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30 results for “division of labor”
Behavioral performance and division of labor influence brain mosaicism in the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes
<p>Brain evolution is hypothesized to be driven by behavioral selection on neuroarchitecture. We developed a novel metric of relative neuroanatomical investments involved in performing tasks varying in sensorimotor and processing demands across polymorphic task-specialized workers of the leafcutter ant <i>Atta cephalotes</i> and quantified brain size and structure to examine their correlation with our computational approximations. Investment in multi-sensory and motor integration for task performance was estimated to be greatest for media workers, whose highly diverse repertoire includes leaf-quality discrimination and leaf-harvesting tasks that likely involve demanding sensory and motor processes. Confocal imaging revealed that absolute brain volume increased with worker size and functionally specialized compartmental scaling differed among workers. The mushroom bodies, centers of sensory integration and learning and memory, and the antennal lobes, olfactory input sites, were larger in medias than in minims (gardeners) and significantly larger than in majors ("soldiers"), both of which had lower scores for involvement of olfactory processing in the performance of their characteristic tasks. Minims had a proportionally larger central complex compared to other workers. These results support the hypothesis that variation in task performance influences selection for mosaic brain structure, the independent evolution of proportions of the brain composed by different neuropils.</p>
Supplementary data for: Transcriptomics of mosaic brain differentiation underlying complex division of labor in a social insect
<p>Concerted developmental programming may constrain changes in component structures of the brain, thus limiting the ability of selection acting on individual brain compartments to form an adaptive mosaic independent of total brain size or body size. Measuring patterns of gene expression underpinning brain scaling in conjunction with anatomical brain atlases can aid in identifying influences of concerted and/or mosaic evolution. Species exhibiting exceptional size and behavioral polyphenisms provide excellent systems to test predictions of brain evolution models by quantifying brain gene expression. We examined patterns of brain gene expression in a remarkably polymorphic and behaviorally complex social insect, the leafcutter ant <em>Atta</em> <em>cephalotes</em>. Approximately ~50% of differential gene expression observed among three morphologically, behaviorally, and neuroanatomically differentiated worker size groups was attributable to body size, but we also found strong evidence of differential brain gene expression unexplained by worker morphological variation. Transcriptomic analysis identified patterns of gene expression not linearly correlated with worker size but rather, in some cases, mirroring neuropil scaling. Additionally, we observed enriched gene ontology terms associated with nucleic acid regulation, metabolism, neurotransmission, and sensory perception, further supporting a relationship between brain gene expression and worker social role. These findings demonstrate that differential brain gene expression among polymorphic workers is linked to behavioral and neuroanatomical differentiation underpinning complex agrarian division of labor in <em>A</em>. <em>cephalotes</em>.</p>
Supplementary data for: Transcriptomics of mosaic brain differentiation underlying complex division of labor in a social insect
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Behavioral performance and division of labor influence brain mosaicism in the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes
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The emergence of division of labor through decentralized social sanctioning
<p>Human ecological success relies on our characteristic ability to flexibly self-organize into cooperative social groups, the most successful of which employ substantial specialization and division of labor. Unlike most other animals, humans learn by trial and error during their lives what role to take on. However, when some critical roles are more attractive than others, and individuals are self-interested, then there is a social dilemma: each individual would prefer others take on the critical but unremunerative roles so they may remain free to take one that pays better. But disaster occurs if all act thusly and a critical role goes unfilled. In such situations learning an optimum role distribution may not be possible. Consequently, a fundamental question is: how can division of labor emerge in groups of self-interested lifetime-learning individuals? Here we show that by introducing a model of social norms, which we regard as emergent patterns of decentralized social sanctioning, it becomes possible for groups of self-interested individuals to learn a productive division of labor involving all critical roles. Such social norms work by redistributing rewards within the population to disincentivize antisocial roles while incentivizing prosocial roles that do not intrinsically pay as well as others.</p>
The emergence of division of labor through decentralized social sanctioning
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Data from: Fecundity in fossil Bryozoa: Accounting for colony fragmentation and the spatial division of reproductive labor
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Data from: Save your host, save yourself? caste-ratio adjustment in a parasite with division of labor and snail host survival following shell damage
Shell damage and parasitic infections are frequent in gastropods, influencing key snail host life-history traits such as survival, growth, and reproduction. However, their interactions and potential effects on hosts and parasites have never been tested. Host–parasite interactions are particularly interesting in the context of the recently discovered division of labor in trematodes infecting marine snails. Some species have colonies consisting of two different castes present at varying ratios; reproductive members and nonreproductive soldiers specialized in defending the colony. We assessed snail host survival, growth, and shell regeneration in interaction with infections by two trematode species, Philophthalmus sp. and Maritrema novaezealandense, following damage to the shell in the New Zealand mud snail Zeacumantus subcarinatus. We concomitantly assessed caste-ratio adjustment between nonreproductive soldiers and reproductive members in colonies of the trematode Philophthalmus sp. in response to interspecific competition and shell damage to its snail host. Shell damage, but not parasitic infection, significantly increased snail mortality, likely due to secondary infections by pathogens. However, trematode infection and shell damage did not negatively affect shell regeneration or growth in Z. subcarinatus; infected snails actually produced more new shell than their uninfected counterparts. Both interspecific competition and shell damage to the snail host induced caste-ratio adjustment in Philophthalmus sp. colonies. The proportion of nonreproductive soldiers increased in response to interspecific competition and host shell damage, likely to defend the parasite colony and potentially the snail host against increasing threats. These results indicate that secondary infections by pathogens following shell damage to snails both significantly increased snail mortality and induced caste-ratio adjustments in parasites. This is the first evidence that parasites with a division of labor may be able to produce nonreproductive soldiers according to environmental factors other than interspecific competition with other parasites.
Division of labor for defensive retaliation and preemption by the peripheral and central nervous systems in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae
<p>Contained in this depository are the kinematic data, associated analyses, and original MATLAB code accompanying the paper "Division of labor for defensive retaliation and preemption by the peripheral and central nervous systems in the nudibranch <em>Berghia stephanieae.</em>" </p>
Division of labor and brain evolution in insect societies: neurobiology of extreme specialization in the turtle ant Cephalotes varians
<p>Data associated with the research article, "Division of labor and brain evolution in insect societies: neurobiology of extreme specialization in the turtle ant <em>Cephalotes varians," </em>are contained here. Raw images used to quantify microglomeruli (used raw MG images) and whole mount brain stacks (WM images used), normalized median template brain images and automatic labels generated from them (CV auto) are included as well as spreadsheets that contain brain volume (CV WM data for analysis) and microglomeruli (CV MG data for analysis) data extracted from these images. </p>
Data from: Save your host, save yourself? caste-ratio adjustment in a parasite with division of labor and snail host survival following shell damage
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Data from: Division of labor as a bipartite network
Bipartite ecological networks are increasingly used to described and model relationships between interacting species (e.g. plant-pollinator or host parasite). Here, we apply network methods developed in community ecology to quantify division of labor in insect societies. We consider two quantitative indices (H2' and d') derived from information theory that inform on how much the actual patterns of task performance deviates from the null expectation that workers perform tasks randomly. In addition, we computed network modularity to identify clusters of specialized individuals that are preferentially engaged in the completion of subset of available tasks. We analyzed both simple synthetic networks, varying in size and degree of specialization, and published datasets to introduce the metrics and to show that a bipartite approach provides useful insights into task allocation. Considering division of labor as a bipartite network offers a conceptual framework that could substantially increase our understanding of division of labor in animal societies.
Data from: Division of labor as a bipartite network
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Data from: Task-switching costs promote the evolution of division of labor and shifts in individuality
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Data from: Genetic compatibility affects division of labor in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile
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Nanitic scan sample data for division of labor in incipient Pogonomyrmex rugosus colonies
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Acute depletion redefines the division of labor among DNA methyltransferases in methylating the human genome [methylation]
GEO Series GSE54840. Homo sapiens. 27 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by genome tiling array.
Division of Labor Between PCNA Loaders in DNA Replication and Sister Chromatid Cohesion Establishment [Affymetrix ChIP-chip]
GEO Series GSE138054. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 20 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array.
Single-cell spatial reconstruction reveals global division of labor in the mammalian liver
GEO Series GSE84498. Mus musculus. 26 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Acute depletion redefines the division of labor among DNA methyltransferases in methylating the human genome
GEO Series GSE54843. Homo sapiens. 56 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by genome tiling array; Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.