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19 results for “dispersal efficiency”
Morphological adaptations linked to flight efficiency and aerial lifestyle determine natal dispersal distance in birds
<p>Natal dispersal—the movement from birthplace to breeding location—is often considered the most significant dispersal event in an animal's lifetime. Natal dispersal distances may be shaped by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and remain poorly quantified in most groups, highlighting the need for indices that capture variation in dispersal among species.</p> <p>In birds, it is hypothesized that dispersal distance can be predicted by flight efficiency, which can be estimated using wing morphology. However, the use of morphological indices to predict dispersal remains contentious and the mechanistic links between flight efficiency and natal dispersal are unclear.</p> <p>Here, we use phylogenetic comparative models to test whether hand-wing index (HWI, a morphological proxy for wing aspect ratio) predicts natal dispersal distance across a global sample of 114 bird species. In addition, we assess whether HWI is correlated with flight usage in foraging and daily routines.</p> <p>We find that HWI is a strong predictor of both natal dispersal distance and a more aerial lifestyle.</p> <p>Our results support the use of HWI as a valid proxy for relative natal dispersal distance, and also suggest that evolutionary adaptation to aerial lifestyles is a major factor connecting flight efficiency with patterns of natal dispersal.</p>
Data Set For Efficient Calculation of Dispersion Energy for Multireference Systems with Cholesky Decomposition. Application to Excited-state Interactions
<p>Data Set to Accompany:</p> <p>"Efficient Calculation of Dispersion Energy for Multireference Systems with Cholesky Decomposition. Application to Excited-state Interactions"</p>
Morphological adaptations linked to flight efficiency and aerial lifestyle determine natal dispersal distance in birds
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Increasing efficiency and reducing bias in the detection of seed-dispersal interactions based on mist-netted birds
<p>Efficient and unbiased sampling of ecological interactions is essential to our understanding of the functions they mediate. Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds is a key mutualism for plant regeneration and community dynamics. Mist-netting is one of the most widely used methods to sample avian seed dispersal through the identification of seeds in droppings of captured birds kept inside cloth bags. However, birds may drop seeds on the ground before being extracted from the net, leading to a fraction of missing information due to ineffective sampling. Worryingly, this fraction could be unevenly distributed across bird and plant species, leading to sampling biases. Here, we assess the effectiveness of using a 1- m wide mesh below mist nets to sample seeds dropped by entangled birds. We used data from birds mist-netted during one-year-round. We sampled nearly 50% of interaction events and 75% of dispersed seeds on the mesh band below the mist nets (i.e. lost information without this optimization). The proportion of seeds sampled on the mesh bands was not evenly distributed among bird species but strongly related to bird size, ranging from 57-63% in warblers to 84-94% in thrushes. Moreover, the proportion of seeds sampled on the mesh was negatively related to seed size, although this relationship was weaker. We also evaluated accumulation curves of species and pairwise interactions with increasing sampling effort, both with and without using the mesh bands. The number of seed species sampled increased by 21% when using the mesh bands and the number of pairwise interactions by 36%. Our findings provide strong evidence on how inefficient and biased traditional mist-netting can be for sampling community-wide seed-dispersal interactions. We thus urge the use of mesh bands in future studies to increase sampling effectiveness and avoid biases, which will ultimately improve our understanding of the seed dispersal function.</p>
Data for Taylor Dispersion-Induced Phase Separation for the Efficient Characterisation of Protein Condensate Formation
<p>This archive contains data files the Python 3 code needed to reproduce the analysis done for the publication "Taylor Dispersion-Induced Phase Separation for the Efficient Characterisation of Protein Condensate Formation". Most of the data files are recorded on the Fida 1 instrument (Fidabio, Denmark) and consists of fluorescence recordings at the end of a 1 m long microfluidic channel (Ø 75 µm). Additional data file types include raw microscopy images (Leica SP8 confocal microscope, Germany), spectroscopy and light scattering files from Probedrum/Labbot (Labbot, Sweden), and simulation files generated by Comsol 6 (COMSOL AB, Sweden). Comsol project files are also supplied.</p> <p>The Python code is supplied in the form of Jupyter Notebooks. A python file "TDIPS.py" contains general routines used in the data analysis notebooks, and is for example capable of calculating the viscosity of various salt solution mixtures using table values. This is used for normalisation of the Fida 1 instrument data, when several measurements are done at different salt concentrations.</p> <p>The scripts are running Python 3.11.7 and packages Numpy (1.26.4), Matplotlib (3.8.0), Pandas (2.1.4), Scipy (1.11.4), and LMfit (1.2.2).</p> <p>All figures are included as Scalable Vector Graphics (<em>SVG</em>) files and can be opened using Inkscape.</p> <p>© Technical University of Denmark</p>
X-ray absorption data and microscopic images of "Atomically dispersed iron(3+) sites catalyze efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO"
<p>XANES and EXAFS data (Figure 1F-H, Figure 3A-B, Figure S2F-H, Figure S3H-I, Figure S10A-B, Figure S11A-B,E-F, Figure S12A, Figure S14D-E)</p> <p>Microscopic images (Figure 1A-D, Figure S2B,D, Figure S4A-B,D-E, Figure S9A-C,E Figure S13A-D)</p> <p>of the research paper 'Atomically dispersed iron(3+) sites catalyze efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO'.</p>
Increasing efficiency and reducing bias in the detection of seed-dispersal interactions based on mist-netted birds
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Data from: Testing the efficiency of nested barriers to dispersal in the Mediterranean high mountain plant Edraianthus graminifolius (Campanulaceae)
Due to strong spatial heterogeneity and limited Pleistocene glaciation, the Balkan Peninsula is a major European biodiversity hotspot. Surprisingly little, however, is known about patterns and processes of intraspecific diversification of its biota in general and of high altitude species in particular. A well-suited system to test hypotheses with respect to various isolating factors acting at different geographic scales and to explore full-range phylogeographic patterns on the Balkan Peninsula is Edraianthus graminifolius (Campanulaceae), distributed in the western Balkan mountain systems, the southwestern Carpathians and the Apennine Peninsula. To this end, we used a dense population sampling and employed Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers and plastid DNA sequences supplemented by ecological niche modelling. The strongest splits were inferred to separate southern and northern Balkan populations from the central ones, from where range extension occurred to the Carpathians and, in more recent times, once or twice to the Apennine Peninsula. The three genetic groups in the western Balkan Peninsula were remarkably congruent among molecular markers suggesting that the barriers to gene flow acted over long time periods facilitating allopatric differentiation. Each main group of Balkan populations contained genetically and geographically distinct subgroups, which likely are the result of local refugia during warmer periods. Evidently, the topographically highly complex and during the last glacial maximum only locally glaciated Balkan Peninsula is a hotspot of species richness and endemism as well as a sanctuary of intraspecific genetic diversity, even if the underlying causes remain insufficiently understood.
Data from: High connectivity across the fragmented chemosynthetic ecosystems of the deep Atlantic Equatorial Belt: efficient dispersal mechanisms or questionable endemism?
Chemosynthetic ecosystems are distributed worldwide in fragmented habitats harbouring seemingly highly specialized communities. Yet, shared taxa have been reported from highly distant chemosynthetic communities. These habitats are distributed in distinct biogeographical regions, one of these being the so-called Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB). Here, we combined genetic data (COI) from several taxa to assess the possible existence of cryptic or synonymous species and to detect the possible occurrence of contemporary gene flow among populations of chemosynthetic species located on both sides of the Atlantic. Several Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) of Alvinocarididae shrimp and Vesicomyidae bivalves were found to be shared across seeps of the AEB. Some were also common to hydrothermal vent communities of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), encompassing taxa morphologically described as distinct species or even genera. The hypothesis of current or very recent large-scale gene flow among seeps and vents was supported by microsatellite analysis of the shrimp species Alvinocaris muricola/Alvinocaris markensis across the AEB and MAR. Two nonmutually exclusive hypotheses may explain these findings. The dispersion of larvae or adults following strong deep-sea currents, possibly combined with biochemical cues influencing the duration of larval development and timing of metamorphosis, may result in large-scale effective migration among distant spots scattered on the oceanic seafloor. Alternatively, these results may arise from the prevailing lack of knowledge on the ocean seabed, apart from emblematic ecosystems (chemosynthetic ecosystems, coral reefs or seamounts), where the widespread classification of endemism associated with many chemosynthetic taxa might hide wider distributions in overlooked parts of the deep sea.
Gaussian approximation of dispersion potentials for efficient featurization and machine-learning predictions of metal–organic frameworks
<p>Scripts and data for the publication</p>
Dispersion Engineered Metasurfaces for Broadband, High-NA, High-Efficiency, Dual-Polarization Analog Image Processing
<p>This dataset contains tabulated versions of the experimental data shown in the pictures of the publication "Dispersion Engineered Metasurfaces for Broadband, High-NA, High-Efficiency, Dual-Polarization Analog Image Processing"</p><p><strong>Figure 2</strong></p><ul><li>The file Fig_2_tpp.xlsx contains the raw data of Fig. 2g. The first sheet contains a 31 x 121 matrix. The second sheet contains a column vector with 121 entries, corresponding to the wavelength axis. The third sheet contains a column vector with 31 entries, corresponding to the angle theta axis.</li><li>The file Fig_2_tss.xlsx contains the raw data of Fig. 2i. The first sheet contains a 31 x 121 matrix. The second sheet contains a column vector with 121 entries, corresponding to the wavelength axis. The third sheet contains a column vector with 31 entries, corresponding to the angle theta axis.</li><li>The data of the plots in Fig. 2h and 2j can be extracted from the corresponding row/columns in the files Fig_2_tpp.xlsx and Fig_2_tss.xlsx</li></ul><p><strong>Figure 4</strong></p><ul><li>The file Fig_4b_MSoff.xlsx contains the raw data of the first panel ('NO Metasurface') of Fig. 4b</li><li>The files Fig_4b_MSon_X.xlsx, with X = [1435, 1445, 1450, 1452, 1455:5:1480, 1483, 1485, 1490, 1495], contain the raw data of the other panels of Fig. 4b.</li><li>For all panels of Fig. 4b, each pixel corresponds to 0.2864 microns.</li><li>The data of the plots in Fig. 4c can be extracted from the corresponding row/columns of the plots in Fig. 4b</li></ul><p><strong>Figure 5</strong></p><ul><li>The file Fig_5a.xlsx contains the spectra shown in Fig. 5a</li><li>The files Fig_5b_MSoff.xlsx, Fig_5b_MSon_xpol.xlsx, Fig_5b_MSon_ypol.xlsx, Fig_5b_MSon_+45.xlsx, Fig_5b_MSon_-45.xlsx, Fig_5b_MSon_Lpol.xlsx, Fig_5b_MSon_Rpol.xlsx contains the raw data of the panels b, c, d, e, f, g, h, respectively</li><li>For all 2D images in Fig. 5, each pixel corresponds to 0.2864 microns.</li><li>The data of the plots in Fig. 5i can be extracted from the corresponding row/columns of the plots in Figs. 5c-5h</li></ul>
Water modelling used in "On the efficient particle dispersion and transfer in the fabrication of Al-SiCp MMCs"
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Data from: Testing the efficiency of nested barriers to dispersal in the Mediterranean high mountain plant Edraianthus graminifolius (Campanulaceae)
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Data from: Genotypic diversity in root-endophytic fungi reflects efficient dispersal and environmental adaptation
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Data from: High connectivity across the fragmented chemosynthetic ecosystems of the deep Atlantic Equatorial Belt: efficient dispersal mechanisms or questionable endemism?
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Data from: Bird-mediated seed dispersal: reduced digestive efficiency in active birds modulates the dispersal capacity of plant seeds
Plant populations in fragmented ecosystems rely largely on internal dispersal by animals. To unravel the mechanisms underlying this mode of dispersal, an increasing number of experimental feeding studies is carried out. However, while physical activity is known to affect vertebrate digestive processes, almost all current knowledge on mechanisms of internal seed dispersal has been obtained from experiments with resting animals. We investigated how physical activity of the mallard Anas platyrhynchos, probably the quantitatively most important biotic dispersal agent in aquatic habitats in the entire Northern Hemisphere, affects gut passage survival and retention time of ingested plant seeds. We fed seeds of nine common wetland plants to mallards trained to subsequently swim for six hours in a flume tank at different swimming speeds (activity levels). We compared gut passage survival and retention times of seeds against a control treatment with mallards resting in a conventional dry cage. Intact gut passage of seeds increased significantly with mallard activity (up to 80% in the fastest swimming treatment compared to the control), identifying reduced digestive efficiency due to increased metabolic rates as a mechanism enhancing the dispersal potential of ingested seeds. Gut passage speed was modestly accelerated (13% on average) by increased mallard activity, an effect partly obscured by the interaction between seed retention time and probability of digestion. Gut passage acceleration will be more pronounced in digestion-resilient seed species, thereby modulating their dispersal distances. Our findings imply that seed dispersal potential by mallards calculated from previous experiments with resting birds is highly underestimated, while dispersal distances may be overestimated for some plant species. Similar effects of physical activity on digestive efficiency of mammals suggests that endozoochorous dispersal of plant seeds by vertebrates is more effective and plays a quantitatively more important ecological role in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems than previously thought.
Data from: To what extent are bryophytes efficient dispersers?
• Bryophytes are typically seen as extremely efficient dispersers. Experimental evidence suggests that efficient short- and long-distance dispersal coupled with random colonization leads to an inverse isolation effect. Under the latter, a higher genetic diversity of colonizing propagules is expected with increasing isolation, counteracting differentiation beyond the range of short-distance dispersal. • This expectation is tested from a review of evidence on spatial genetic structure and analyses of isolation-by-distance (IBD) at different scales. • A decay of the IBD signal, characterized by non-significant slopes between kinship coefficients and distance, was observed in 2/3 of the investigated datasets beyond 100m. A second slope shift was observed at distances larger than 100km, with a proportion of significant slopes in >50% of the datasets. • The decay of the IBD signal beyond 100m, which reflects the rapid decrease of spore densities with increasing distance from the source, is consistent with the inverse isolation hypothesis. Persistence of a significant IBD signal at medium ranges in 1/3 of the cases suggests, however, that the inverse isolation effect is not a rule in bryophyte spore dispersal. Furthermore, the higher proportion of significant isolation-by-distance patterns observed at scales over 100km likely marks the limits of regional dispersal, beyond which an increasingly smaller proportion of spores travel. • We discuss the differences between experimental and genetic estimates of spore dispersal and conclude that geographic distance remains a significant proxy of spore colonization rates, with major consequences for our understanding of actual migration capacities in bryophytes, and hence, our capacity to model range shifts in a changing world.
Data from: Bird-mediated seed dispersal: reduced digestive efficiency in active birds modulates the dispersal capacity of plant seeds
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Data from: To what extent are bryophytes efficient dispersers?
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.