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37 results for “drought experiment”
Drought experiment on aquatic vertebrate populations in McRae Creek, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2022
Three distinct reaches in McRae Creek west tributary (MCTW) within the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon were designated for manipulation and data collection. Manipulations included increasing the temperature (T), reducing streamflow (Q), and a reference (R reach). Population estimates of vertebrates, specifically Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Coastal Giant Salamander, were obtained using three-pass depletion methods in each reach. A Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design was implemented, distinguishing between the "Before" and "After" periods. "Before" surveys were conducted from July 18th to 20th, 2022, while "After" surveys occurred from September 8th to 9th, 2022. During the surveys, each species was identified, noting life stage, and relevant measurements were taken. For trout, these included the length from the snout to the tail fork (Length_Fork_Vent), the snout to the tail (Length_Tail), and weight. In the "Before" survey, all trout were tagged with elastomer tags: red for the T reach, yellow for the Q reach, and orange for the R reach. Trout larger than 80 mm also received PIT tags in their abdominal cavities. Salamanders were measured similarly, not elastomer or PIT tags were applied. During the "After" survey, no new elastomer or PIT tags were inserted; only previously tagged fish were recorded. Additionally, stream cross-sections were surveyed every 5 meters to document stream dimensions. Recorded data included the location, reach, sample date, BACI status, and distance downstream from the upstream cross-section (0 meters). Measurements at each cross-section included wetted width, bankfull width, and depths at five evenly spaced points. Furthermore, pools were identified and measured in each reach, noting the maximum pool depth, depth at the outflow, width, and length. Temperature sensors were installed in each reach, recording stream temperature every 15 minutes. Sensor locations were recorded as the distance downstream from the top of e
Ants in an Induced Drought Experiment at the Caxiuana National Forest in Brazil 2011-2012
Environmental change scenarios caused by low precipitation forecast species loss in tropical regions. We used one year of data from a rainwater exclusion experiment in primary Amazonian rainforest to test whether induced water stress, and covarying changes in humidity, soil respiration, and tree species richness, size, and total biomass and its diversity affected species richness and composition (relative abundance) of ground-dwelling ants. Induced drought reduced ant richness, whereas increased humidity and variability in biomass increased it. Species composition differed between control and rainfall-excluded plots. Occurrence of many ant species was strongly reduced, but some generalist groups of ants were favored by induced drought. The expected loss of ant species and changes in ant species composition in tropical forests likely will lead to cascading effects on ecosystem processes and services they mediate.
Fungal litter mat cover in Cannopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plots responses to canopy opening, hurricanes and drought
Fungi that bind leaf litter into mats and produce white-rot via degradation of lignin and other aromatic compounds influence forest nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Over three and a half years beginning in June 2014, 6 months before the second iteration of the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE), we measured quarterly the extent of white-rot litter mats formed by basidiomycete fungi in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico in response to disturbances – a simulated hurricane treatment executed by canopy trimming and debris addition in December 2014 (CTE0, a mid-year drought in 2015, and two hurricanes 10 days apart in September 2017. Percent fungal litter mat cover ranged from 0.4% after hurricanes Irma and Maria to a high of 53% in forest with undisturbed canopy prior to the 2017 hurricanes, with means mostly between 10 - 45% of fungal litter mat cover in undisturbed forest. Drought decreased litter mat cover in both treatments, except in one undisturbed plot dominated by a drought-resistant fungus, Marasmius crinis-equi. Percent fungal litter mat cover sharply declined after real hurricanes and the simulated hurricane treatment (CTE). We found that solar radiation had a significant treatment effect and was strongly negatively correlated with percent litter mat cover within each of the four climatic seasons. Solar radiation was also strongly negatively correlated with relative humidity, throughfall, rain and litter wetness. However, rainfall was negatively correlated with litter mat cover, possibly due to erosion or saturation during high rainfall events. Canopy opening reduced leaf litterfall rates but did not affect litter mat cover. The main negative effect on basidiomycete fungi that bind leaf litter into mats was lower litter moisture associated with increased solar radiation from canopy opening and high leaf fall during drought. Variation in drought tolerance among basidiomycete fungal litter mat formers provided some resilience to drought. \<para\> Support f
Sediment organic phosphorus mineralization through extreme drought experiment, Poyang Lake, China, 2022
Sediment samples from Poyang Lake before and after the extreme drought were analyzed by FT ICR-MS, and the samples were named Pre-drought and Post-drought, respectively; initial samples from the simulated drought experiment and samples from the treatment groups at the end of the drought were analyzed by FT ICR-MS, and the samples were named Initial, Light, Light+, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed on samples from each bacterial treatment group at the end of the drought and the initial samples, which were named Initial, Micerbe, Microbe+light, respectively.
Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE): High frequency measurements from the northern Chihuahuan Desert site, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA (2013-2023)
The Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE) is distributed across six representative grassland ecosystems of the central United States. EDGE serves as an important research platform for understanding the resistance and resilience of these grassland ecosystems to extreme prolonged drought as well as to changes in precipitation seasonality. This data package contains high-frequency environmental sensor measurements from the northern Chihuahuan Desert site, dominated by black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico.
Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE): High frequency measurements from the southern Great Plains site, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA (2013-2023)
The Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE) is distributed across six representative grassland ecosystems of the central United States. EDGE serves as an important research platform for understanding the resistance and resilience of these grassland ecosystems to extreme prolonged drought as well as to changes in precipitation seasonality. This data package contains high-frequency environmental sensor measurements from the southern Great Plains site, dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico.
DroughtNet: Establishing the International Drought Experiment at Cedar Creek sIDE (savanna IDE) : Aboveground Biomass
Abstract: Droughts are forecast to become increasingly frequent and intense in many regions worldwide, likely impacting community structure, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. The International Drought Experiment (IDE) is a coordinated, multi-site drought experiment requiring only a moderate investment of time and resources by investigators. This coordinated, distributed experiment will quantify the impacts of extreme drought across a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems based on a common experimental design and a comparable suite of measurements. We aim to establish two stand-alone experiments following the IDE design at Cedar Creek. Precipitation reduction shelters will be established during spring 2017 to simulate a 1 in 100 year dry event, which at our site corresponds to removing 43% of annual precipitation. The sIDE (savanna IDE) study will be established in Field D, an oak savanna, and will consist of 3 precipitation treatments (precipitation reduction shelter, inverted shelter as an infrastructure control, no shelter), fully crossed with two fertilization treatments (unamended control or NutNet NPK treatment), and with 5 replicate plots for each of the six treatment combinations, for a total of 30 plots, each 3 by 3 m (2 by 2 m inner area sampled), covered by 3 by 3 m shelters. The three precipitation treatments described above will be applied at the subplot level and fully crossed with the two current irrigation treatments (ambient or ambient plus ~2 cm per week of irrigation) and with two of the current fertilization treatments (unamended or 14 g N m-2), with six true replicate plots for each of the 12 treatment combinations, for a total of 72 subplots. Standard measurements across these two experiments and all other DroughtNet sites will include peak aboveground biomass clipping, soil carbon and nitrogen content, plant community composition from % cover, plant traits, and meteorological measurements (daily precipitation, air temperature). Many
DroughtNet: Establishing the International Drought Experiment at Cedar Creek sIDE (savanna IDE) : Percent Cover
Abstract: Droughts are forecast to become increasingly frequent and intense in many regions worldwide, likely impacting community structure, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. The International Drought Experiment (IDE) is a coordinated, multi-site drought experiment requiring only a moderate investment of time and resources by investigators. This coordinated, distributed experiment will quantify the impacts of extreme drought across a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems based on a common experimental design and a comparable suite of measurements. We aim to establish two stand-alone experiments following the IDE design at Cedar Creek. Precipitation reduction shelters will be established during spring 2017 to simulate a 1 in 100 year dry event, which at our site corresponds to removing 43% of annual precipitation. The sIDE (savanna IDE) study will be established in Field D, an oak savanna, and will consist of 3 precipitation treatments (precipitation reduction shelter, inverted shelter as an infrastructure control, no shelter), fully crossed with two fertilization treatments (unamended control or NutNet NPK treatment), and with 5 replicate plots for each of the six treatment combinations, for a total of 30 plots, each 3 by 3 m (2 by 2 m inner area sampled), covered by 3 by 3 m shelters. The three precipitation treatments described above will be applied at the subplot level and fully crossed with the two current irrigation treatments (ambient or ambient plus ~2 cm per week of irrigation) and with two of the current fertilization treatments (unamended or 14 g N m-2), with six true replicate plots for each of the 12 treatment combinations, for a total of 72 subplots. Standard measurements across these two experiments and all other DroughtNet sites will include peak aboveground biomass clipping, soil carbon and nitrogen content, plant community composition from % cover, plant traits, and meteorological measurements (daily precipitation, air temperature). Many
DroughtNet: Establishing the International Drought Experiment at Cedar Creek tIDE (trait IDE): Aboveground Biomass
Droughts are forecast to become increasingly frequent and intense in many regions worldwide, likely impacting community structure, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. The International Drought Experiment (IDE) is a coordinated, multi-site drought experiment requiring only a moderate investment of time and resources by investigators. This coordinated, distributed experiment will quantify the impacts of extreme drought across a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems based on a common experimental design and a comparable suite of measurements. We aim to establish two stand-alone experiments following the IDE design at Cedar Creek. Precipitation reduction shelters will be established during spring 2017 to simulate a 1 in 100 year dry event, which at our site corresponds to removing 43% of annual precipitation. The tIDE (trait IDE) study will be established in e248 plots in the Big Biodiversity experiment field. The three precipitation treatments described above will be applied at the subplot level and fully crossed with the two current irrigation treatments (ambient or ambient plus ~2 cm per week of irrigation) and with two of the current fertilization treatments (unamended or 14 g N m-2), with six true replicate plots for each of the 12 treatment combinations, for a total of 72 subplots. Standard measurements across these two experiments and all other DroughtNet sites will include peak aboveground biomass clipping, soil carbon and nitrogen content, plant community composition from % cover, plant traits, and meteorological measurements (daily precipitation, air temperature). Many sites will also measure light availability, root biomass, soil moisture, and decomposition rates of tea bags and tongue depressors. Pre-treatment data will be collected during 2016. The experiment is expected to have minimal impacts on Cedar Creek and on other projects.
DroughtNet: Establishing the International Drought Experiment at Cedar Creek tIDE (trait IDE): Percent Cover
Droughts are forecast to become increasingly frequent and intense in many regions worldwide, likely impacting community structure, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. The International Drought Experiment (IDE) is a coordinated, multi-site drought experiment requiring only a moderate investment of time and resources by investigators. This coordinated, distributed experiment will quantify the impacts of extreme drought across a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems based on a common experimental design and a comparable suite of measurements. We aim to establish two stand-alone experiments following the IDE design at Cedar Creek. Precipitation reduction shelters will be established during spring 2017 to simulate a 1 in 100 year dry event, which at our site corresponds to removing 43% of annual precipitation. The tIDE (trait IDE) study will be established in e248 plots in the Big Biodiversity experiment field. The three precipitation treatments described above will be applied at the subplot level and fully crossed with the two current irrigation treatments (ambient or ambient plus ~2 cm per week of irrigation) and with two of the current fertilization treatments (unamended or 14 g N m-2), with six true replicate plots for each of the 12 treatment combinations, for a total of 72 subplots. Standard measurements across these two experiments and all other DroughtNet sites will include peak aboveground biomass clipping, soil carbon and nitrogen content, plant community composition from % cover, plant traits, and meteorological measurements (daily precipitation, air temperature). Many sites will also measure light availability, root biomass, soil moisture, and decomposition rates of tea bags and tongue depressors. Pre-treatment data will be collected during 2016. The experiment is expected to have minimal impacts on Cedar Creek and on other projects.
DPP01 Drought experiment nested within the phosphorus plots experiment at Konza Prairie
We explore how nutrient-altered tallgrass prairie responds to drought. Seven years of nutrient treatments (control, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N+P) resulted in significantly different plant communities. Within this experimental context we imposed a three-year drought followed by three years of recovery from drought. We hypothesized (1) the plant functional types would have different responses to drought; (2) the different community types would vary in their resistance to drought; and (3) the control and P treated plots, where N is limited, will have a greater increase in standing biomass production in the previously droughted plots compared to the non-droughted plots.
Data from a drought experiment on saplings of beech (Fagus sylvatica).
<p>Data from a drought experiment on Fagus sylvatica. We investigated the response of potted saplings of ten provenances of <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L., a major European tree species, to a spring and a summer water-withholding period during one growing season, each followed by rewatering, in a full-factorial design. </p> <p>height measurements are in cm</p> <p>diameter measurements are in mm</p> <p>weights are in kg</p>
Data from: The experimental manipulation of atmospheric drought: Teasing out the role of microclimate in biodiversity experiments
<p class="MsoNormal">Climate change alters mean global surface temperatures, precipitation regimes, and atmospheric moisture. Resultant drought affects the composition and diversity of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To date, there are no assessments of the combined impacts of reduced precipitation and atmospheric drying on functional trait distributions of any species in an outdoor experiment. Here, we examined whether soil and atmospheric drought affect the functional traits of a focal grass species (<em>Poa secunda)</em> growing in monoculture and 8-species grass communities in outdoor mesocosms. We focused on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, stomatal density, root:shoot ratio, and fine root:coarse root ratio responses. Leaf area and overall growth were reduced with soil drying. Root:shoot ratio only increased for <em>P. secunda</em> growing in monoculture under combined atmospheric and soil drought. Plant energy allocation strategy (measured using principal components) differed when <em>P. secunda</em> was grown in combined soil and atmospheric drought conditions compared with soil drought alone. Given a lack of outdoor manipulations of this kind, our results emphasize the importance of atmospheric drying on functional trait responses more broadly. We suggest that drought methods focused purely on soil water inputs may be imprecisely predicting drought effects on other terrestrial organisms as well (other plants, arthropods, and higher trophic levels).</p>
Data from: The experimental manipulation of atmospheric drought: Teasing out the role of microclimate in biodiversity experiments
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Drought and heatwave mesocosm experiment on Canadian Rocky mountain periphyton communities from alpine ponds.
The accelerating rate of global climate change at higher elevations and latitudes is increasing the potential for extreme climatic events. Here, a knowledge gap exists in how the order of exposure to and duration of droughts and heatwaves affect their cumulative impact on aquatic communities. We tested experimentally for the effects of simultaneous versus sequential exposures to drought and heatwave on sediment-dwelling algal communities (epipelon) from small fishless alpine lakes. In both simultaneous and sequential exposure treatments involving drought followed by a heatwave the negative effect of drought offset the negative effect of warming on chlorophyll-inferred algal biomass and taxonomic composition. Reversal of order of exposure (i.e., heatwave followed by drought) lowered their cumulative effect on community structure. These findings highlight the potential for drought events to dominate over heatwaves in altering shallow littoral ecosystems at high elevations under a rapidly warming climate.
Experimentally evaluating effects of postfire drought on establishment, growth and survival of two widespread western conifer species; lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir (greenhouse portion of experiment)
This research seeks to understand how drought following wildfires affects the establishment of two widespread Rocky Mountain tree species, lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. In Yellowstone National Park, warming, drying conditions are leading to increased frequency of severe wildfires that kill existing trees and trigger regeneration of the forest. These trends are expected to continue. Many tree species in Yellowstone are well adapted to fire. Yet, early and abundant seedling establishment after fire is critical for forests to recover. Tree seedlings are particularly sensitive to drought, and evidence suggests that sufficiently dry postfire conditions could cause widespread tree-seedling mortality, with ecological consequences that may last decades. This research will determine how seedlings from two tree species respond to drought conditions expected in the mid-21st century and will identify the physiological mechanisms that drive seedling response to dry conditions. The results of this study will advance understanding of how forests in the western United States will respond to environmental change over coming decades and provide useful information for western land managers who are grappling with increased wildfires.
Photoprotective leaf pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements during a greenhouse drought experiment: An evolutionary perspective on functional diversity in co-occuring willow(salix) species
Thirteen willow (Salix) species occur in southeastern Minnesota and often co-occur within the same wetlands. This high local diversity is challenging to explain since closely related species are often functionally similar and density-dependent interactions such as competition and susceptibility to pests and pathogens should limit their co-occurrence. However, if willow species are partitioning resources, or if they are phylogenetically structured so that closely related species rarely co-occur, then the impact of these density-dependent processes could be reduced. In this study, I examined the role of niche partitioning in maintaining local willow diversity by comparing species physiology in a greenhouse.
Gas exchange, dieback, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content during a greenhouse drought experiment: An evolutionary perspective on functional diversity in co-occuring willow(salix) species
Thirteen willow (Salix) species occur in southeastern Minnesota and often co-occur within the same wetlands. This high local diversity is challenging to explain since closely related species are often functionally similar and density-dependent interactions such as competition and susceptibility to pests and pathogens should limit their co-occurrence. However, if willow species are partitioning resources, or if they are phylogenetically structured so that closely related species rarely co-occur, then the impact of these density-dependent processes could be reduced. In this study, I examined the role of niche partitioning in maintaining local willow diversity by comparing species physiology in a greenhouse.
Drought Impact on Desert Ecosystems, Drought Network precipitation manipulation experiment in desert grasslands
Climate change amplifies the global water cycle, making droughts more frequent and more severe. The hot deserts of the U.S. rely on the stability and frequency of water availability in order to sustain biological communities, making these ecosystems incredibly vulnerable to anticipated alterations in the water cycle. This project seeks to understand which biotic and abiotic variables are principle in determining desert ecosystem sensitivity to drought? To answer these questions, we have installed a drought manipulation that will simulate an extreme drought event by reducing annual precipitation by 66% in seven desert sites. Plant abundance data are collected annually to track changes in the plant community. Data collection began in Spring 2018. Treatments at three Sevilleta sites began in Fall 2018 after data collection in October 2018. Treatments started at four sites in Arizona and California in March and April of 2019 and spring pretreatment data collection. The treatments will last for four years.
Data from: Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment
<p>Synthesis of a large body of evidence from field experiments suggests more diverse plant communities are both more productive as well as more resistant to the effects of climatic extremes like drought. However, this view is strongly based on data from grasslands due to limited empirical evidence from tree diversity experiments. Here we report on the relationship between tree diversity and productivity over ten years in a field experiment established in 2005 that was then affected by the 2018 megadrought in central Europe. Across a number of years, tree species diversity and productivity were significantly positively related, however, the slope switched to negative in the year of the drought. Net diversity effects increased through time, with complementarity making greater continuations to the net diversity effect than selection effects. Complementarity was clearly positive (95 % credible interval) in three and five species mixtures before the drought (2012-2016) but was found to decrease in the year of the drought. Selection effects were clearly positive in 2016, and remained positive in 2018, the drought year in two, three, and five species mixtures. Survival of the Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) plummeted during drought and a negative relationship between species diversity and spruce survival was found. Our findings suggest that tree diversity per se may not buffer communities against the impacts of extreme drought and that tree species composition and the drought tolerance of tree species (i.e., species identity) will be important determinants of community productivity as the prevalence of drought increases.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.