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36 results for “disturbance gradient”
Gradient winds and neutral flow dawn-dusk asymmetry in the auroral oval during geomagnetically disturbed conditions (data files)
<p>Data files with wind profiles used to generate figures in the paper entitled "Gradient winds and neutral flow dawn-dusk asymmetry in the auroral oval during geomagnetically disturbed conditions"</p>
Mycelial soil fungal communty attributes and mycelial production across a forest disturbance gradient
<div> <h1>Description</h1> <p>This study investigated differences in soil mycelial (actively foraging) fungal community attributes and productivity across a forest disturbance gradient. Hyphal in-growth bags were installed for 6 months in old-growth (OG) and selectively logged (SL) lowland dipterocarp rainforest and oil palm plantation (OP). Soil mycelial (actively foraging) fungal communitywere characterized by ITS amplicon sequencing, and mycelial production estimated by measurement of fungal hyphae. For publication, these data were analysed in conjunction with soil properties and aboveground plant community and productivity data from previosuly conducted surveys by the BALI consortium in corresponding plots and subplots.</p> <h1>Projects</h1> <p> This dataset was collected as part of the following projects: </p><ul> <li><a href="https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/156">https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/156</a> </li> </ul> <p></p> <h1>Funding</h1> <p> These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p> <ul> <li>UK NERC-funded Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on Tropical Ecosystem Function (BALI) consortium (Standard grant , NE/K016377/1 ) </li> </ul> <p></p> <p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p> <h1>Permits</h1> <p>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p> <ul> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre ( Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.3 (173))</li> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre ( Export licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/3 JLD.2 (70))</li> </ul> <p></p> <h1>Files</h1> <p>This dataset consists of 1 file: Soil_Mycelial_Fungi_SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</p> <h2>Soil_Mycelial_Fungi_SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</h2> <p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p> <h3>Fungal_Community_Attributes</h3> <ul> <li>Worksheet: Fungal_Community_Attributes</li> <li>Description: * Summary of diversity and relative abundances of soil fungal functional groups from ITS amplicon sequencing. DNA extracted from sand from hyphal in-growth bags installed for 6 months. * Mycelial production measured as total fungal hyphal length inside hyphal in-growth bags installed for 6 months. * Supplementary slope measurements for subplots in which hyphal in-growth bags were installed.</li> <li>Number of fields: 26</li> <li>Number of data rows: 27</li> <ul> <li>Sample_ID: Sample ID (type: id)</li> <li>Plot: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where hyphal in-growth bags were installed (type: id)</li> <li>Subplot: Name of subplot where hyphal in-growth bags were installed (type: location)</li> <li>Type: Land-use type classification (type: categorical)</li> <li>Slope: Average degree of slope for each subplot hwere hyphal in-growth bags were installed (type: numeric)</li> <li>Hyphal_length: Mycelial production measured as total fungal hyphal length inside hyphal in-growth bags (6-month burial) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Overall_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed overall fungal taxa Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Overall_Fungal_Shannon: Overall fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed saprotrophic fungal taxa (Amplicon Sequence Variants) from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Shannon: Saprotrophic fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed mycorrhizal fungal taxa Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Shannon: Mycorrhizal fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Pathogenic_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed pathogenic fungal taxa Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Pathogenic_Fungal_Shannon: Pathogenic fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Saprotrophic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Total mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Ectomycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Ectomycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Arbuscular_Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Ericoid_Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Ericoid mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Pathogenic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Total pathogenic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Plant_Pathogenic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Plant pathogenic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Animal_Pathogenic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Animal pathogenic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Parasitic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Parasitic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Endophytic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Endophytic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Lichenised_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Lichenised fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Epiphytic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Epiphytic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>Fungal_ASV_Reads</h3> <ul> <li>Worksheet: Fungal_ASV_Reads</li> <li>Description: Read counts for Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing. DNA extracted from sand from hyphal in-growth bags installed for 6 months.</li> <li>Number of fields: 28</li> <li>Number of data rows: 3916</li> <ul> <li>fungal_taxon: Fungal taxon identitiy (type: taxa)</li> <li>MYC_2: Danum Valley 1 (Car_D1-07, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_3: Danum Valley 1 (Car_D1-09, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_5: Danum Valley 1 (Car_D1-24, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_6: Danum Valley 2 (Car_D2-01, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_8: Danum Valley 2 (Car_D2-19, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_10: Danum Valley 2 (Car_D2-24, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_11: Maliau Seraya (Car_Ser-03, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_12: Maliau Seraya (Car_Ser-14, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_13: Maliau Seraya (Car_Ser-15, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_16: Maliau Belian (Car_Bel-04, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_19: Maliau Belian (Car_Bel-18, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_20: Maliau Belian (Car_Bel-22, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_22: SAFE B North (Car_BN-18, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_24: SAFE B North (Car_BN-24, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_25: SAFE B North (Car_BN-25, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_27: SAFE B South (Car_BS-06, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_28: SAFE B South (Car_BS-15, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_30: SAFE B South (Car_BS-19, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_31: SAFE E (Car_E-03, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_33: SAFE E (Car_E-12, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_35: SAFE E (Car_E-24, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_37: SAFE LF (Car_LF-07, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_38: SAFE LF (Car_LF-12, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_40: SAFE LF (Car_LF-24, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_41: SAFE OP (CarOP-01, OP) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_42: SAFE OP (CarOP-02, OP) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_44: SAFE OP (CarOP-08, OP) (type: abundance)</li> </ul> </ul> <h1>Extents</h1> <ul> <li>Date range: 2014-10-01 to 2018-09-01</li> <li>Latitudinal extent: 4.64° to 4.954°</li> <li>Longitudinal extent: 116.95° to 117.796°</li> </ul> <h1>Taxonomic coverage</h1> <p>This dataset contains data associated with taxa. </p> <h2>Bioinformatics taxonomy details</h2> <p>The dataset contains taxa that were identified as part of a bioinformatics workkflow. The taxa listed in the dataset are compiled to provide the taxonomic summary shown below. These taxa are not independently validated as they have been generated using established reference databases. </p> <div> - Fungi<br> -  - Ascomycota<br> -  -  - Archaeorhizomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Archaeorhizomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Archaeorhizomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Archaeorhizomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Archaeorhizomyces borealis</i><br> -  -  - Ascomycota_cls_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - Ascomycota_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Ascomycota_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gyrothrix</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gyrothrix verticiclada</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Monocillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Monocillium indicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Virgaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Virgaria nigra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volucrispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volucrispora graminea</i><br> -  -  - Dothideomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Botryosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Botryosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endomelanconiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endomelanconiopsis endophytica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endomelanconiopsis microspora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lasiodiplodia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lasiodiplodia crassispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neodeightonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neodeightonia palmicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neodeightonia rattanica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudofusicoccum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae</i><br> -  -  -  - Capnodiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Capnodiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antennariella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antennariella placitae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cladosporiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladosporium velox</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Mycosphaerellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrodontium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrodontium virellum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycosphaerella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycosphaerella tassiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudocercospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Readeriella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Zasmidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Zasmidium syzygii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Teratosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Devriesia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Devriesia strelitziicola</i><br> -  -  -  - Dothideales<br> -  -  -  -  - Aureobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aureobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aureobasidium thailandense</i><br> -  -  -  - Dothideomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Dothideomycetes_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paramicrothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramimonilia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramimonilia apicalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Gloniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cenococcum</i><br> -  -  -  - Dothideomycetidae_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Micropeltidaceae<br> -  -  -  - Hysteriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Hysteriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhytidhysteron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhytidhysteron rufulum</i><br> -  -  -  - Jahnulales<br> -  -  -  -  - Aliquandostipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Jahnula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Jahnula aquatica</i><br> -  -  -  - Pleosporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Amorosiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angustimassarina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angustimassarina acerina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Arthopyreniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthopyrenia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthopyrenia salicis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Bambusicolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palmiascoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palmiascoma gregariascomum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Biatriosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biatriospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biatriospora mackinnonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Corynesporascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corynespora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corynespora smithii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cucurbitariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenochaetopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Dictyosporiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dictyosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dictyosporium hughesii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Didymellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascochyta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascochyta medicaginicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Didymosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Alloconiothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Alloconiothyrium aptrootii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dendrothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dendrothyrium variisporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Letendraea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Letendraea helminthicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraconiothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraconiothyrium brasiliense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraphaeosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraphaeosphaeria arecacearum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenocamarosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenocamarosporium acaciae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Leptosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lophiostomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiostoma chamaecyparidis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sigarispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sigarispora arundinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lophiotremataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiotrema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiotrema rubi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Melanommataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudotrichia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudotrichia thailandica</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Montagnulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Morosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrocalymma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrocalymma fici</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Phaeosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophiosphaerella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pleosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvularia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvularia kusanoi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvularia lunata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Edenia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Edenia gomezpompae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pleosporales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Flavomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Flavomyces fulophazii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nigrograna</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyschema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyschema sclerotigenum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sporormiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Teichosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora austroafricana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora grandicipis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora trabicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Thyridariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Roussoella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Roussoella hysterioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Roussoella solani</i><br> -  -  -  - Tubeufiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Tubeufiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Helicosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tubeufia</i><br> -  -  -  - Valsariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Valsariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsaria neotropica</i><br> -  -  -  - Venturiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Sympoventuriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis anomala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis cordanae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis globalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis verrucosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scolecobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaeopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaeopsis simplex</i><br> -  -  - Eurotiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Chaetothyriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetothyriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetothyriales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Strelitziana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Strelitziana africana</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cyphellophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora eucalypti</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora musae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora pluriseptata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora reptans</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Herpotrichiellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora chaetospira</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora immunda</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora mycetomatis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala brunnea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala halophila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala pisciphila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fonsecaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fonsecaea monophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fonsecaea multimorphosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinocladiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thysanorea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thysanorea papuana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaea botryosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Trichomeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrocladium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrocladium caudatum</i><br> -  -  -  - Coryneliales<br> -  -  -  -  - Coryneliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caliciopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caliciopsis indica</i><br> -  -  -  - Eurotiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Aspergillaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus cervinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus niger</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus nomius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus penicillioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus posadasensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus pseudonomius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium amaliae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium annulatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium citrinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium herquei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium lignorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium mallochii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium maximae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium ortum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium paxilli</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium penarojense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium pimiteouiense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium simplicissimum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium sumatraense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium viticola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Elaphomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Thermoascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Trichocomaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces albobiverticillius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces allahabadensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces hachijoensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces oumae-annae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces sayulitensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces subinflatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces wortmannii</i><br> -  -  -  - Onygenales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ascosphaeraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascosphaera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascosphaera apis</i><br> -  -  -  - Phaeomoniellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Phaeomoniellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  - Geoglossomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Geoglossales<br> -  -  -  -  - Geoglossaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geoglossum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geoglossum difforme</i><br> -  -  - Lecanoromycetes<br> -  -  -  - Lecanorales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ramalinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Toninia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Toninia physaroides</i><br> -  -  -  - Ostropales<br> -  -  -  -  - Porinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Porina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stictidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptodiscus</i><br> -  -  - Leotiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Helotiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Dermateaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corniculariella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlyctema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlyctema vincetoxici</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleropezicula</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Helotiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenoscyphus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenoscyphus serotinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Idriella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Idriella lunata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Helotiales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chalara</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chalara pseudoaffinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cystodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialocephala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialocephala humicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hyaloscyphaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calycina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calycina ellisii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Myxotrichaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oidiodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oidiodendron cereale</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sclerotiniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleromitrula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleromitrula spiraeicola</i><br> -  -  -  - Leotiomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Leotiomycetes_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gelatinomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gelatinomyces siamensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lauriomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lauriomyces bellulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leohumicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scytalidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pseudeurotiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geomyces auratus</i><br> -  -  -  - Rhytismatales<br> -  -  -  -  - Rhytismataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coccomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coccomyces multangularis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coccomyces sinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophodermium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophodermium illiciicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophodermium jiangnanense</i><br> -  -  - Orbiliomycetes<br> -  -  -  - GS33<br> -  -  -  - Orbiliales<br> -  -  -  -  - Orbiliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dactylella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dactylella intermedia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Orbiliales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vermispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vermispora fusarina</i><br> -  -  - Pezizomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Pezizales<br> -  -  -  -  - Pezizaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peziza</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pyronemataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scutellinia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sarcoscyphaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cookeina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cookeina tricholoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sarcosomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaleurina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaleurina javanica</i><br> -  -  - Saccharomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Saccharomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Debaryomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Debaryomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Debaryomyces hansenii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Meyerozyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schwanniomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schwanniomyces polymorphus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schwanniomyces vanrijiae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Metschnikowiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kodamaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Phaffomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyberlindnera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wickerhamomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wickerhamomyces bisporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Saccharomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kazachstania</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomyces paradoxus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Saccharomycetales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida haemulonis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida metapsilosis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida orthopsilosis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida parapsilosis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Saccharomycopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomycopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomycopsis crataegensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Trichomonascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Blastobotrys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Blastobotrys malaysiensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spencermartinsiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugiyamaella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugiyamaella paludigena</i><br> -  -  - Sordariomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Boliniales<br> -  -  -  -  - Boliniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endoxyla</i><br> -  -  -  - Calosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Pleurostomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pleurostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pleurostoma richardsiae</i><br> -  -  -  - Chaetosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetosphaeria chloroconia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetosphaeria vermicularioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chloridium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Codinaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Codinaea acaciae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudodinemasporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudodinemasporium fabiforme</i><br> -  -  -  - Coniochaetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Coniochaetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniochaeta</i><br> -  -  -  - Diaporthales<br> -  -  -  -  - Diaporthaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diaporthe</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Melanconidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanconiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanconiella spodiaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Prosthecium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Schizoparmaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniella wangiensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stilbosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stilbospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stilbospora macrosperma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Valsaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cytospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cytospora brevispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cytospora diatrypelloidea</i><br> -  -  -  - Glomerellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Glomerellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Colletotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Colletotrichum musae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Plectosphaerellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrostalagmus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrostalagmus luteoalbus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gibellulopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Plectosphaerella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Plectosphaerella oratosquillae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verticillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verticillium leptobactrum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verticillium nonalfalfae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wallrothiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wallrothiella subiculosa</i><br> -  -  -  - Hypocreales<br> -  -  -  -  - Bionectriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clonostachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clonostachys buxi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clonostachys rosea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropisphaera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropisphaera bambusicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectriopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectriopsis rexiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsonectria pulchella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verrucostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verrucostoma freycinetiae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Clavicipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Collarina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Collarina aurantiaca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Conoideocrella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Conoideocrella tenuis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium acridum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium blattodeae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium carneum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium flavoviride</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium marquandii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium novozealandicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paecilomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paecilomyces niphetodes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pochonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cordycipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beauveria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordyceps</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordyceps bassiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordyceps polyarthra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Isaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Isaria farinosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Isaria javanica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lecanicillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lecanicillium fungicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lecanicillium saksenae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hypocreaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladobotryum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sphaerostilbella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sphaerostilbella aureonitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma austrokoningii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma citrinoviride</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma deliquescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma helicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma ivoriense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma koningiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma lanuginosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma pseudostramineum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma rogersonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma spirale</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma strigosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma stromaticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma subeffusum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma subsulphureum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma taxi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma turrialbense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma virens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma voglmayrii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hypocreales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium alternatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium brachypenium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium breve</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium cavaraeanum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium curvulum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium furcatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium guillematii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium hennebertii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium nepalense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium persicinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium polychromum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium spinosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium stromaticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxocephala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxocephala albida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarocladium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarocladium glaucum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarocladium hominis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichothecium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichothecium crotocinigenum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Nectriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremoniopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremoniopsis suttonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aquanectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aquanectria penicillioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calonectria chinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Campylocarpon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Campylocarpon fasciculare</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corallomycetella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corallomycetella repens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvicladiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvicladiella cignea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocarpon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocladiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocladiella pseudocamelliae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocladiella pseudohawaiiensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium albosuccineum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium concentricum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium keratoplasticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium nematophilum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium polyphialidicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium solani</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla acetilerea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla aquaeductuum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla violacea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gibberella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gibberella zeae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum bacillisporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum cylindrosporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum simmonsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocladiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocladiopsis curvata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mariannaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mariannaea samuelsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectria pseudopeziza</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectria pseudotrichia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarcopodium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarcopodium circinosetiferum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stephanonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stephanonectria keithii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria coronata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria jungneri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria mammoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volutella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volutella consors</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenoacremonium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenoacremonium recifei</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Ophiocordycipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hirsutella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Purpureocillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tolypocladium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tolypocladium album</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stachybotryaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inaequalispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inaequalispora prestonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrothecium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrothecium roridum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxospora crassiseta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirastachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirastachys phyllophila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stachybotrys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stachybotrys parvispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xepicula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xepicula jollymannii</i><br> -  -  -  - Magnaporthales<br> -  -  -  -  - Magnaporthaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycoleptodiscus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophioceras</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophioceras leptosporum</i><br> -  -  -  - Microascales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ceratocystidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceratocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceratocystis grandicarpa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Halosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Microascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scedosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scedosporium minutisporum</i><br> -  -  -  - Myrmecridiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Myrmecridiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmecridium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmecridium schulzeri</i><br> -  -  -  - Ophiostomatales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ophiostomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cornuvesica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cornuvesica acuminata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophiostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophiostoma eucalyptigena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sporothrix</i><br> -  -  -  - Savoryellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Savoryellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - Sordariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetomiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium angustispirale</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium funicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium globosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Humicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Humicola grisea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lasiosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arnium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cercophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladorrhinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Podospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Podospora austroamericana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Podospora intestinacea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sordariales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordana ellipsoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordana terrestris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lunulospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staphylotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staphylotrichum boninense</i><br> -  -  -  - Sordariomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Sordariomycetes_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barbatosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhexodenticula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhexodenticula cylindrospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodoveronaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodoveronaea varioseptata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylomelasma</i><br> -  -  -  - Togniniales<br> -  -  -  -  - Togniniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeoacremonium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeoacremonium luteum</i><br> -  -  -  - Trichosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Trichosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nigrospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nigrospora oryzae</i><br> -  -  -  - Xylariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Amphisphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Apiosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrinium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrinium phaeospermum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrinium pseudosinense</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Beltraniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beltraniella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beltraniella portoricensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Diatrypaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Microdochiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microdochium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sporocadaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neopestalotiopsis asiatica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neopestalotiopsis clavispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis adusta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis rosea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis theae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Seiridium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Seiridium phylicae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Xylariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon archeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon moriforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon nitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon purpureonitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon spougei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon squamulosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon stygium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anthostomella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biscogniauxia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biscogniauxia atropunctata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Circinotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Circinotrichum maculiforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clypeosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Daldinia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Daldinia albofibrosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Daldinia clavata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon fraxinophilum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon hypomiltum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon monticulosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon nicaraguense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon notatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon pulicicidum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon samuelsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lopadostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lopadostoma pouzarii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Muscodor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania bipapillata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania diffusa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania primolutea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nodulisporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Obolarina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria allantoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria apiculata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria apoda</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria curta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria escharoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria nigripes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Xylariales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anungitea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anungitea eucalyptorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Castanediella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Castanediella couratarii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hansfordia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hansfordia pulvinata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Liberomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialemoniopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialemoniopsis cornearis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialemoniopsis ocularis</i><br> -  - Basidiomycota<br> -  -  - Agaricomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Agaricales<br> -  -  -  -  - Agaricaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus duplocingulatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus flocculosipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus heterocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus kunmingensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus microvolvatulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus placomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus subrufescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus subrutilescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus variicystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucoagaricus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucoagaricus serenus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucoagaricus tangerinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucocoprinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota albosericea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota furfuracea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota megarubescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Amanitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Amanita</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Bolbitiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Conocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Catathelasmataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrocybe gigantea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Clavariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavulinopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramariopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramariopsis flavescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scytinopogon</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cortinariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cortinarius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gymnopilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gymnopilus dilepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gymnopilus iriomotensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Crepidotaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>CrepidASVs</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>CrepidASVs applanatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Entolomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus cystidiatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus hobsonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus prunulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma eugenei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma jubatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma omiense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma serrulatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hydnangiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Laccaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Laccaria vinaceoavellanea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hygrophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hygrocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hygrocybe glutinipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hygrocybe nigrescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hymenogastraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anamika</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anamika indica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hebeloma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hebeloma subvictoriense</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Inocybaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inocybe hydrocybiformis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lycoperdaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calvatia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calvatia gigantea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calvatia holothurioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon echinatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon pratense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon pyriforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon subincarnatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lyophyllaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Termitomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Termitomyces microcarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pleurotaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hohenbuehelia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pluteaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus exiguus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus petasatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus podospileus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volvariella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volvariella murinella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Psathyrellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinellus aureogranulatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinopsis urticicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella candolleana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella efflorescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella ichnusae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella luteopallida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella maculata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella pygmaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stephanosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lindtneria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lindtneria flava</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stephanospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Strophariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Deconica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Deconica phyllogena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypholoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psilocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psilocybe coprophila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psilocybe inquilina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Tricholomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dermoloma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dermoloma magicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gamundia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gamundia leucophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemimycena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropus marginellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycena speirea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resupinatus</i><br> -  -  -  - Atheliales<br> -  -  -  -  - Atheliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Athelia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Athelia decipiens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Piloderma</i><br> -  -  -  - Auriculariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Auriculariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Auricularia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Exidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiodendron caesiocinereum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiodendron eyrei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exidia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exidia glandulosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exidia uvapassa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Heterochaete</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Heterochaete delicata</i><br> -  -  -  - Boletales<br> -  -  -  -  - Boletaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycoamaranthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycoamaranthus cambodgensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Coniophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniophora marmorata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sclerodermataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleroderma</i><br> -  -  -  - Cantharellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Botryobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Botryobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Botryobasidium conspersum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Botryobasidium laeve</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cantharellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cantharellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cantharellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Minimedusa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Ceratobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceratobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thanatephorus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thanatephorus cucumeris</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Clavulinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavulina</i><br> -  -  -  - Corticiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Corticiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corticium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corticium confine</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodontia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypochnicium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypochnicium cystidiatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebia acanthocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebia chrysocreas</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schizopora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schizopora flavipora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schizopora ovispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scopuloides</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Vuilleminiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vuilleminia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vuilleminia comedens</i><br> -  -  -  - GS28<br> -  -  -  - Geastrales<br> -  -  -  -  - Geastraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum indicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum lageniforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum mirabile</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum schweinitzii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum triplex</i><br> -  -  -  - Gomphales<br> -  -  -  -  - Gomphaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramaria</i><br> -  -  -  - Hymenochaetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Hymenochaetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitiporella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitiporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitiporia torreyae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fulvifomes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete nanospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete separabilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete tropica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>InonASVs</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>InonASVs pachyphloeus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phellinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phellinus ellipsoideus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phellinus noxius</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hymenochaetales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophorella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophorella odontiiformis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophorella praetermissa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resinicium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resinicium friabile</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resinicium mutabile</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Rickenellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sidera</i><br> -  -  -  - Phallales<br> -  -  -  -  - Phallaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mutinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phallus</i><br> -  -  -  - Polyporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Coriolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antrodiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antrodiella fragrans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aurantiporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aurantiporus fissilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coriolopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rigidoporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rigidoporus sanguinolentus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tinctoporellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cystostereaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Fomitopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Ganodermataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Amauroderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Amauroderma perplexum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma australe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma cupreum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma orbiforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma philippii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma sinense</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hyphodermataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Irpicaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia alachuana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia lacerata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia mellea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia reticulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Meruliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporiopsis mucida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiporia bubalina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Phanerochaetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodermella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodermella corrugata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodermella rosae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phanerochaete</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phanerochaete sordida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiopsis crassa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Porostereum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Polyporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Abundisporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Abundisporus fuscopurpureus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dichomitus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Grammothele</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Grammothele fuligo</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microporus affinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Perenniporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Perenniporia pyricola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Physisporinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Physisporinus vitreus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Skeletocutis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaptum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaptum biforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Polyporales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Junghuhnia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Steccherinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Steccherinum bourdotii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Schizoporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylodon</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Xenasmataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella ardosiaca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella borealis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella vaga</i><br> -  -  -  - Russulales<br> -  -  -  -  - Auriscalpiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gloeodontia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gloeodontia eriobotryae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lachnocladiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Peniophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Russulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactarius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactarius volemus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactifluus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactifluus subgerardii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula crustosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula cyanoxantha</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula densifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula foetens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula redolens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula subvinosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula violeipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Wrightoporiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wrightoporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wrightoporia japonica</i><br> -  -  -  - Sebacinales<br> -  -  -  -  - Sebacinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sebacina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sebacina epigaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Serendipitaceae<br> -  -  -  - Thelephorales<br> -  -  -  -  - Thelephoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella africana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella atroarenicolor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella badia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella parmastoana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella pilosa</i><br> -  -  -  - Trechisporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Hydnodontaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Luellia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Luellia cystidiata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora cohaerens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora echinocristallina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora hymenocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora invisitata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora nivea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora stellulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora stevensonii</i><br> -  -  - Agaricostilbomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Agaricostilbales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chionosphaeraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Kondoaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kondoa</i><br> -  -  - Atractiellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Atractiellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Atractiellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Helicogloea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Helicogloea farinacea</i><br> -  -  - Cystobasidiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Erythrobasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Erythrobasidiales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sakaguchia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sakaguchia lamellibrachiae</i><br> -  -  - Exobasidiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Entylomatales<br> -  -  - Geminibasidiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Geminibasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Geminibasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geminibasidium</i><br> -  -  - Malasseziomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Malasseziales<br> -  -  -  -  - Malasseziaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Malassezia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Malassezia sympodialis</i><br> -  -  - Microbotryomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Heterogastridiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Heterogastridiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pycnopulvinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pycnopulvinus aurantiacus</i><br> -  -  -  - Microbotryomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Chrysozymaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudohyphozyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudohyphozyma buffonii</i><br> -  -  -  - Sporidiobolales<br> -  -  -  -  - Sporidiobolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodotorula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i><br> -  -  - Pucciniomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Platygloeales<br> -  -  - Tremellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Cystofilobasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Mrakiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Itersonilia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Itersonilia perplexans</i><br> -  -  -  - Filobasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Filobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Filobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Filobasidium magnum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Naganishia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Naganishia diffluens</i><br> -  -  -  - Tremellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Bulleraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bullera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bullera arundinariae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Bulleribasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dioszegia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dioszegia fristingensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hannaella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hannaella phetchabunensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hannaella surugaensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cuniculitremaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kockovaella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Rhynchogastremataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema flavescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema laurentii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema nemorosus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sirobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirobasidium brefeldianum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Syzygosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Tremellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptococcus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tremella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Trimorphomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saitozyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saitozyma podzolica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugitazyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugitazyma miyagiana</i><br> -  -  -  - Trichosporonales<br> -  -  -  -  - Trichosporonaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum dehoogii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum laibachii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum sporotrichoides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cutaneotrichosporon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cutaneotrichosporon terricola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichosporon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichosporon vanderwaltii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vanrija</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vanrija humicola</i><br> -  - Chytridiomycota<br> -  -  - Lobulomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Lobulomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Lobulomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lobulomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lobulomyces angularis</i><br> -  -  - Rhizophydiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Rhizophydiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Angulomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angulomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angulomyces argentinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Kappamycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kappamyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kappamyces laurelensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Rhizophydiales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Operculomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Operculomyces laminatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Terramycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Boothiomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Boothiomyces macroporosum</i><br> -  -  - Spizellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Spizellomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Spizellomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spizellomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spizellomyces acuminatus</i><br> -  - Entomophthoromycota<br> -  -  - Basidiobolomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Basidiobolales<br> -  -  -  -  - Basidiobolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiobolus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiobolus ranarum</i><br> -  - GS19<br> -  - Glomeromycota<br> -  -  - Archaeosporomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Archaeosporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Archaeosporaceae<br> -  -  - Glomeromycetes<br> -  -  -  - Diversisporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Acaulosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acaulospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acaulospora lacunosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acaulospora minuta</i><br> -  -  -  - Gigasporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Gigasporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gigaspora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gigaspora margarita</i><br> -  -  -  - Glomerales<br> -  -  -  -  - Glomeraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dominikia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dominikia difficilevidera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhizophagus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhizophagus custos</i><br> -  - Kickxellomycota<br> -  -  - Kickxellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Kickxellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Kickxellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramicandelaber</i><br> -  - Mortierellomycota<br> -  -  - Mortierellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Mortierellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Mortierellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella ambigua</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella capitata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella elongata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella gemmifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella globulifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella horticola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella humilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella kuhlmanii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella minutissima</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella nantahalensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella thereuopodae</i><br> -  - Mucoromycota<br> -  -  - Endogonomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Endogonales<br> -  -  - Mucoromycetes<br> -  -  -  - Mucorales<br> -  -  -  -  - Backusellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Backusella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Backusella circina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cunninghamellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cunninghamella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cunninghamella binariae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gongronella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gongronella butleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Mucoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mucor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mucor amphibiorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mucor irregularis</i><br> -  -  - Mucoromycotina_cls_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - Mucoromycotina_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Mucoromycotina_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bifiguratus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bifiguratus adelaidae</i><br> -  -  - Umbelopsidomycetes<br> -  -  -  - GS23<br> -  -  -  - Umbelopsidales<br> -  -  -  -  - Umbelopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis angularis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis isabellina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis ramanniana</i><br> -  - Rozellomycota<br> -  -  - Rozellomycota_cls_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - GS07<br> -  -  -  - GS11<br></div> </div>
Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradient and species traits
<p>Dataset and R scripts used in the publication "Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradient and species traits", PeerJ</p>
A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients
<p>Frameworks exclusively considering functional diversity are gaining popularity, as they complement and extend the information provided by taxonomic diversity metrics, particularly in response to disturbance. Taxonomic diversity should be included in functional diversity frameworks to uncover the functional mechanisms causing species loss following disturbance events. We present and test a predictive framework that considers temporal functional and taxonomic diversity responses along disturbance gradients. Our proposed framework allows us to test different multidimensional metrics of taxonomic diversity that can be directly compared to calculated multidimensional functional diversity metrics. It builds on existing functional diversity-disturbance frameworks both by using a gradient approach and by jointly considering taxonomic and functional diversity. We used previously unpublished stream insect community data collected prior to, and for the two years following, an extreme flood event that occurred in 2013. Using 14 northern Colorado mountain streams, we tested our framework and determined that taxonomic diversity metrics calculated using multidimensional methods resulted in concordance between taxonomic and functional diversity responses. By considering functional and taxonomic diversity together and using a gradient approach, we were able to identify some of the mechanisms driving species losses following this extreme disturbance event.</p>
Effects of disturbance on plant regrowth along snow pack gradients in alpine habitats
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Human disturbance in alpine habitats is expected to increase, and improved knowledge of short-term recovery<span> </span>after disturbance events is necessary to interpret vegetation responses and formulate planning and mitigation efforts. The ability of a plant community to return to its original state after a disturbance (community resilience) depends on species composition and environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze initial short-term effects of disturbance in alpine plant communities in contrasting climates (oceanic vs. continental; central Norway). We used a nested block-design to examine vegetative regrowth and seedling recruitment after experimental perturbation. Three plant community types along the snow pack gradient were exposed to (1) no disturbance, (2) clipping, and (3) clipping and uprooting. Slow vegetative regrowth and low seedling establishment rates were found in dry alpine ridges and late-melting oceanic snowbed communities. Leeside habitats with intermediate snow conditions were found more resilient. The difference was related to growth form and species diversity. Woody species, which dominated in ridges and oceanic snowbeds, showed the most negative response to disturbance. Species-rich plant communities dominated by graminoids and herbs showed higher rates of regrowth. Species richness seems to cause resilience to the plant communities through higher response diversity. Plant communities at the extreme ends of abiotic gradients, ridges and late-melting snowbeds, will be most sensitive to both disturbance and environmental change. In an up-scaled human-used landscape disturbance effects will be amplified and further limit recovery to a pre-disturbance state.</span></p>
Ant and termite assemblages along a tropical forest disturbance gradient in Sabah, Malaysia: A study of co-variation and trophic interactions
<b>Description: </b><p>Termite community composition from soil pits and deadwood</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/103"><b>Ant and termite assemblages along a tropical forest disturbance gradient in Sabah, Malaysia: A study of co-variation and trophic interactions</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=38">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 3 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Functional traits</b> (Worksheet Function)</p><p>Dimensions: 36 rows by 3 columns</p><p>Description: Functional traits associated with each genus</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Genus</b>: Genus ID (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Functional.group</b>: Humification gradient (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>Soil pit data</b> (Worksheet SoilPits)</p><p>Dimensions: 954 rows by 35 columns</p><p>Description: Termite community composition from soil pits</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>2nd.order.point</b>: SAFE Project sample site (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Quadrat.number.(in.my.study)</b>: Quadrat number (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date of sample collection (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Pit.number</b>: Pit number within the plot (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time samples were collected (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>No..of.termites</b>: Number adult termites (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>No.juvenile.termites</b>: Number juvenile termites (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Unknown</b>: Number of damaged individuals or individuals that can't definitively be assigned to genera (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Dicuspiditermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Schedorhinotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Prohamitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Malaysiotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Mirocapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Hypotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Procapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Homatermes.undescribed.genus</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Termes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Syncapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pericapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcerotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Macrotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Globitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Lacessititermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pseudocapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Homallotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Oriencapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Oriensublitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Labritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Euramitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Rhinotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Nasutitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Bulbitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Odontotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Heterotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>Deadwood data</b> (Worksheet Deadwood)</p><p>Dimensions: 138 rows by 23 columns</p><p>Description: Termite community composition from deadwood</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>2nd.order.point</b>: SAFE Project sample site (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Quadrat.number.(in.my.study)</b>: Quadrat number (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date of sample collection (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Wood.sample</b>: Wood piece within Quadrat (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time samples were collected (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>No..of.termites</b>: Number adult termites (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>No.juvenile.termites</b>: Number juvenile termites (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Unknown</b>: Number of damaged individuals or individuals that can't definitively be assigned to genera (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Dicuspiditermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Schedorhinotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Homallotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Bulbitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Macrotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Globitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Nasutitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Heterotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Syncapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Malaysiotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Parrhinotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pericapritermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Rhinotermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Aciculitermes</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2010-04-21 to 2010-05-25</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6353 to 4.7520</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9542 to 117.6288</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Isoptera<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aciculitermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - [<i>Euramitermes</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Homallotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mirocapritermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Procapritermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Prohamitermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudocapritermes</i><br> -  -  -  - Rhinotermitidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Heterotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Parrhinotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Schedorhinotermes</i><br> -  -  -  - Termitidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Bulbitermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dicuspiditermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Globitermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Labritermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - [<i>Lacessititermes</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Malaysiotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcerotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nasutitermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontotermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oriencapritermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oriensubulitermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pericapritermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Syncapritermes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Termes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hodotermes</i><br> -  - [Homatermes.undescribed.genus]<br></div><p></p>
The role of competition in structuring ant community composition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient
<b>Description: </b><p>Leaf litter ant community composition and competition</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/34"><b>The role of competition in structuring ant community composition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient.</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=1">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 3 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Ant community composition</b> (Worksheet Composition)</p><p>Dimensions: 430 rows by 69 columns</p><p>Description: Site x species matrix of ant community composition</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Forest Type</b>: Shows the two forest types used in the study (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Site</b>: Represents the site/day sampled. 10 Sampling sites were used in each forest type (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Represents the time in the day points were sampled (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>Point</b>: Represents the column of 3 sampling points for each time of day (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>ID</b>: Represents individual sampling point. Order is: Site(Day)/Time/Type/Sampling point no. Logged ID's also have LF at the start (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Method</b>: Method used to record community (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Diacamma</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Odontoponera</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pheidole</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Leptogenys</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pheidologeton</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Crematogaster</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Odontomachus</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Aphaenogaster</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Acanthomyrmex</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Nylanderia</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Camponotus</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Cardiocondyla</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Anochetus</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Technomyrmex</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Monomorium</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Recurvidris</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Polyrhachis</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Cladomyrma</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Lophomyrmex</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Harpegnathos</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Carebara</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Cataulacus</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pachycondyla</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Lordomyrma</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Myrmecina</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Proatta</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Euprenolepis</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Rhytidoponera</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paratrechina</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paraparatrechina</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Tetramorium</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paratopula</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Strumigenys</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pyramica</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ponera</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Hypoponera</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Tetraponera</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Emeryopone</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Centromyrmex</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Tapinoma</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Myrmicaria</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Rotrastruma</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Prionopelta</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Gnamptogenys</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Eurhopalothrix</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Myrmoteras</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Oecophylla</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Myopias</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Pseudolasius</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Plagiolepis</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Dacetinops</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Mystrium</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Echinopla</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Philidris</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Vollenhovia</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Rhoptromyrmex</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Anillomyrma</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Cryptopone</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Aenictus</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Calyptomyrmex</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Amblyopone</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Prenolepis</b>: Number of individuals (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>Morphometrics</b> (Worksheet Morpho)</p><p>Dimensions: 72 rows by 4 columns</p><p>Description: Size classes for the genera</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Genera</b>: Genus ID (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Size.Min</b>: Minimum body size (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>Size.Max</b>: Maximum body size (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>Competition</b> (Worksheet Competition)</p><p>Dimensions: 866 rows by 15 columns</p><p>Description: Outcome of competitive interactions among individuals of different genera</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Forest Type</b>: Shows the two forest types used in the study (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Site</b>: Represents the site/day sampled. 10 Sampling sites were used in each forest type (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Represents the time in the day points were sampled (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>ID</b>: Represents individual sampling point. Order is: Site(Day)/Time/Type/Sampling point no. Logged ID's also have LF at the start (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Method</b>: Method used to record interaction (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Genera1</b>: Genus ID of the first interacting individual (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Genera2</b>: Genus ID of the second interacting individual (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>TimeG1</b>: The arrival time of the first genus in the interaction to the bait card in seconds (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TimeG2</b>: The arrival time of the second genus in the interaction to the bait card in seconds (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>IntG1</b>: The competitive status of the first genus in the interaction (Field type: Categorical Interaction)</li><li><b>IntG2</b>: The competitive status of the second genus in the interaction (Field type: Categorical Interaction)</li><li><b>Interaction</b>: The type of interaction occuring between the two genera (Field type: Categorical Interaction)</li><li><b>GroupG1</b>: Whether or not the first genus was part of a group of individuals when interacting on the bait card (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>GroupG2</b>: Whether or not the second genus was part of a group of individuals when interacting on the bait card (Field type: Categorical)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2016-02-02 to 2016-06-05</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.7273 to 4.7463</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9669 to 117.5969</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Hymenoptera<br> -  -  -  - Formicidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Acanthomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aenictus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Amblyopone</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anillomyrma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anochetus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aphaenogaster</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Calyptomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Camponotus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cardiocondyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Carebara</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cataulacus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Centromyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladomyrma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Crematogaster</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptopone</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dacetinops</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Diacamma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Echinopla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Emeryopone</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Euprenolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Eurhopalothrix</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gnamptogenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Harpegnathos</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptogenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lordomyrma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Monomorium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myopias</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmecina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmicaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmoteras</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mystrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nylanderia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontomachus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontoponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oecophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pachycondyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraparatrechina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paratopula</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paratrechina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pheidole</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pheidologeton</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Philidris</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Plagiolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Prenolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Prionopelta</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Proatta</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudolasius</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyramica</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Recurvidris</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhoptromyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhytidoponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  - [<i>Rotrastruma</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Strumigenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tapinoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Technomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tetramorium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tetraponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Vollenhovia</i><br></div><p></p>
Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient
<p><strong>Aim</strong><br> The diversity and composition of natural communities are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic disturbances. Magnitude of this compositional reorganization varies across the globe, but reasons behind the variation remain largely unknown. Disturbances induce temporal turnover by stimulating species colonizations, causing local extinctions, altering dominance structure, or all of these. We test which of these processes drive temporal community changes, and whether they are constrained by natural environmental gradients. Moreover, we assess to what degree identity shifts translate to changes in dominance structure.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong><br> Finland</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong><br> Observations 1985-2006, disturbance history >140 years.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong><br> Vascular plants.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><br> We investigated temporal turnover of boreal forest understory in response to disturbance, here forest management, along a soil fertility gradient. We disentangle the roles of species gains, losses and abundance changes in driving temporal turnover in response to and after disturbance by comparing turnover rates in different forest age categories along fertility gradient. We quantify temporal turnover richness-based complement of Jaccard's similarity index and proportional-abundance based dissimilarity index. We also test whether disturbance history or fertility influence the relationship between identity shifts and dominance structure.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><br> We found that the impact of disturbance on temporal turnover depends on soil fertility. The greatest turnover occurred in most fertile forests immediately after disturbance. There, species gains and losses strongly altered dominance structure leading to high turnover, whereas undisturbed old forests and nutrient-poor habitats were characterized by stable dominant species even when the majority of species shifted their identity.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong><br> Our results suggest that human impacts on temporal biodiversity change vary along environmental gradients. In boreal forests, the fertile habitats have higher probability than nutrient-poor sites to change their composition in response to anthropogenic disturbances. Resource availability and disturbance history may thus influence consequences of temporal turnover for ecosystem functioning.</p>
Experimental disturbance and productivity gradients drive community diversity in aquatic mesocosms
<p>Combined effects of disturbance and productivity on ecological diversity have been considered for decades as the dynamic equilibrium model (DEM) but are rarely tested together. Instead, most studies focus on either the intermediate disturbance hypothesis or sometimes the intermediate productivity hypothesis. In addition, most analyses of disturbance and productivity effects have relied on nonexperimental patterns, limited sample sizes, inaccurate proxies for productivity, and/or simple measures of diversity. The DEM operates at regional and local scales; here, we conducted a year‐long experiment at local scales using submersed aquatic vegetation in outdoor mesocosms with a factorial combination of physical disturbance and productivity treatments. We evaluated diversity in several ways, directly measured productivity, and compared alternative hypotheses using model selection. The DEM was supported for effective diversity; both productivity and disturbance effects were clear, though productivity effects were stronger. Other diversity measures for the simple communities in the mesocosms did not clearly reflect treatments. The DEM is a valuable general framework for understanding disturbance and productivity effects on ecological systems and is made more general by minor conceptual adjustments here.</p>
Effects of disturbance on plant regrowth along snow pack gradients in alpine habitats
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Data from: Ant communities respond to a large-scale disturbance along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico, U.S.A.
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Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient
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Data from: Testing conceptual models of early plant succession across a disturbance gradient
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Experimental disturbance and productivity gradients drive community diversity in aquatic mesocosms
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A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients
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Reproductive output--number of flowering heads: Soil Disturbance Gradient
This study is one of six experiments (E086, E103, E104, E105, E106, E107, E108) that test the influence of many factors on the diversity and abundance of prairie plant communities. Each community is a 2.25 meter square plot seeded with the same amount of seeds from 59 different species of plants. The first experiment is a nitrogen-fire-water factorial. The second experiment is a nitrogen-pH factorial. The third experiment is a nitrogen gradient and the fourth experiment is a nitrogen gradient with a diversity of seeds added each year. This experiment (E108) is a disturbance gradient and the last experiment has three levels of soil heterogeneity (variance from the mean) for both nitrogen and pH.
Plant species percent cover data: Soil Disturbance Gradient
This study is one of six experiments (E086, E103, E104, E105, E106, E107, E108) that test the influence of many factors on the diversity and abundance of prairie plant communities. Each community is a 2.25 meter square plot seeded with the same amount of seeds from 59 different species of plants. The first experiment is a nitrogen-fire-water factorial. The second experiment is a nitrogen-pH factorial. The third experiment is a nitrogen gradient and the fourth experiment is a nitrogen gradient with a diversity of seeds added each year. This experiment (E108) is a disturbance gradient and the last experiment has three levels of soil heterogeneity (variance from the mean) for both nitrogen and pH.
Percent light penetration: Soil Disturbance Gradient
This study is one of six experiments (E086, E103, E104, E105, E106, E107, E108) that test the influence of many factors on the diversity and abundance of prairie plant communities. Each community is a 2.25 meter square plot seeded with the same amount of seeds from 59 different species of plants. The first experiment is a nitrogen-fire-water factorial. The second experiment is a nitrogen-pH factorial. The third experiment is a nitrogen gradient and the fourth experiment is a nitrogen gradient with a diversity of seeds added each year. This experiment (E108) is a disturbance gradient and the last experiment has three levels of soil heterogeneity (variance from the mean) for both nitrogen and pH.
Assessing the Ecological Impacts of Biomass Harvesting along a Disturbance Severity Gradient
<p>Disturbance is a central driver of forest development and ecosystem processes with variable effects within and across ecosystems. Despite the high levels of variation in disturbance severity often observed in forests following natural and anthropogenic disturbance, studies quantifying disturbance impacts often rely on categorical classifications, thus limiting opportunities to examine potential gradients in ecosystem response to a given disturbance or management regime. Given the potential increases in disturbance severity associated with global change, as well as shifts in management regimes related to procurement of biofuel feedstocks, there is an increasing need to quantitatively describe disturbance severity and associated responses of forest development, soil processes, and structural conditions. This study took advantage of two replicated large-scale studies of forest biomass harvesting in <i>Populus tremuloides</i> and <i>Pinus bansksiana </i>forests, respectively, to develop and test the utility of a continuous, quantitative disturbance severity index (DSI) for describing post-harvest response of plant communities and nutrient pools to different levels of biomass removal and legacy retention (i.e., live trees and coarse woody material). There was a high-degree of variability in DSI within categorical treatments associated with different levels of legacy retention and regression models using DSI as a predictor explained a portion of the variation (>50%) for many of the ecosystem- and community-level responses to biomass harvesting examined. Nutrient losses associated with biomass harvesting were positively related to disturbance severity, particularly in <i>P. tremuloides</i> forests, with post-harvest nutrient availability generally declining along the gradient of impacts. Consistent with expectations from ecological theory, species richness and diversity of woody plant communities were greatest at intermediate disturbance severities and regeneration densities of dominant trees species were most abundant at highest levels of disturbance. Although categorical benchmarks will continue to be the primary way through which management guidelines are conveyed to practitioners, evaluation of their effectiveness at sustaining ecosystem functioning should be through continuous analyses, such as the DSI approach used in this study, to allow for the more precise identification of thresholds that ensure a range of desirable outcomes exist across managed landscapes.</p>
Data from: Functional responses of multi-taxa communities to disturbance and stress gradients in a restored floodplain
1. Trait-based approaches can reveal the mechanisms through which disturbances or stress impact communities, allowing comparisons of the role of different mechanisms in shaping communities among taxonomic groups. Such information can lead to higher comparability, transferability and predictability of the outcome of restoration projects. However, multitaxa trait-based approaches were rarely used in the context of ecosystem restoration. 2. We investigated the responses to environmental gradients of seven taxa (vascular plants, staphylinid and carabid beetles, spiders, isopods, diplopods and earthworms) in a restored floodplain using a species traits approach. We assessed the impact of flood disturbances and soil hydric stress on the functional diversity (FD) and community-weighted mean (CWM) response of traits for each taxon. 3. Ordination of hydrological variables revealed two main gradients. The first was related to the spatiotemporal dynamics of flood disturbances and the second to the average changes in soil hydric conditions. 4. The analysis of CWM revealed that larger, poorly mobile species with narrow ecological tolerances were filtered by regular floods and/or changes in soil hydric conditions. 5. Functional diversity patterns differed between the two gradients: decreasing with increasing flood disturbance, but increasing along the soil hydric stress gradient. This suggests that the mechanisms shaping community composition differ between the two gradients with environmental filtering being dominant with increasing flood disturbances and competition decreasing with more soil hydric stress. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that the impact of restored flood disturbances and soil hydric stress on plant and invertebrate functional diversity and community-weighted mean can be positive, negative or more complex depending on the taxonomic group and environmental gradient considered. The patterns can to some extent be explained by the specific characteristics of each group. Larger, poorly mobile species with narrow ecological tolerances were particularly vulnerable to changes in disturbance and stress regime following floodplain restoration. These species may therefore be lost in the initial phases of restoration projects, but other more characteristic species of dynamic floodplains will be favoured. Understanding the consequences of these contrasted responses for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning constitutes the next challenge for ecosystem restoration.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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