0.6 MPa per minute, we allowed a change in saturation of less than 1 %. The gas was heterogeneously distributed along the length of the sample, with most of the gas exsolving near the sample outlet. In a second set of experiments, at the same pressure and temperature, following a very similar exsolution protocol, we measured the frequency dependent attenuation and modulus dispersion between 0.1 and 1000 Hz using the forced oscillation method. We observed significant attenuation and dispersion in the extensional and bulk deformation modes, however not in the shear mode. Lastly, we use the fluid distribution derived from the X-ray CT as an input for numerical simulations of FPD to compute the attenuation and modulus dispersion. The numerical solutions are in close agreement with the attenuation and modulus dispersion measured in the laboratory. Our methodology allows for accurately relating attenuation and dispersion to the fluid distribution, which can be applied to improving the seismic monitoring of the subsurface.</p>
Data from: Inferring contemporary dispersal processes in plant metapopulations: comparison of direct and indirect estimates of dispersal for the annual species Crepis sancta
Analyzing population dynamics in changing habitats is a prerequisite for population dynamics forecasting. The recent development of metapopulation modeling allows the estimation of dispersal kernels based on the colonization pattern but the accuracy of these estimates compared with direct estimates of the seed dispersal kernel has rarely been assessed. In this study, we used recent genetic methods based on parentage analysis (spatially explicit mating models) to estimate seed and pollen dispersal kernels as well as seed and pollen immigration in fragmented urban populations of the plant species Crepis sancta with contrasting patch dynamics. Using two independent networks, we documented substantial seed immigration and a highly restricted dispersal kernel. Moreover, immigration heterogeneity among networks was consistent with previously reported metapopulation dynamics, showing that colonization was mainly due to external colonization in the first network (propagule rain) and local colonization in the second network. We concluded that the differences in urban patch dynamics are mainly due to seed immigration heterogeneity, highlighting the importance of external population source in the spatio-temporal dynamics of plants in a fragmented landscape. The results show that indirect and direct methods were qualitatively consistent, providing a proper interpretation of indirect estimates. This study provides attempts to link genetic and demographic methods and show that patch occupancy models may provide simple methods for analyzing population dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes in the context of global change.
Data from: Directional dispersal has not evolved during the cane toad invasion
1. The ability to disperse along a consistent compass heading strongly affects the rate and efficiency of an animal's displacement, and thus is under selection at the expanding edge of a biological invasion. 2. We used radiotelemetry to assess whether the dispersal direction of cane toads (Rhinella marina) changed as a function of time since invasion, by comparing (i) toads at a single site monitored annually for 10 years subsequent to toad arrival; (ii) toads collected from sites across the species' invaded range in Australia, and radiotracked at a common site; and (iii) the offspring of those transported toads that were reared in captivity under common-garden conditions. 3. The first of these data sets showed non-random directionality, indicating strong spatial sorting operating on this trait: toads moved in a north-westerly direction for the first 6 years post-invasion, but in random directions thereafter. Despite the evidence for trait sorting, no consistent directionality was seen in toads relocated from populations with different invasion histories nor in their offspring. Why do we see no evolutionary shifts? 4. Dispersal directionality of the offspring was not correlated with that of their parents, arguing against a genetic basis to this behavioural trait. Thus, while an expanding invasion front creates an evolutionary pressure for animals to move in a specific direction, evolution of this trait has not occurred in this system because directionality is not heritable. 5. The observed north-westerly movements of toads at the invasion front were due to simple density differentials: in the first few years, most toads arriving at our study site originated from earlier-colonized (and hence denser) populations to the south-east.
Dataset for Article: "Hitchhiking Mosquitoes: Direct Evidence of Adult Aedes albopictus Dispersal by Car"
<p>This is the dataset used for the analysis in the article Hitchhiking Mosquitoes: Direct Evidence of Adult Aedes albopictus Dispersal by Car, by Roger Eritja, John R.B. Palmer, David Roiz, Isis Sanpera-Calbet, and Frederic Bartumeus. </p>
Data from: Extensive seed and pollen dispersal and assortative mating in the rain forest tree Entandrophragma cylindricum (Meliaceae) inferred from indirect and direct analyses
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Allen Brain Atlas
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