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89 results for “dynamic management”
Characterizing juvenile dispersal dynamics of invasive barred owls: implications for management
<p>Characterizing natal dispersal can help manage the spread of invasive species expanding their ranges in response to land use and climate change. The Barred Owl (<em>Strix varia</em>) is a prominent example of an apex predator undergoing a rapid range expansion, having spread from eastern to western North America where it is now hyperabundant—threatening the Northern Spotted Owl (<em>S. occidentalis caurina</em>) with extinction and potentially endangering many other native species. We attached satellite tags to 31 Barred Owl juveniles at the southern leading edge of the Barred Owl's expanding range in California to characterize natal dispersal patterns and inform management. Juveniles traveled up to 100km from natal territories and experienced high mortality (annual survival = 0.204). At landscape scales, juveniles preferentially used forests, shrublands, and lower elevations during dispersal and avoided grasslands and burned areas. At finer scales, juveniles preferred shorter (younger) forests, lower elevations, and drainages, and avoided unforested areas. Our results suggest the Barred Owl range expansion is being driven primarily by high reproductive rates and densities despite low juvenile survival rates and dispersal through putatively suboptimal younger forests as a result of exclusion from high-quality habitat by territorial individuals. These findings also point to several strategies for conserving Spotted Owls and other native species in the Barred Owl's expanded range, including: (1) creating and maintaining Barred Owl-free reserves bounded by open or high-elevation areas; (2) creating reserves large enough to reduce immigration by long distance dispersers; and (3) removing Barred Owls from large riparian corridors. </p>
Data from: Drought and recovery effects on belowground respiration dynamics and the partitioning of recent carbon in managed and abandoned grassland
<p>The supply of soil respiration with recent photoassimilates is an important and fast pathway for respiratory loss of carbon (C). To date it is unknown how drought and land-use change interactively influence the dynamics of recent C in soil respired CO<sub>2</sub>. In an <em>in situ </em>common-garden experiment, we exposed soil-vegetation monoliths from a managed and a nearby abandoned mountain grassland to an experimental drought. Based on two <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-labelling campaigns, we traced recently assimilated C in soil respiration during drought, rewetting and early recovery. Independent of grassland management, drought reduced the absolute allocation of recent C to soil respiration. Rewetting triggered a respiration pulse, which was strongly fueled by C assimilated during drought. In comparison to the managed grassland, the abandoned grassland partitioned more recent C to belowground respiration than to root C storage under ample water supply. Interestingly, this pattern was reversed under drought. We suggest that these different response patterns reflect strategies of the managed and the abandoned grassland to enhance their respective resilience to drought, by fostering their resistance and recovery, respectively. We conclude that while severe drought can override the effects of abandonment of grassland management on the respiratory dynamics of recent C, abandonment alters strategies of belowground assimilate investment, with consequences for soil-CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes during drought and drought-recovery.</p>
Data for: Coupling dynamic energy budget and population dynamic models to inform stock enhancement in fisheries management
<p><span>Extensive applications of fishery stock enhancement worldwide bring up broad concerns about its negative effects, creating a pivotal need for science-based assessment and planning of enhancement strategies. However, the lack of mechanistic understanding of enhanced population dynamics, particularly the density-dependent processes, leads to compromise in model development and limits the capacity in predicting enhancement effects. Here, we developed an individual-based model based on dynamic energy budget theory and full life history processes, to understand the mechanism of density dependence in population dynamics that emerge from individual-level processes. We demonstrated the utility of the model framework by applying it </span><span>to an extensively enhanced species, Chinese prawn (<em>Fenneropenaeus chinensis</em></span><span>, Penaeidae</span><span>). The model could yield projections reflecting the observed trajectory of population biomass and yields. The model also delineated the key effects of density dependence on the vital rates of growth, fecundity, and starvation mortality. Regarding the manifold effects of stock enhancement, we demonstrated a dampened shape in population biomass and yields with increasing magnitude of enhancement, and trade-offs between the ecological and economic objectives, i.e., pursuing high benefit might compromise the wild population without proper management. Furthermore, we illustrated the possibility of combining stock enhancement and harvest regulation in promoting population recovery while maintaining fisheries yields. We highlight the potential of the proposed model for understanding density dependence in enhancement program, and for designing integrated management strategies. The approach developed herein may serve as a general approach to assess the population dynamics in stock enhancement and inform enhancement management.</span><span> </span></p>
Data and code: Assessing fish-fishery dynamics from a spatially explicit metapopulation perspective reveals winners and losers in fisheries management
<ol> <li><span>Sustainable management of living resources must reconcile biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic viability of human activities. In the case of fisheries, sustainable management design is made challenging by the complex spatiotemporal interactions between fish and fisheries.</span></li> <li><span>We develop a comprehensive metapopulation framework integrating data on species life-history traits, connectivity and habitat distribution to identify priority areas for fishing regulation and assess how management impacts are spatially distributed. We trial this approach on European hake fisheries in the north-western Mediterranean, where we assess area-based management scenarios in terms of stock status and fishery productivity to prioritize areas for protection. </span></li> <li><span>Model simulations show that local fishery closures have the potential to enhance both spawning stock biomass and landings on a regional scale compared to a status quo scenario, but that improving protection is easier than increasing productivity. Moreover, the interaction between metapopulation dynamics and the redistribution of fishing effort following local closures implies that benefits and drawbacks are heterogeneously distributed in space, the former being concentrated in the proximity of the protected site. </span></li> <li><span>A network analysis shows that priority areas for protection are those with the highest connectivity (as expressed by network metrics) if the objective is to improve the spawning stock, while no significant relationship emerges between connectivity and potential for increased landings.</span></li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis and applications</em> – </span><span>Our framework provides a tool for 1) assessing area-based management measures aimed at improving fisheries outcomes in terms of both conservation and socioeconomic viability and 2) describing the spatial distribution of costs and benefits, which can help guide effective management and gain stakeholder support. Adult dispersal remains the main source of uncertainty that needs to be investigated to effectively apply our model to fisheries regulation.</span> </li> </ol>
Characterizing juvenile dispersal dynamics of invasive barred owls: implications for management
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Data for: Coupling dynamic energy budget and population dynamic models to inform stock enhancement in fisheries management
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Temperature and pH dynamics during carcass decomposition and implications for disease management
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Data and code: Assessing fish-fishery dynamics from a spatially explicit metapopulation perspective reveals winners and losers in fisheries management
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Dataset for "Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland"
<p>Data of measurements and model output of the publication "Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO<sub>2</sub> exchange of a managed temperate grassland". https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-27</p> <p>Data consists of micrometeorological data, COS and CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements for a managed temperate mountain grassland in Austria.</p> <p>For additional information please contact: <a href="mailto:Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at">Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at</a></p> <p>changes in version 2: includes extrapolated COS mixing ratios & includes the ustar filter for the flux data</p> <p>changes in version 3: corrected every instance of mixing ratio with mole fraction </p>
Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
<p>Forest production is strongly dependent on nutrient uptake; however, sustainable management of intensively managed plantations requires an improved understanding of this relationship when fertilization occurs frequently across short rotations. Here, we studied temporal nitrogen (N) concentration ([N]) and content (Nc) dynamics under different silvicultural practices (herbicide, fertilization, and planting density) throughout early loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) stand development (5 years). We describe relationships of [N] and Nc of different stand components (foliage, branches, stem, roots, and competing vegetation) with carbon and biomass. Our results demonstrate that [N] of perennial loblolly tissues do not respond to silvicultural practices and progressively decrease through development. While foliar [N] was most responsive to resource availability, it was not consistent across time. Controlling competing vegetation was crucial to promote the use of site resources by the crop tree and increased loblolly Nc by >500%. However, increased N uptake and expedited growth is dependent upon fertilization early in stand development. At age 5,<i> </i>herbicide<i> </i>plus <i>reduced </i>and <i>full </i>fertilization<i> </i>rates exhibited similar aboveground Nc, which was 32% higher than with <i>herbicide only</i>. Increasing planting density resulted in increased above- and belowground loblolly Nc; however, increases in Nc were not proportional with increases in planting density. Net primary productivity and N uptake were linearly related, but age/development strongly controlled N use efficiency. Our study helps to understand complex relationships between N, biomass, and silvicultural practices during early stand development and demonstrates that temporal evaluation of nutrient dynamics is crucial to better understand loblolly pine growth, carbon sequestration potential, and to inform sustainable silvicultural practices across short rotations.</p>
Data from: Quantifying the impacts of management and herbicide resistance on regional plant population dynamics in the face of missing data
<p>A key challenge in the management of populations is to quantify the impact of interven-tions in the face of environmental and phenotypic variability. However, accurate estima-tion of the effects of management and environment, in large-scale ecological research is often limited by the expense of data collection, the inherent trade-off between quality and quantity, and missing data.</p> <p>In this paper we develop a novel modelling framework, and demographically informed imputation scheme, to comprehensively account for the uncertainty generated by miss-ing population, management, and herbicide resistance data. Using this framework and a large dataset (178 sites over 3 years) on the densities of a destructive arable weed (Alo-pecurus myosuroides) we investigate the effects of environment, management, and evolved herbicide resistance, on weed population dynamics.</p> <p>In this study we quantify the marginal effects of a suite of common management prac-tices, including cropping, cultivation, and herbicide pressure, and evolved herbicide re-sistance, on weed population dynamics.</p> <p>Using this framework, we provide the first empirically backed demonstration that herbi-cide resistance is a key driver of population dynamics in arable weeds at regional scales. Whilst cultivation type had minimal impact on weed density, crop rotation, and earlier cultivation and drill dates consistently reduced infestation severity.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: As we demonstrate that high herbicide resistance levels can produce extremely severe weed infestations, monitoring of herbicide resistance is a pri-ority for famers across western Europe. Furthermore, developing non chemical control methods is essential to control current weed populations, and prevent further resistance evolution. We recommend that planning interventions that center on crop rotation and incorporate spring sewing and cultivation to provide the best reductions in weed densi-ties. More generally, by directly accounting for missing data our framework permits the analysis of management practices with data that would otherwise be severely compro-mised.</p>
The paradigm of tax-reward and tax-punishment strategies in the advancement of public resource management dynamics
<p>In contemporary society, the effective utilization of public resources remains a subject of significant concern. A common issue arises from defectors seeking to obtain an excessive share of these resources for personal gain, potentially leading to resource depletion. To mitigate this tragedy and ensure sustainable development of resources, implementing mechanisms to either reward those who adhere to distribution rules or penalize those who do not, appears advantageous. We introduce two models: a tax-reward model and a tax-punishment model, to address this issue. Our analysis reveals that in the tax-reward model, the evolutionary trajectory of the system is influenced not only by the tax revenue collected but also by the natural growth rate of the resources. Conversely, the tax-punishment model exhibits distinct characteristics when compared to the tax-reward model, notably the potential for bistability. In such scenarios, the selection of initial conditions is critical, as it can determine the system's path. Furthermore, our study identifies instances where the system lacks stable points, exemplified by a limit cycle phenomenon, underscoring the complexity and dynamism inherent in managing public resources using these models.</p>
Data from: forest stand dynamics of a short-stature tree species: ecological knowledge for sustainable forest management
<p>This data set is a forest inventory of <em>Nothofagus antarctica</em> in southern Chile. More than 20 sites were selected. In each site, parallel transects were set and every 30 m a sampling point was set where the distance to the nearest four trees (in accordance with the cardinal points) were measured.</p>
Data analysis & code: Quantifying the impact of climate change and forest management on Swedish forest ecosystems using the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS
<p><span>This file contains code to optimize the allometric parameters, to plot the figures, and details of the underlying data analysis in "Quantifying the impact of climate change and forest management on Swedish forest ecosystems using the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS" (Bergkvist et al.). <br></span></p>
Landscape-scale dynamics of a threatened species respond to local-scale conservation management
<p><span>Landscape-scale approaches are increasingly advocated for species conservation but ensuring landscape level persistence by enlarging the size of patches or increasing their physical connectivity is often impractical. Here, we test how such barriers can be overcome by management of habitat at the local (site-based) level, using a rare butterfly as an exemplar. We used four surveys of the entire UK distribution of the Lulworth Skipper (<em>Thymelicus</em> <em>acteon</em>) over 40 years to test how local habitat influences population density and colonization / extinction dynamics, and parameterized, validated and applied a metapopulation model to simulate effects of varying local habitat quality on regional persistence. We found the total number of populations in four distribution snapshots between 1978 and 2017 varied between 59–84, and from 1997 to 2017, 34% of local populations showed turnover (colonization or extinction). Population density was closely linked to vegetation characteristics indicative of management, namely height and food plant frequency, both of which changed through time. Simulating effects of habitat quality on metapopulation dynamics 40 years into the future suggests coordinated changes to two key components of quality (vegetation height and food plant frequency) would increase patch occupancy above the range observed in the past 40 years (50–80%). In contrast, deterioration of either component below threshold levels leads to metapopulation retraction to core sub-networks of patches, or eventual extirpation. Our results indicate that changes to habitat quality can overcome constraints imposed by habitat patch area and spatial location on relative rates of colonization and local extinction, demonstrating the sensitivity of regional dynamics to targeted in situ management. Local habitat management therefore plays a key role in landscape-scale conservation. Monitoring of population density, and the monitoring and management of local (site-level) habitat quality, therefore represent effective and important components of conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes.</span></p>
Data for: Effects of habitat management on rodent diversity, abundance, and virus infection dynamics
<p>As anthropogenic factors continue to degrade natural areas, habitat management is needed to restore and maintain biodiversity. However, the impacts of different habitat management regimes on ecosystems have largely focused on vegetation analyses, with limited evaluation of downstream effects on wildlife. We compared the effects of grassland management regimes (prescribed burning, cutting/haying, or no active management) on rodent communities and the viruses they hosted. Rodents were trapped in 13 existing grassland sites in Northwest Arkansas, USA during 2020 and 2021. Rodent blood samples were screened for antibodies against three common rodent-borne virus groups: orthohantaviruses, arenaviruses, and orthopoxviruses. We captured 616 rodents across 5953 trap nights. Burned and unmanaged sites had similarly high abundance and diversity, but burned sites had a higher proportion of grassland species than unmanaged sites; cut sites had the highest proportion of grassland species but the lowest rodent abundance and diversity. A total of 38 rodents were seropositive for one of the three virus groups (34 orthohantavirus, three arenavirus, and one orthopoxvirus). Thirty-six seropositive individuals were found in burned sites, and two orthohantavirus-seropositive individuals were found in cut sites. Cotton rats and prairie voles, two grassland species, accounted for 97% of the rodents seropositive for orthohantavirus. Our study indicates that prescribed burns lead to a diverse and abundant community of grassland rodent species when compared to other management regimes; as keystone taxa, these results also have important implications for many other species in food webs. Higher prevalence of antibodies against rodent-borne viruses in burned prairies shows an unexpected consequence likely resulting from robust host population densities supported by the increased habitat quality of these sites. Ultimately, these results provide empirical evidence that can inform grassland restoration and ongoing management strategies.</p>
Supplementary material/Organic carbon dynamics in clay soils: impact of management practices on microorganism structure and abundance under semi-arid conditions
<p>Proper management of soil organic matter in arid and semi-arid regions improves organic carbon storage in the soil, helps in compact soil degradation, and mitigates climate change impacts, and preserves ecosystem functionality and sustainability food security. This study aims to provide a better insight into the biogeochemical processes that drive the organic carbon dynamics of saline clay soil in a semi-arid climate. The study is not intended to be exhaustive but contributes to analyzing the relationship between bacterial microflora, physicochemical properties, and organic carbon dynamics as a function of different soil management modes. The monitoring was carried out on three different plots located at the National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria. A physicochemical characterization of the soils was performed. A metagenomic study was also conducted to identify bacterial biodiversity using PCR-amplified DNA sequencing. The study results show that the control plot has the highest average organic carbon stock value at 47 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. This was followed by the amended plot and the conventional plot, respectively, with 43 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> and 38 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. In the context of this study, organic carbon dynamics would appear to depend on the interaction of several biotic and abiotic factors. Soil management methods would impact the density and diversity of bacterial microflora. This, in turn, affects the soil's physicochemical properties and, more specifically, organic carbon dynamics and storage.</p>
Dynamic Data-Driven Management of Atrial Fibrillation Using Implantable Cardiac Monitors: The MONITOR-AF Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06352060. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
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Data from:Climate-specific dynamics of fall armyworm on maize: Implications for pest monitoring and management
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.