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414 results for “dolphin”
SJR Dolphin SCA: Degradation Scores, OL Length and Identifications of Otoliths Collected from Bottlenose Dolphin Stomachs
Otoliths were collected from stomach contents of stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) in the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. Otoliths were analyzed by a panel of 3 reviewers to determine the level of otolith degradation that occurred during digestive processes. Otoliths with scores ≤ 3 were measured. Otolith length measurements were used to estimate the size of most species by applying standard regression equations developed from fish species collected from a nearby water system, the Indian River Lagoon, and for one species, equations developed from violet gobies collected from the St. Johns River. These equations enabled estimation of the mass of each prey species in each dolphin’s stomach, then the calculation of their relative proportions of reconstructed mass across all stomachs. For otolith identification purposes, a panel of 4 reviewers assigned each otolith with a family-level and species-level identification. Each identification was given a confidence code ranging from 1 (no confidence) to 4 (certainty). When the average code for all reviewers was < 3, the otolith was considered unidentified. If two of the reviewers agreed with the “weight” reviewer and all gave scores ≥ 3, the score of the outlying reviewer was discarded. Identification was assigned when the average confidence code was ≥ 3. The minimum number of species per dolphin stomach was determined by counting the left and right otoliths for each species separately, using the higher count as the minimum prey number. Unidentified species were counted, and half of their sum was considered the minimum prey number. The frequency of occurrence (%FO, or proportion of stomachs in which a species was detected) and numerical proportion (%N, or proportion of a given species pooled across all stomach samples) of each prey species were then calculated.
Video, image, and supplemental files linked in Burge et al. (2023) "Depredation by Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops truncatus from Antillean Z-traps at Discovery Bay, Jamaica"
<p>Video, image, and supplementary text files linked in Burge et al. (2023), Caribbean Naturalist, 95: 1–25.</p><p><strong>Depredation by Bottlenose Dolphins </strong><i><strong>Tursiops truncatus</strong></i><strong> from Antillean Z-traps at Discovery Bay, Jamaica</strong></p><p>All video and image files referred to in the main text, figures, and tables are available from this repository. See Table 1 and Table S1 for additional details.</p><p> </p>
Changes in the users of the social-ecological system around a reciprocal human-dolphin relationship
<p>This package contains the deidentified data and R code to replicate the quantitative analyses and figures of the scientific article accepted for publication at People & Nature:</p> <p><span>Cantor M</span><strong><span>,</span></strong><span> Santos-Silva B, Daura-Jorge FG, Machado AMS, Peterson D, da Rosa DX, Simões-Lopes PC, Valle-Pereira JVS, Zank S, Hanazaki N. Accepted. Changes in the users of the social-ecological system around a reciprocal human-dolphin relationship. People & Nature.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p><span>Abstract</span></p> <p>1. In contrast to many contemporary negative human-nature relationships, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities have stewarded nature through cultural practices that include reciprocal contributions for both humans and nature. A rare example is the century-old artisanal fishery in which net-casting fishers and wild dolphins benefit by working together, but little is known about the persistence of the social-ecological system formed around this cultural practice.</p> <p>2. Here, we frame the human-dolphin cooperative fishery in southern Brazil as a social-ecological system based on secondary data from the scientific and grey literature. To investigate the dynamics of this system, we survey the local and traditional ecological knowledge and examine potential changes in its main component—the artisanal fishers—over time and space.</p> <p>3. Over 16 years, we conducted four interview campaigns with 188 fishers in fishing sites that are more open (accessible) or closed (restricted) to external influence. We investigated their experience, engagement, and economic dependence on dolphin-assisted fishing, as well as the learning processes and transmission of the traditional knowledge required to cooperate with dolphins.</p> <p>4. Our qualitative data suggest that fishers using accessible and restricted fishing sites have equivalent fishing experience, but those in more restrictive sites tend to be more economically dependent on dolphins, relying on them for fishing year-round. The traditional knowledge on how to cooperate with dolphins is mostly acquired via social learning, with a tendency for vertical learning to be frequent among fishers using sites more restrictive for outsiders. Experience, economic dependence, and reliance on vertical learning seem to decrease recently, especially in the accessible site. Our quantitative analyses, however, suggest that some of these fluctuations were not significant.</p> <p>5. Our study outlines the key components of this social-ecological system and identifies changes in the attributes of a main component, the users. These changes, when coupled with changes on other components such as governance and resource units (fish and dolphins), can have implications for the persistence of this cultural practice and the livelihoods of Local Communities. We suggest that continuous monitoring of this system can help to safeguard the reciprocal contributions of this human-nature relationship in years to come.</p>
Trophic Interactions, Habitat Use, and Pollution Loads of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) in the Florida Coastal Everglades, Florida, USA, 2013-2019
Cetaceans can feed at upper trophic levels and occur from freshwater to open-ocean ecosystems. Due to their abundance, mobility, and high metabolic rates, they have the potential to affect the structure and function of ecosystems through both top-down and bottom-up pathways. To better understand what ecological roles they may play in a system, it is important to understand patterns and drivers of their abundance, habitat use, and trophic interactions. I investigated the trophic interactions and pollutant exposure of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of the Florida Coastal Everglades. Based on bulk stable isotope analysis of tissue samples collected using biopsy sampling, it appears that despite their high mobility, bottlenose dolphins restrict their foraging within the habitats where they were sampled. Trophic position and foraging locations affected exposure to pollutants, with high levels of mercury found in dolphins estimated to forage at higher trophic levels and feeding within an inland bay. Mercury levels also varied with age and sex. Dolphins and their prey both contained substantial mercury levels and dolphins’ health could be impacted by this exposure, but the selenium levels we measured might counteract these negative effects.
Vortex input files -- Ashe et al., "Minding the data-gap trap: predicting the dynamics of abundant dolphin species under uncertainty"
<p>Vortex input file used for analyses presented in:<br> "Minding the data-gap trap: predicting the dynamics of abundant dolphin species under uncertainty", <br> by Erin Ashe, Rob Williams, Christopher Clark, Christine Erbe, Leah Gerber, Ailsa Hall, Philip Hammond, Robert C. Lacy, Randall Reeves, & Nicole Vollmer<br> </p>
Far-field effects of impulsive noise on coastal bottlenose dolphins
<p>Increasing levels of anthropogenic underwater noise have caused concern over their potential impacts on marine life. Offshore renewable energy developments and seismic exploration can produce impulsive noise which is especially hazardous for marine mammals because it can induce auditory damage at shorter distances and behavioural disturbance at longer distances. However, far-field effects of impulsive noise remain poorly understood, causing a high level of uncertainty when predicting the impacts of offshore energy developments on marine mammal populations. Here we used a 10-year dataset on the occurrence of coastal bottlenose dolphins over the period 2009-2019 to investigate far-field effects of impulsive noise from offshore activities undertaken in three different years. Activities included a 2D seismic survey and the pile installation at two offshore wind farms, 20-75 km from coastal waters known to be frequented by dolphins. We collected passive acoustic data in key coastal areas and used a Before-After Control-Impact design to investigate variation in dolphin detections in areas exposed to different levels of impulsive noise from these offshore activities. We compared dolphin detections at two temporal scales, comparing years and days with and without impulsive noise. Passive acoustic data confirmed that dolphins continued to use the impact area throughout each offshore activity period, but also provided evidence of short-term behavioural responses in this area. Unexpectedly, and only at the smallest temporal scale, a consistent increase in dolphin detections was observed at the impact sites during activities generating impulsive noise. We suggest that this increase in dolphin detections could be explained by changes in vocalization behaviour. Marine mammal protection policies focus on the near-field effects of impulsive noise; however, our results emphasize the importance of investigating the far-field effects of anthropogenic disturbances to better understand the impacts of human activities on marine mammal populations.</p>
Data from: Non-invasive age estimation based on fecal DNA using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Age is necessary information for the study of life history of wild animals. A general method to estimate the age of odontocetes is counting dental growth layer groups (GLGs). However, this method is highly invasive as it requires the capture and handling of individuals to collect their teeth.</span><span> Recently, the development of DNA-based age </span><span>estimation methods has been actively studied as an alternative to such invasive methods, of which many have used biopsy samples. However, if DNA-based age estimation can be developed from fecal samples, age estimation can be performed without touching or disrupting individuals, thus establishing an entirely non-invasive method. </span><span>We developed an age estimation model using the methylation rate of two gene regions, <em>GRIA2</em> and <em>CDKN2A,</em> measured through methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) from fecal samples of wild Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (<em>Tursiops aduncus</em>). The age of individuals was known through conducting longitudinal individual identification surveys underwater. Methylation rates were quantified from 36 samples. Both gene regions showed a significant correlation between age and methylation rate. The age estimation model was constructed based on the methylation rates of both genes which achieved sufficient accuracy (after LOOCV: MAE = 5.08, <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.34) for the ecological studies of the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, with a lifespan of 40-50 years. This is the first study to report the use of non-invasive fecal samples to estimate the age of marine mammals.</span></p>
Figure 12 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 12. Odobenocetops leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN SAO 202). Left forelimb in lateral (A) and medial (B) views.
Figure 5 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 5. Reconstruction of the dorsal view of the rostrum of Odobenocetops leptodon. Abbreviations: Fps, fossa for the premaxillary sac; Fr, frontal; Mx, maxilla; NaF, narial fossa; Pmx, premaxilla; Sb, supplementary bone.
Figure 16 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 16. Estimation of the relative positions of various planes of the skull, atlas, and vertebral column of Odobenocetops in order to evaluate the position of the long right tusk relative to the axis of the body.
Figure 15 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 15. Auditory region of Odobenocetops peruvianus, holotype (SMNK PAL 2491). Lateral view (A) and posterolateral view showing the tympanic aperture (B). On B, the outline of the tympanic aperture has been enhanced with a white line. Abbreviations: Ap, anterior process of the periotic; Bo, basioccipital; Eam, external auditory meatus; Fo, foramen ovale; Gf, glenoid fossa; Oc, occipital condyle; Po, paroccipital process of the exoccipital; Ptp, post-tympanic process of the squamosal; Sp, sigmoid process of the tympanic; Tym, tympanic.
Figure 8 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 8. Odobenocetops cf. leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN PPI 249). Periotic in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C), and medial (D) views.
Figure 4 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 4. Odobenocetops leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN SAO 202). Skull in lateral left (A) and lateral right (B) views.
Figure 19 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 19. Approximate curvature radius of a vertical section of the occipital condyle in Odobenocetops peruvianus, Tursiops truncatus and Delphinapterus leucas.
Figure 7 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 7. Odobenocetops leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN SAO 202). Periotic in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C), and medial (D) views. Abbreviations: ac, aqueductus cochleae; ap, anterior process; av, aqueductus vestibuli; dfc, dorsal opening of the facial canal; ef, fovea epitubaria; fc, fenestra cochleae; fi, fossa incudis; fm, fossa mallei (= epitympanic recess); iam, internal auditory meatus; pbf, posterior bullar facet; pc, pars cochlearis (= promontorium); pp, posterior process; slf, sulcus facialis; so, supernumerary ossicles; st, stapes; stf, fossa for stapedial muscle; ts, tractus spiralis; vfc, ventral opening of the facial canal; vr, ventral rim of the anterior process.
Figure 18 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 18. Reconstruction of Odobenocetops leptodon in its inferred environment (painting by Mary Parrish, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA).
Figure 11 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 11. Odobenocetops leptodon, holotype (SMNK PAL 2492). Atlas in anterior (A), posterior (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D), lateral right (E), and lateral left (F) views.
Figure 3 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 3. Odobenocetops leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN SAO 202). Skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and anteroventral (C) views.
Figure 17 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 17. Positions of the head in Odobenocetops leptodon. Maximum flexion (occasional) (A); median position (swimming) (B); maximum extension (feeding) (C).
Figure 10 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 10 Odobenocetops leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN SAO 202). Malleus in posteromedial view (A); incus in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: ast, articular facet for the stapes; cb, crus breve; cl, crus longum; icf, articular facets for the incus; mn, manubrium; pm, processus muscularis; tu, tuberculum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.