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14 results for “disturbance simulation”
Disturbance legacies and resilience simulation using an individual-based forest landscape model on the Andrews Experimental Forest
Disturbances are key drivers of forest ecosystem dynamics, and forests are well adapted to their natural disturbance regimes. However, as a result of climate change, disturbance frequency is expected to increase in the future in many regions. It is not yet clear how such changes might affect forest ecosystems, and which mechanisms contribute to (current and future) disturbance resilience. We here studied the 6364-ha HJ Andrews Experimental Forest landscape to investigate how patches of remnant old-growth trees (as one important class of biological legacies) affect the resilience of forest ecosystems to disturbance. Using the spatially explicit, individual-based forest landscape model iLand we analyzed the effect of three different levels of remnant patches (0%, 12%, and 24% of the landscape) on 500-year recovery trajectories after a large, high severity wildfire. In addition, we evaluated how three different levels of fire frequency (no fire, a historic fire return interval of 262 years, and a reduced fire return interval of 131 years) modulate the effects of initial legacies. The study investigated effects of legacies on the resilience of forest ecosystem structure (represented by canopy complexity as described by the rumple index), composition (proportion of late-seral species), and functioning (total ecosystem carbon storage). For each scenario of initial legacy and fire return interval 25 replicates were simulated. More information on the simulation methodology as well as the code and executable used for this study can be obtained at http://iLand.boku.ac.at. The dataset is completed and no further analyses are planned at this point. The results are published in Ecological Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0255.1.
Lower ionospheric disturbances due to geomagnetic storms of March & April 2023: inferred from VLF navigational signals and numerical simulations
<p>This is VLF data used in the research paper as per title</p>
Heliconia-dwelling invertebrate abundances following a simulated hurricane disturbance
<p>Disturbances like hurricanes can affect diversity and community composition, which may in turn affect ecosystem function. We examined how a simulated hurricane disturbance affected insect communities inhabiting the phytotelma (plant-held waters) of <em>Heliconia</em> <em>caribaea</em> in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of eastern Puerto Rico, a tropical island that frequently experiences hurricanes. We hypothesized that disturbance would alter diversity and that larger Heliconia would attract more species following disturbance due to the area-diversity relationship described by the Theory of Island Biogeography. Individual flower parts (bracts) of <em>Heliconia</em> inflorescences (racemes) were artificially disturbed via removal of existing insect communities, then after refilling with water, cohorts of <em>Heliconia</em> were destructively sampled biweekly for six weeks to assess recolonization patterns of α (bract level), β, and γ (summed across bracts; raceme level) diversity over time and across raceme sizes. Although we found no support for our hypothesis about the effect of raceme size on recolonization, our hypothesis regarding recolonization patterns over time was supported; species richness, evenness, and abundance of bracts increased directly after the disturbance and then decreased below pre-disturbance levels, and community composition at the raceme level changed significantly over time during recolonization. β diversity was also greater in smaller racemes compared to larger racemes, suggesting high heterogeneity across bracts of <em>Heliconia</em> racemes exacerbated by raceme size and age. Overall, our results highlight the importance of scale and appropriate measurements of diversity (particularly α) in experiments aiming to extrapolate conclusions about the ecological impacts of disturbances across different habitats and ecosystems.</p>
Heliconia-dwelling invertebrate abundances following a simulated hurricane disturbance
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Data from: Simulated poaching affects global connectivity and efficiency in social networks of African savanna elephants—An exemplar of how human disturbance impacts group-living species
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The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the boreal forest II. - Eurasia model simulations of historical fire disturbance and carbon dynamics (1000-2002).
The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon, and across this region wildfire is a common occurrence. To improve the understanding of how wildfire influences the carbon dynamics of this region, methods were developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal effects of fire into the Terrestrial ecosystem Model (TEM). The historical role of fire on carbon dynamics of the boreal region was evaluated within the context of ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results show that the role of historical fire on boreal carbon dynamics resulted in a net carbon sink; however, fire plays a major role in the interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships. To estimate the effects of future fire on boreal carbondynamics, spatially and temporally explicit empirical relationships between climate andfire were quantified. Fuel moisture, monthly severity rating, and air temperature explained a significant proportion of observed variability in annual area burned. These relationships were used to estimate annual area burned for future scenarios of climate change and were coupled to TEM to evaluate the role of future fire on the carbon dynamics of the North American boreal region for the 21st Century. Simulations with TEM indicate that boreal North America is a carbon sink in response to CO2 fertilization, climate variability, and fire, but an increase in fire leads to a decrease in the sink strength. While this study highlights the importance of fire on carbon dynamics in the boreal region, there are uncertainties in the effects of fire in TEM simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. Future studies should incorporate the role of dynamic vegetation to more accurately represent post-fire successional pr
The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the boreal forest III. - North America model simulations of historical fire disturbance and carbon dynamics (1900-2100).
The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon, and across this region wildfire is a common occurrence. To improve the understanding of how wildfire influences the carbon dynamics of this region, methods were developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal effects of fire into the Terrestrial ecosystem Model (TEM). The historical role of fire on carbon dynamics of the boreal region was evaluated within the context of ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results show that the role of historical fire on boreal carbon dynamics resulted in a net carbon sink; however, fire plays a major role in the interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships. To estimate the effects of future fire on boreal carbondynamics, spatially and temporally explicit empirical relationships between climate andfire were quantified. Fuel moisture, monthly severity rating, and air temperature explained a significant proportion of observed variability in annual area burned. These relationships were used to estimate annual area burned for future scenarios of climate change and were coupled to TEM to evaluate the role of future fire on the carbon dynamics of the North American boreal region for the 21st Century. Simulations with TEM indicate that boreal North America is a carbon sink in response to CO2 fertilization, climate variability, and fire, but an increase in fire leads to a decrease in the sink strength. While this study highlights the importance of fire on carbon dynamics in the boreal region, there are uncertainties in the effects of fire in TEM simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. Future studies should incorporate the role of dynamic vegetation to more accurately represent post-fire successional pr
Data from: Wild boar (Sus scrofa) increases species diversity of semi-dry grassland: field experiment with simulated soil disturbances
Background Foraging activities of wild boar (Sus scrofa) create small-scale soil disturbances in many different vegetation types. Rooting alters species composition by opening niches for less-competitive plants and as a recurrent factor becomes a part of the community disturbance regime. Vegetation responses to wild boar disturbance have mostly been studied in the boar's non-native range or in native forest, rather than in open habitats in the native range. We investigate the response of open European semi-dry grassland vegetation dominated by (Brachypodium pinnatum) to native wild boar pressure in an abandoned agricultural landscape. Methods To describe the disturbance regime, we repeatedly mapped rooted patches during a 5-year period. Additionally, to study the vegetation response, we performed an artificial disturbance experiment by creating 30 pairs of simulated disturbances and undisturbed plots. The vegetation composition of the paired plots was repeatedly sampled five times in eight years of the study. Results Based on repeated mapping of disturbances, we predict that if the disturbance regime we observed during the 5-year period were maintained over the long term, it would yield a stable vegetation ratio consisting of 98.7 % of the grassland undisturbed, 0.4 % with fresh disturbance and 0.9 % in older successional stages. Vegetation composition on the artificially disturbed plots was continuously converging to that of undisturbed vegetation, but these disturbed plots still differed significantly in composition and had higher species number, even after eight years of succession. Synthesis Our results thus show that wild boar disturbance regime in its native range increases heterogeneity and species diversity of semi-dry grassland vegetation.
Simulation output for manuscript Measuring tropical rainforest resilience under non-Gaussian disturbances
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Data from: Wild boar (Sus scrofa) increases species diversity of semi-dry grassland: field experiment with simulated soil disturbances
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Data of GOES X-ray flux, GRACE neutral density, and TIEGCM Simulation for manuscript "On the Relationship between Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances"
<p>There are data used in manuscript "On the Relationship between Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances":</p> <ol> <li>GOES 15 0.1-0.8 nm X-ray flux: "xrsa_g15_20170907-08.mat"</li> <li>GRACE neutral density: "GA_DNS_2017_09_07.mat", "GA_DNS_2017_09_08.mat"</li> <li>Simulation of Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM): other files</li> </ol>
Data from: Simulating regimes of chemical disturbance and testing impacts in the ecosystem using a novel programmable dosing system
Pollution is a global issue at the frontier between ecology, environmental science, management, engineering and policy. Legislation requires experiments to determine how much contamination an ecosystem can absorb before there are structural or functional changes. Yet, existing methods cannot realistically simulate regimes of chemical disturbance and determine impacts to assemblages in ecosystems. This is because they lack ecologically relevant species and biotic interactions, are logistically difficult to set-up, and lack environmentally relevant regimes of chemical and abiotic disturbance that organisms experience in polluted areas. We solved these long-standing environmental, logistical, experimental and ecological problems by developing a programmable dosing-system. This dosing-system simulates, in situ, regimes of chemical disturbance to assemblages by manipulating the concentration, duration, timing and frequency of pollutants to which they are exposed. Experiments with priority pollutants (the metal copper and the biocide Chlorpyrifos) and mussel assemblages revealed consistent plumes of contamination within patches of mussel. Mussels at the sources of experimental plumes of copper created by the dosing-system, accumulated 670% more copper in their tissues compared to mussels 0.5-50 m away. In addition, when mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of copper there was a concomitant increase in the amount of copper in the tissues of mussels. Combining the dosing-system with an established hierarchy of ecotoxicological assays revealed mussel assemblages exposed to copper and/or Chlorpyrifos had 40-70% fewer worms, whilst Chlorpyrifos alone caused an 81% reduction in the number of amphipods and caused mussels to filter 48% fewer particles from the water. Combinations of copper and/or Chlorpyrifos had no effects on the abundance of crabs, the respiratory functions of assemblages or the viability of molluscan haemocytes. As global contamination accelerates we discuss how this technological advance will enable a diverse array of ecologists, mangers and policy-makers to understand and reduce pollution.
Simulation results "Täsch VS" - TreeMig with rockfall disturbance
<p>Text files with results of TreeMig simulations with rockfall disturbance, but without coupling (dat_cellSpp1_neu.txt) and with coupling (dat_cellSpp_xx) for each time step (year given in file name;xx) for the site Täsch.</p> <p>Please contact the author for further information on the files.</p>
Data from: Simulating regimes of chemical disturbance and testing impacts in the ecosystem using a novel programmable dosing system
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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