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5 results for “drift invertebrates”
DRIFteRS: A dataset of drift invertebrate densities in streams and rivers across western North America, 1997–2024
Prey availability is among the most influential and highly variable determinants of fish growth and freshwater habitat carrying capacity, yet it remains understudied compared to physical habitat variables (Rosenfeld et al. 2014; Weber et al. 2017; Ouellet et al. 2025). We often lack a clear understanding of how much food is available to fishes, how it varies spatially and temporally, and how it influences responses to restoration (Wipfli et al. 2010; Ouellet et al. 2025; Rossi et al. 2024). Drift invertebrates—the primary food source for juvenile salmonids and other drift-foraging fishes—play a pivotal role in these dynamics. To better understand the spatial and temporal variability of drift invertebrate abundance and biomass across the freshwater range of drift-feeding salmonids in western North America, we compiled the DRIFteRS dataset (DRift Invertebrates For salmonids in River Systems). The dataset encompasses 6,159 samples of drift invertebrates, and, for a subset of drift samples, associated benthic invertebrate density data, collected from 1,360 reaches on 459 unique rivers and streams spanning 55 river basins considered hydrologically independent (i.e., not nested within the same larger watershed) across British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sample sites represent a diverse array of river and stream habitats (e.g., headwater, mainstem, side channel), in watersheds with diverse land uses (e.g., urban, wilderness, agricultural), and disturbance histories (e.g., fire, restoration). Collected between 1997 and 2024, the data span the full calendar year and capture daily and seasonal patterns in drift abundance and biomass densities. When paired with water quality and quantity data as well as remotely sensed environmental landscape data, such as land use / land cover, climate, and disturbance history, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation compo
Interagency Ecological Program: Drift invertebrate and ichthyoplankton catch and water quality from the Sacramento River channel, and Sacramento River floodplain and tidal slough, collected by the Yolo Bypass Fish Monitoring Program, 1998-2022
Largely supported by the Interagency Ecological Program (IEP), California Department of Water Resources (DWR) has operated a fish monitoring program in the Yolo Bypass, a seasonal floodplain and tidal slough, since 1998. The objectives of the Yolo Bypass Fish Monitoring Program (YBFMP) are to: 1. Collect baseline data on water quality, chlorophyll, lower trophic level biota, and fish in the Yolo Bypass to monitor spatial and temporal changes in trends and abundance. 2. Analyze and communicate Yolo Bypass data with interested parties and the scientific and management communities to address pertinent management-related questions. 3. Provide technical expertise on Yolo Bypass aquatic ecology and monitoring and sampling methods. Aquatic and terrestrial insects are an important component in the diet of juvenile and adult fishes within the San Francisco Estuary, including two important native fishes: juvenile Chinook Salmon and Sacramento Splittail. The YBFMP collects drift invertebrates year-round from two sites. Currently, samples are collected biweekly (every other week) to weekly (during floodplain inundation) using a rectangular aquatic drift net that sits at the surface of the water. Invertebrates are identified and enumerated by contractors (currently EcoAnalysts, Inc.). The goals of the monitoring program are to compare the seasonal variations in densities and species trends of aquatic and terrestrial insects/non-insects within the Sacramento River channel and the Yolo Bypass, the river’s seasonal floodplain. Drift invertebrate Key findings to date include: (1) Chinook Salmon sampled in the floodplain had diets comprised of 90% Dipterans and zooplankton, with Chironomidae being the dominant Diptera family (Sommer et al., 2001), (2) The floodplain of the Yolo Bypass contains significantly higher densities of Diptera (Diptera densities being positively associated with flow) and terrestrial invertebrates than the adjacent Sacramento River (Sommer et al. 2001b: Sommer
Growth, metabolism, anatomy, behaviour, invertebrate drift
<ol> <li>Adaptive trade-offs are fundamental mechanisms underlying phenotypic diversity, but the presence of generalizable patterns in multivariate adaptation and their mapping onto environmental gradients remain unclear.</li> <li>To understand how life-history affects multivariate trait associations, we examined relationships among growth, metabolism, anatomy and behaviour in rainbow trout juveniles from piscivore <i>vs</i>. insectivore ecotypes along an experimental gradient of food availability. We hypothesized that <i>i</i>) selection for larger size in piscivorous adults would select for higher juvenile growth at the cost of lower active metabolism; <i>ii</i>) elevated growth of piscivores would be supported by a greater productivity of their natal stream and more proactive foraging behaviours; and <i>iii</i>) general patterns of multivariate trait associations would match the predictions of the Pace-Of-Life Syndrome.</li> <li>Relative to insectivores, piscivorous fry showed a pattern of higher growth (+63%), maximum food intake (+33%), growth efficiency (+41%), and standard metabolic rate (SMR; +47%), but lower active metabolic capacity (maximum metabolic rate (MMR; -17%), aerobic scope (AS; -48%)), suggesting that faster piscivore growth is supported by greater food intake and digestive capacity but is traded-off against lower scope for active metabolism. A similar trade-off appeared among organ systems, with piscivorous fry exhibiting an 83% greater investment in average mass of organs associated with food consumption and processing (<i>i.e.</i> stomach and intestine), but an apparently smaller relative investment in organs involved in cardio-vascular or cognitive activities (heart and brain, respectively). Higher invertebrate drift in their natal rearing habitat, quicker behavioural transition to a novel food source and lower anxiety after a frightening event in piscivorous fry suggest that faster growth requires both proactive foraging behaviours and higher prey availability in the environment. Finally, the sampling of replicate insectivore populations confirmed their lower juvenile growth (-73% on average) and reduced environmental productivity of their natal streams (-45% lower drift abundance) relative to the piscivore ecotype.</li> <li>Our results suggest that selection for large adult body size influences selection on high juvenile growth, high basal metabolism and proactive behaviours, and that the intense phenotypic divergence between piscivorous and insectivorous rainbow trout may be constrained by environmental productivity.</li> </ol>
Growth, metabolism, anatomy, behaviour, invertebrate drift
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Number of drifting and emerging invertebrates under control and predator exposure conditions in an outdoor mesocosm experiment
<p>Predator-prey interactions drive adaptation in aquatic communities, shaping invertebrate behaviour. In response to predation risk, invertebrates may exhibit behavioral changes, such as drifting with the downstream current or altering the timing of emergence to avoid predators. To investigate predator-induced drift behaviour and emergence patterns, we collected drifting and emerging invertebrates from an outdoor mesocosm system (<em>ExStream</em> system) between March and April 2022. The study examined the effects of indirect and direct predation pressure on drift and emergence by recording the number, lowest possible taxonomic resolution, and size of invertebrates. Drift nets attached to the outflow and emergence nets placed over the mesocosms were collected every 24 hours at 4 PM over nine days. Mesocosms were maintained under either control or predator exposure conditions. In the predator exposure treatment, invertebrates were first exposed to elevated chemical cues from fish (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em> and <em>Cottus rhenanus</em>) to simulate indirect predation. On the fifth day after sampling, one <em>Cottus rhenanus</em> was introduced into each predator-treated mesocosm to simulate direct predation.</p>
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