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14 results for “distance determination”
DETERMINING AGES OF APOGEE GIANTS WITH KNOWN DISTANCES - Full PDFs
<p>Supplementary data to Feuillet+ (2016, ApJ, arXiv:1511.04088):</p> <p>Using the APOGEE survey instrument and the NMSU 1m telescope, we observe a sample of bright, nearby, red giant stars with known distances measured by Hipparcos. By applying Bayesian analysis and hierarchical modeling, we determine individual stellar ages and the star formation histories of single alpha-abundance subsamples. The probability distribution functions (PDFs) and modeled star formation histories (SFHs) of all stars analyzed in this paper.</p> <p>Data included: APOGEE/2MASS ID, the age values for PDFs in log(age), the isochrone matching likelihood function as given in Equation 4 of paper, the age PDF of a Bayesian analysis using a flat SFH (Section 4.3), the hierarchically modeled SFH using an alpha-abundance dependent Gaussian+uniform model (Section 4.6), and the age PDF of an empirical Bayesian analysis using the hierarchically modeled SFH (Section 4.6). Individual ages of stars in the paper are taken as the mean of the age PDF, however, most PDFs are non-Gaussian, which introduces complicated errors into the selection of a single age.</p>
Morphological adaptations linked to flight efficiency and aerial lifestyle determine natal dispersal distance in birds
<p>Natal dispersal—the movement from birthplace to breeding location—is often considered the most significant dispersal event in an animal's lifetime. Natal dispersal distances may be shaped by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and remain poorly quantified in most groups, highlighting the need for indices that capture variation in dispersal among species.</p> <p>In birds, it is hypothesized that dispersal distance can be predicted by flight efficiency, which can be estimated using wing morphology. However, the use of morphological indices to predict dispersal remains contentious and the mechanistic links between flight efficiency and natal dispersal are unclear.</p> <p>Here, we use phylogenetic comparative models to test whether hand-wing index (HWI, a morphological proxy for wing aspect ratio) predicts natal dispersal distance across a global sample of 114 bird species. In addition, we assess whether HWI is correlated with flight usage in foraging and daily routines.</p> <p>We find that HWI is a strong predictor of both natal dispersal distance and a more aerial lifestyle.</p> <p>Our results support the use of HWI as a valid proxy for relative natal dispersal distance, and also suggest that evolutionary adaptation to aerial lifestyles is a major factor connecting flight efficiency with patterns of natal dispersal.</p>
Morphological adaptations linked to flight efficiency and aerial lifestyle determine natal dispersal distance in birds
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Impact of binary interaction on the evolution of blue supergiants. The flux-weighted gravity luminosity relationship and extragalactic distance determinations
<p>MESA inlists associated with <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/?#abs/2019A&A...621A..22F">Impact of binary interaction on the evolution of blue supergiants. The flux-weighted gravity luminosity relationship and extragalactic distance determinations</a></p>
Data for: Determinants of natal dispersal distances in North American birds
<p>Natal dispersal—the movement from birth site to first breeding site—determines demographic and population genetic dynamics and has important consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes. Recent work suggested that one of the main factors determining natal dispersal distances is the cost of locomotion. We evaluated this hypothesis using band-recovery data to estimate natal dispersal distances for 50 North American bird species. We then analysed the relationships between dispersal distances and a suite of morphological and ecological predictors, including proxies for the cost of locomotion (flight efficiency), using phylogenetic regression models. We found that flight efficiency, population size and habitat influence natal dispersal distances. We discuss how the effects of population size and habitat can also be related to mobility and locomotion. Our findings are consistent with a predominant effect of adaptations for mobility on dispersal distances.</p>
Data for: Determinants of natal dispersal distances in North American birds
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Data from: Seed traits, not density or distance from parent, determine seed predation and establishment in an Afrotropical forest
Seed predators drive patterns in seed mortality and seedling establishment and are posited to contribute to the maintenance of plant species diversity through several mechanisms. Negative density dependence and spatially-restricted recruitment are apparently widespread in Neotropical forests, but are little studied in Afrotropical forests, where generalist vertebrates may contribute more to seed mortality than do specialized invertebrates and fungi. We experimentally assessed the roles of seed density and distance from the parent tree for ten tree species in a forest in northeastern Gabon, using exclosures to isolate the effects of different seed predator types. Vertebrates caused greater seed losses than all other mortality agents combined. Unexpectedly, seeds under fruiting conspecific trees had significantly lower removal and higher seedling establishment than those under heterospecific trees or in neutral non-fruiting locations. Seed density did not significantly affect seedling establishment. Vertebrate seed removal ranged from 0% to 100% among focal species, and was positively correlated with seed mass but had no relationship with species commonness (adult tree density). Seed traits strongly affected patterns of seed removal and seedling establishment, and may contribute more to the likelihood of success for an individual seed than do its density or distance from parent. Our results highlight an apparent divergence in patterns of seed mortality and seedling establishment between tropical forest regions, and emphasize the need for further comparative study.
Data from: Competitive consequences determined by phenotypic but not genetic distance: a study with asexual Daphnia genotypes
<p><span><span>1. How </span><span>evolutionary relatedness influences the strength of competitive interactions among </span><span>genetically isolated populations has been a long-standing interest in ecology. Darwin's </span><span>"Competition </span><span>R</span><span>elatedness Hypothesis (CRH)" states that, since closely related species should compete more strongly, they are less likely to coexist, while </span><span>Herbert's </span><span>"Bimodal </span><span>Competition Hypothesis (BCH)" predicts that competitive exclusion is less likely to occur when the competing species are genetically close or distant.</span></span></p> <p><span>2. T</span><span>o test these hypotheses,</span><span> we</span><span> experimentally examined the difference in the competitive ability and life tables of fecundity</span><span> </span><span>and survivorship among four different genotypes of </span><span>asexual</span><span> Daphnia cf. pulex </span><span>that diverged from a single ancestral genotype</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>The experiments showed that the competitive consequences differed depending on the pairing of the competing genotypes, and that the degree of the competitive exclusion was lower when the competing genotypes were genetically closer to each other. These results partially supported the BCH but not the CRH at all. More importantly, the degree of competitive exclusion was better predicted by the phenotypic rather than genetic distances between the competing genotypes.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>The life table experiments revealed that competitively inferior genotypes had higher early reproduction rates, but survival rates decreased with age and thus body size, probably a result of selection by predation pressures found in nature.</span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>These results indicate that competitive superiority is highly dependent on selection pressures that given organisms have been evolutionally subjected to, and, that genetic similarity is not necessarily an appropriate measure for predicting the completive exclusion on an ecological time scale. </span><span>To predict competitive relationships among the organisms, it is essential to comprehend their phenotypic differences rather than simply knowing their genetic or phylogenetic relationships.</span></p>
Data from: Genetic structure in parasitic Rhinanthus angustifolius is determined by geographical distance rather than habitat – implications for taxonomy and conservation
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Data from: Seed traits, not density or distance from parent, determine seed predation and establishment in an Afrotropical forest
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Data from: Competitive consequences determined by phenotypic but not genetic distance: a study with asexual Daphnia genotypes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Determining The Impact Of Distance Reiki On Patient Reported QOL And Immunity Among Multiple Myeloma Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04783038. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study to Determine the Location of the Blind Spot and the Macula-disc Centre Distance on a Fundus Photograph
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01843582. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Local habitat condition rather than geographic distance determines the genetic structure of Tamarix chinensis populations in Yellow River Delta, China
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