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Text-fig. 12. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a, b: photograph and drawing of four ridge scales in front of the dorsal fin base, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 80178, scale bars 5 mm; c: scale rows from the area between the pectoral and pelvic fins, outer surfaces of the scales bear fine ridges terminating as denticles on the posterior edge of the scales, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scale, from anterior area of the lateral side of the body, with denticulated posterior edge, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; e: isolated scale from the pelvic area of the body, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; f, g: drawing and photograph of the postcleithrum and the scales behind the pectoral girdle (the scales bear conspicuous ridges on their outer surface; well preserved large postcleithrum is without ridges.), locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4915, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Pcl – postcleithrum, Scl – supracleithrum. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 12. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a, b: photograph and drawing of four ridge scales in front of the dorsal fin base, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 80178, scale bars 5 mm; c: scale rows from the area between the pectoral and pelvic fins, outer surfaces of the scales bear fine ridges terminating as denticles on the posterior edge of the scales, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scale, from anterior area of the lateral side of the body, with denticulated posterior edge, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; e: isolated scale from the pelvic area of the body, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; f, g: drawing and photograph of the postcleithrum and the scales behind the pectoral girdle (the scales bear conspicuous ridges on their outer surface; well preserved large postcleithrum is without ridges.), locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4915, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Pcl – postcleithrum, Scl – supracleithrum.

Text-fig. 2. The methods of measurements. H – horizontal plane, HB – body height, SL – skull length, TL – total body length, 1 – the angle which the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin forms with the horizontal plane, 2 – the angle which the ventral lobe of the caudal fin forms with the horizontal plane, 3 – the angle which the scale row in front of the anal fin forms with the horizontal plane. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 2. The methods of measurements. H – horizontal plane, HB – body height, SL – skull length, TL – total body length, 1 – the angle which the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin forms with the horizontal plane, 2 – the angle which the ventral lobe of the caudal fin forms with the horizontal plane, 3 – the angle which the scale row in front of the anal fin forms with the horizontal plane.

Text-fig. 11. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated maxilla, cleithrum and supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661; b: left posttemporal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64664; c: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64883; d: anal fin, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529; e: dorsal fin, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Mx – maxilla, Scl – supracleithrum. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 11. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated maxilla, cleithrum and supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661; b: left posttemporal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64664; c: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64883; d: anal fin, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529; e: dorsal fin, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Mx – maxilla, Scl – supracleithrum.

Text-fig. 17. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: the scales of oblong shape on the lateral side of the body, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; b: drawing of the scales with fine denticles on their posterior edge, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307; c, d: drawing and photograph (whitened) of the scales of lateral side of the body, two times large scales occur in the rows 14, 16, 17, 19 (they are marked with arrows), locality Otovice "Černý potok", NM-M 4912; e: lepidotrichia of the anal fin with sigmoidal sutures between the segments (marked by arrows), locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; f: anterior edge of the dorsal fin and lepidotrichia with sigmoidal sutures between the segments, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; g: anterior edge of the ventral lobe of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; h: the caudal peduncle with begin of bifurcation of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 17. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: the scales of oblong shape on the lateral side of the body, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; b: drawing of the scales with fine denticles on their posterior edge, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307; c, d: drawing and photograph (whitened) of the scales of lateral side of the body, two times large scales occur in the rows 14, 16, 17, 19 (they are marked with arrows), locality Otovice "Černý potok", NM-M 4912; e: lepidotrichia of the anal fin with sigmoidal sutures between the segments (marked by arrows), locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; f: anterior edge of the dorsal fin and lepidotrichia with sigmoidal sutures between the segments, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; g: anterior edge of the ventral lobe of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; h: the caudal peduncle with begin of bifurcation of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931.

Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central

Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm.

Text-fig. 5. Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. a, b: photograph and drawing of the left antoperculum and operculum in lateral view, GMC 90, whitened, scale bars 5 mm; c: left preoperculum in medial view, GMC 90, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: left lateral gular in dorsal view, GMC 15, scale bar 5 mm; e: drawing of the right suboperculm of Progyrolepis heyleri in lateral view (after Štamberg 2018: text-fig. 19f), scale bar 5 mm; f: left suboperculum of Progyrolepis heyleri in medial view, GMC 116, scale bar 5 mm; g: left suboperculum of Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. in medial view, GMC 15, scale bar 5 mm; h, j: photograph and drawing of the scale from the midline on the back, GMC 126, whitened, scale bars 2 mm; k: scales on the back of the body and ridge scale in front of the dorsal fin, GMC 126, whitened, scale bar 2 mm. Abbreviations: Aop – antoperculum, Op – operculum. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central

Text-fig. 5. Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. a, b: photograph and drawing of the left antoperculum and operculum in lateral view, GMC 90, whitened, scale bars 5 mm; c: left preoperculum in medial view, GMC 90, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: left lateral gular in dorsal view, GMC 15, scale bar 5 mm; e: drawing of the right suboperculm of Progyrolepis heyleri in lateral view (after Štamberg 2018: text-fig. 19f), scale bar 5 mm; f: left suboperculum of Progyrolepis heyleri in medial view, GMC 116, scale bar 5 mm; g: left suboperculum of Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. in medial view, GMC 15, scale bar 5 mm; h, j: photograph and drawing of the scale from the midline on the back, GMC 126, whitened, scale bars 2 mm; k: scales on the back of the body and ridge scale in front of the dorsal fin, GMC 126, whitened, scale bar 2 mm. Abbreviations: Aop – antoperculum, Op – operculum.

Fig. 5 in New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

Fig. 5. SEM images of microsampled soft tissues of mixosaurid ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani, 1886 (BES SC 1000), Sasso Caldo quarry, Besano, Italy, upper Anisian.. A. Collagen fibres packed in parallel bundles from the leading edge of the dorsal fin. B. Close-up of a single fibre showing very fine striations, interpreted as collagen fibrils. C. A pair of collagen fibres from the base of the caudal fin, still covered by a patch of multi-layered scaleless skin. D. Close-up of the skin layers seen in C. Asterisks indicate locations of the back-scattered electron element microanalysis performed on dorsal fin fibres (E), caudal fin fibres (F), and caudal fin skin (G). The peaks illustrate the relative abundance of each element, with higher intensities indicating greater abundance. Note the enrichment of calcium and phosphorous in the fossilised soft tissue, with some variation in secondary minerals.

Fig. 1 in New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

Fig. 1. General location and geological map of the Monte San Giorgio area. The asterisk indicates the position of the Sasso Caldo site.

Fig. 8 in New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the skeleton and body outline of mixosaurid ichthyosaurMixosaurus cornalianus with the dorsal fin and the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin, as preserved in BES SC 1000 (A) compared to the body outline of the small tail shark Carcharinus porosus (B), which average length is similar to that of Mixosaurus.

Fig. 4. Mixosaurid ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani, 1886 in New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

Fig. 4. Mixosaurid ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani, 1886 (BES SC 1000), Sasso Caldo quarry, Besano, Italy, upper Anisian. A. General view of the specimen showing the position of the dorsal fin (black arrow) and of the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin (white arrow). B. Explanatory drawing showing the position of the dorsal fin (dark grey), skin remains (grey), and neural spines (light grey). C. Close up of the shaft of the dorsal fin showing parallel fibres. D. Dorsal lobe of the caudal fin. E, F. Close ups of the areas of the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin where other fibres and skin remains are exposed.

Fig. 3. Mixosaurid ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani, 1886 in New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

Fig. 3. Mixosaurid ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani, 1886, Sasso Caldo quarry, Besano, Italy, upper Anisian. A. BES SC 1000. B. BES SC 1001.

Fig. 7 in New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

Fig. 7. Stomach contents of mixosaurid ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani, 1886 (A, B, BES SC 1000; C, D, BES SC 1001), Sasso Caldo quarry, Besano, Italy, upper Anisian. A. Cephalopod hooklets (arrowed). B. Enigmatic (neoselachian?) vertebral centrum (arrowed) embedded in the dark material of the decayed stomach. C. Isolated actinistian scale (arrowed). D. Semi-articulated actinopterygian scales (arrowed) embedded in the stomach area. Scale bars 1 mm.

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FIGURE 30. Rhadinacanthus longispinus median fin spines from mature fish, transverse section drawings. 1, 2, posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.4.33 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 30. Rhadinacanthus longispinus median fin spines from mature fish, transverse section drawings. 1, 2, posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.4.33 from the slates west of East Murkle Bay, Caithness: 1, spine showing position of sections; 2, sections 1–8. 3, section of posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.33.2 from North Ronaldsay. 4, section of anterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.11.1 from Broad Taing, Orkney. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 1; 5 mm in 2; 1 mm in 3, 4.

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FIGURE 1 in Pangio bhujia, a new, peculiar species of miniature subterranean eel loach lacking dorsal and pelvic fins from India (Teleostei: Cobitidae)

FIGURE 1. Pangio bhujia; BNHS-FWF 980, holotype, 25.4 mm SL, adult female; India: Kerala: Kozhikode District: Cherinjal.

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FIGURE 5 in Pangio bhujia, a new, peculiar species of miniature subterranean eel loach lacking dorsal and pelvic fins from India (Teleostei: Cobitidae)

FIGURE 5. Pond adjacent to well at type locality from where additional specimens of P. bhujia were collected.

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FIGURE 41. Posterior dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores. A in Phylogenetic systematics of the family Sillaginidae (Percomorpha: order Perciformes)

FIGURE 41. Posterior dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores. A. Sillaginodes punctata; B. Sillaginopsis panijus; C. Sillago (Sillago) parvisquamis; D. Sillago (Parasillago) ciliata. DP, distal pterygiophore; PP, proximal pterygiophore; R, soft ray; STA, stay. Bar = 5 mm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2013View details →

Figure 9. Fouldenia dorsal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 in Styracopterid (Actinopterygii) ontogeny and the multiple origins of post-Hangenberg deep-bodied fishes

Figure 9. Fouldenia dorsal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NMS 1980.40.27; C, NMS 1965.4.3; D, NMS 1980.40.31; E, NHM P61548; F, NHM P61549.