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25 results for “dynamic population density”
Рис. 1. Δинамика чисΛенности меΛких мΛекопитающих в Цасучейском бору: 1 — суммарная чисΛенность (особей / 100 циΛинΑро-суток); Αоминирующие виΑы: 2 — забайкаΛьский хомячок, 3 — бурозубка тунΑряная, 4 — бурозубка крошечная, 5 — поΛёвка монгоΛьская, 6 — поΛёвка РаΑΑе, 7 — красная поΛёвка; A — остепнённый сосняк, B — первичная гарь, С — старая гарь, D — повторная гарь; стреΛка указывает время прохожΑения пожара. Ось X — гг., ось Y — чисΛенность Fig. 1. Population dynamics of small mammals in the Tsasucheysky Pine Forest: 1 — total abundance (individuals / 100 cylinder-days); dominant species: 2 — Cricetulus pseudogriseus, 3 — Sorex tundrensis, 4 — S. minutissimus, 5 — Alexandromys mongolicus, 6 — Lasiopodomys raddei, 7 — Myodes rutilus; A — steppe pine forest, B — primary burns site, С — old burns site; D — repeated burns site; the arrow indicates the time of the fire. The X-axis shows years; the Y-axis shows population density in Population dynamics of small mammals after spring fires in steppe pine forest
Рис. 1. Δинамика чисΛенности меΛких мΛекопитающих в Цасучейском бору: 1 — суммарная чисΛенность (особей / 100 циΛинΑро-суток); Αоминирующие виΑы: 2 — забайкаΛьский хомячок, 3 — бурозубка тунΑряная, 4 — бурозубка крошечная, 5 — поΛёвка монгоΛьская, 6 — поΛёвка РаΑΑе, 7 — красная поΛёвка; A — остепнённый сосняк, B — первичная гарь, С — старая гарь, D — повторная гарь; стреΛка указывает время прохожΑения пожара. Ось X — гг., ось Y — чисΛенность Fig. 1. Population dynamics of small mammals in the Tsasucheysky Pine Forest: 1 — total abundance (individuals / 100 cylinder-days); dominant species: 2 — Cricetulus pseudogriseus, 3 — Sorex tundrensis, 4 — S. minutissimus, 5 — Alexandromys mongolicus, 6 — Lasiopodomys raddei, 7 — Myodes rutilus; A — steppe pine forest, B — primary burns site, С — old burns site; D — repeated burns site; the arrow indicates the time of the fire. The X-axis shows years; the Y-axis shows population density
Data from: An open spatial capture–recapture model for estimating density, movement, and population dynamics from line-transect surveys
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Data from: Dispersal patterns in a medium-density Irish badger population: implications for understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission.
<p>European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>) are group-living mustelids implicated in the spread of bovine tuberculosis (TB)<i> </i>to cattle and act as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. In badgers, only a minority of individuals disperse from their natal social group. However, dispersal may be extremely important for the spread of TB, as dispersers could act as hubs for disease transmission. We monitored a population of 139 wild badgers over seven years in a medium-density population (1.8 individuals/ km<sup>2</sup>). GPS-tracking collars were applied to 80 different individuals. Of these, we identified 25 dispersers, 14 of which were wearing collars as they dispersed. This allowed us to record the process of dispersal in much greater detail than ever before. We show that dispersal is an extremely complex process, and measurements of straight-line distance between old and new social groups can severely underestimate how far dispersers travel. Assumptions of straight-line travel can also underestimate direct and indirect interactions and the potential for disease transmission. For example, one female disperser which eventually settled 1.5 km from her natal territory travelled 308 km and passed through 22 different territories during dispersal. Knowledge of badgers'ranging behaviour during dispersal is crucial to understanding the dynamics of TB transmission, and for designing appropriate interventions, such as vaccination.</p>
Data from: Density matters: How population dynamics of house mice (Mus musculus) inform the epidemiology of Leptospira
<p>Rodents are maintenance hosts of numerous pathogens, and both their density and the pathogen prevalence determine the risk they pose to other animals or humans. However, density is often overlooked. We investigated a capture-mark-recapture-sampling strategy to study introduced mice (<em>Mus musculus</em>) and <em>Leptospira</em> as a model and demonstrate the advantages of a combined approach. We estimated population density and <em>Leptospira</em> prevalence in mice in a replicated longitudinal survey conducted between 2016 and 2018. Capture-mark-recapture sessions were undertaken at two sites in Spring and Autumn and blood and kidney samples were collected at the end of each session. Mouse density and areas of activity were estimated using spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models and both were compared between <em>Leptospira</em> positive and negative mice. <em>Leptospira </em>exposure and shedding status were estimated using Microscopic Agglutination Test, and a combination of culture and <em>lipL32</em> PCR on kidneys. <em>Leptospira </em>prevalence was higher in spring (83% to 86%) than in autumn (31% to 37%) and mouse densities simultaneously varied from 3.6 to 55.9/ha. However, despite these variations in prevalence and density, the density of infected animals remained relatively constant over time (3 to 8/ha). Shedding or being seropositive was also associated with the activity of mice. Shedding or seropositive mice had a larger activity area, and seropositive mice were trapped on average one day earlier than seronegative mice. </p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our results show how understanding the population dynamics of pathogen-carrying rodents is critical in epidemiology. The wider movement patterns and easier encounters of positive mice highlight the possibility of biases in classical prevalence surveys and have implications for disease transmission within and between species. Importantly, and quite counter-intuitively, <em>Leptospira</em> prevalence was negatively associated with mouse density, resulting in a constant density of shedders that contradicts the conventional view of higher exposure risk at high rodent density. More broadly, such hybrid sampling designs can improve animal and disease control policies and better inform modelling studies by providing more parameter estimates than classical prevalence surveys.</p>
Data for: Ectoparasite population dynamics affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32-year long time series
<p>Host density, host body size, and ambient temperature have all been positively associated with increases in parasite infection. However, the relative importance of these factors in shaping long-term parasite population dynamics in wild host populations is unknown due to the absence of long-term studies. Here, we examine long-term drivers of gill lice (Copepoda) infections in Arctic charr (Salmonidae) over 32 years. We predicted that host density and body size and water temperature would all positively affect parasite population size and population growth rate. Our results show that fish size was the main driver of gill lice infections in Arctic charr. In addition, Arctic charr became infected at smaller sizes and with more parasites in years of higher brown trout population size. Negative intraguild interactions between brown trout and Arctic charr appear to drive smaller Arctic charr to seek refuge in deeper areas of the lake, thus increasing infection risk. There was no effect of host density on the force of infection, and the relationship between Arctic charr density and parasite mean abundance was negative, possibly due to an encounter-dilution effect. The population densities of host and parasite fluctuated independently of one another. Water temperature had negligible effects on the temporal dynamics of the gill lice population. Understanding long-term drivers of parasite population dynamics is key for research and management. In fish farms, artificially high densities of hosts lead to vast increases in the transmission of parasitic copepods. However, in wild fish populations fluctuating at natural densities, the surface area available for copepodid attachment might be more important than the density of available hosts.</p>
Density dependence of seed dispersal and fecundity profoundly alters the spread dynamics of plant populations
<ol> <li>Plant population spread has fundamental ecological and evolutionary importance. Both determinants of plant population spread, fecundity and dispersal, can be density-dependent, which should cause feedback between population densities and spread dynamics. Yet it is poorly understood how density-dependence affects key characteristics of spread: spread rate at which the location of the furthest forward individual moves, edge depth (the geographical area over which individuals contribute to spread) and population continuity (occupancy of the spreading population).</li> <li>We present a general modelling framework for analysing the effects of density-dependent fecundity and dispersal on population spread and parameterize this framework with experimental data from a common-garden experiment using five wind-dispersed plant species grown at different densities. </li> <li>Our model shows that density-dependent fecundity and dispersal strongly affect all three population spread characteristics for both exponential and lognormal dispersal kernels. Spread rate and edge depth are strongly correlated but show weaker correlations with population continuity. Positive density-dependence of fecundity increases all three spread characteristics. Increasingly positive density-dependence of dispersal increases spread rate and edge depth but generally decreases population continuity. Density-dependent fecundity and dispersal are largely additive in their effect on spread characteristics. For population continuity, the joint effects of density-dependent fecundity and dispersal are somewhat contingent on the dispersal kernel.</li> <li>The common-garden experiment and the experimentally parameterized mechanistic dispersal model revealed density-dependent fecundity and dispersal across study species. All study species exhibited negative density-dependent fecundity, but they differed qualitatively in the density-dependence of dispersal distance and probability of long-distance dispersal. The negative density-dependence of fecundity and dispersal found for three species reinforced each other in reducing spread rate and edge depth. The positively density-dependent dispersal found for two species markedly increased spread rate and edge depth. Population continuity was hardly affected by population density in all study species except Crepis sancta in which it was strongly reduced by negatively density-dependent fecundity.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>. Density-dependent fecundity and seed dispersal profoundly alter population spread. In particular, positively density-dependent dispersal should promote the spread and genetic diversity of plant populations migrating under climate change but also complicate the control of invasive species.</li> </ol>
A Great Escape: resource availability and density-dependence shape population dynamics along trailing range edges
<p>Populations along geographical range limits are often exposed to unsuitable climate and low resource availability relative to core populations. As such, there has been a renewed focus on understanding the factors that determine range limits to better predict how species will respond to global change. Using recent theory on range limits and classical understanding of density dependence, we evaluated the influence of resource availability on the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus along its trailing range edge. We estimated variation in population density, habitat use, survival, and parasite loads to test the Great Escape Hypothesis (GEH), i.e. that density dependence determines, in part, a species' persistence along trailing edges. We found that variability in resource availability affected density and population fluctuations and led to trade-offs in survival for snowshoe hare populations in the northeastern USA. Hares living in resource-limited environments had lower and less variable population density, yet higher survival and lower parasitism compared to populations living in resource-rich environments. We suggest that density-dependent dynamics, elicited by resource availability, provide hares a unique survival advantage and partly explain persistence along their trailing edge. We hypothesize that this low-density escape from predation and parasitism occurs for other prey species along trailing edges, but the extent to which it occurs is likely conditional on the quality of matrix habitat. Our work indicates that biotic factors play an important role in shaping species' trailing edges and more detailed examination of non-climatic factors is warranted to better inform conservation and management decisions.</p>
Data for: Ectoparasite population dynamics affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32-year long time series
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Data from: Dispersal patterns in a medium-density Irish badger population: implications for understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Density dependence of seed dispersal and fecundity profoundly alters the spread dynamics of plant populations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A Great Escape: resource availability and density-dependence shape population dynamics along trailing range edges
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Density matters: How population dynamics of house mice (Mus musculus) inform the epidemiology of Leptospira
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
When more is not merrier: using wild population dynamics to understand the effect of density on ex situ seahorse mating behaviors
Seahorses are one of the most iconic examples of a monogamous species in the animal kingdom. Documenting monogamous behaviors of seahorses have proven to be quite complicated to study in the wild because of their low population densities and cryptic habits. Another challenge involves interpreting these behaviors in captivity because recreating realistic densities of wild populations in the laboratory can be difficult due to their patchy distributions. This study investigates the relationship between stocking density and mating and competitive behavior from the context of the field biology of the dwarf seahorse, Hippocampus zosterae (Jordan & Gilbert). Animals were housed in 38 liter tanks at a range of densities and sex ratios (from 2-8 animals per tank), and their reproductive and other social behaviors were monitored from tank introduction through copulation. At low tank densities and even sex ratios but comparatively high field densities, activity level in trials was low. A higher level of males in tanks across all densities increased competition, activity levels, and aggression leading to partial egg transfers and failed pregnancies, resulting in lower reproductive success. Across seahorse species, mean and maximum wild densities were consistently lower than those used in captive breeding, with adult sex ratios that were significantly female biased. However, significant variation exists in wild seahorse densities across species, with higher densities detected in focal/mark recapture studies and on artificial habitat structures than reported with belt transect sampling techniques. Interchange of knowledge gained in both captive and wild contexts will allow us to better understand the biology of this genus, and improve reproduction in captivity. Interpreting captive reproductive behaviors of seahorses within various densities reported from natural populations will help us predict the impact of conservation efforts and increase the likelihood of long-term persistence of populations for this threatened genus.
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of density-dependent dispersal during a population colonisation
Predicting population colonisations requires understanding how spatio-temporal changes in density affect dispersal. Density can inform on fitness prospects, acting as a cue for either habitat quality, or competition over resources. However, when escaping competition, high local density should only increase emigration if lower-density patches are available elsewhere. Few empirical studies on dispersal have considered the effects of density at the local and landscape scale simultaneously. To explore this, we analyze 5 years of individual-based data from an experimental introduction of wild guppies Poecilia reticulata. Natal dispersal showed a decrease in local density dependence as density at the landscape level increased. Landscape density did not affect dispersal among adults, but local density-dependent dispersal switched from negative (conspecific attraction) to positive (conspecific avoidance), as the colonisation progressed. This study demonstrates that densities at various scales interact to determine dispersal, and suggests that dispersal trade-offs differ across life stages.
Estimation of worker population size-density by nest counting in the Asian weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and it's dynamic in oil palm plantations industry
<p>Supplementary material-information supporting the article of research related to the Asian weaver ant population size-density in the oil palm plantations. The findings suggested an abundant numerical amount of individual workers per colony. The weaver ant were self-sustainable surviving during long years i.e. more than 20 years. This is the first study carried out on a large scale in oil palm plantation directly in the field by gathering only empirical data and monitor the population dynamic on a long term basis. </p>
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of a fish predator: density-dependent and hydrographic effects on Baltic Sea cod population
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Data from: Intra- and interspecific density dependence mediates weather effects on the population dynamics of a plant-insect herbivore system
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When more is not merrier: using wild population dynamics to understand the effect of density on ex situ seahorse mating behaviors
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of density-dependent dispersal during a population colonisation
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Data from: A shift from exploitation to interference competition with increasing density affects population and community dynamics
Intraspecific competition influences population and community dynamics and occurs via two mechanisms. Exploitative competition is an indirect effect that occurs through use of a shared resource and depends on resource availability. Interference competition occurs by obstructing access to a resource and may not depend on resource availability. Our study tested whether the strength of interference competition changes with protozoa population density. We grew experimental microcosms of protozoa and bacteria under different combinations of protozoan density and basal resource availability. We then solved a dynamic predator–prey model for parameters of the functional response using population growth rates measured in our experiment. As population density increased, competition shifted from exploitation to interference, and competition was less dependent on resource levels. Surprisingly, the effect of resources was weakest when competition was the most intense. We found that at low population densities, competition was largely exploitative and resource availability had a large effect on population growth rates, but the effect of resources was much weaker at high densities. This shift in competitive mechanism could have implications for interspecific competition, trophic interactions, community diversity, and natural selection. We also tested whether this shift in the mechanism of competition with protozoa density affected the structure of the bacterial prey community. We found that both resources and protozoa density affected the structure of the bacterial prey community, suggesting that competitive mechanism may also affect trophic interactions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.