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26 results for “dynamics of fracture”
Investigation of Dynamic Fracture of Elastomers - I
<p>Dynamic fracture of a Poly Urethane elastomer has been investigated. Pure shear samples made of Poly Urethane have been used for this experimental work. The samples are 200 mm long, 40 mm tall and 3 mm thick.</p> <p>The test protocol involves stretching the sample first to the required strain level and then introducing a seed crack into the specimen. The seed crack then propagates through the specimen thereby breaking it into two pieces. The two steps are recorded by two cameras - a High Resolution (HR) camera to record the initial stretching and a High Speed (HS) camera to record the fracture process.</p> <p>The data set contains the initial loading (stretching) and fracture images of the experiment. The experiments have been performed by Thomas Corre and Michel Coret.</p> <p>The compressed folder consists of folders named according to the initial stretch level. For example L17 would indicate an initial stretch ratio (\lambda_y) of 1.7.</p>
Supplementary data for "Molecular-scale thermally activated fractures in methane hydrates: A molecular dynamics study"
<p>In this dataset you can find</p> <p>- a data sample that can be used to confirm the plots in the paper. This can be found in the folder "data_sample". Each folder inside "data_sample" is one simulation. It contains the thermodynamic output from the simulation (log.lammps), and the input script (mw_hydrate_pennycrack.in) and input data (s1_unit_cell_mw.data and water_methane_hydrate.sw) that enables rerunning the simulation using LAMMPS.</p> <p>- A custom LAMMPS region, region_ellipsoid. This has to be compiled into LAMMPS in order to create the systems that we simulate.</p> <p>- A python script, plot_data.py, that shows how to extract the relevant data from the lammps log files, which enables the partial reproduction of figure 3 in the paper. See instructions below for requirements to use this script.</p> <p> </p> <p>"region_ellipsoid" and "data_sample" are in zip containers. In order to use them, please unzip them and leave the resulting folders in the same directory as this README file.</p> <p> </p> <p>Installation instructions to make "plot_data.py" work (assuming you already have numpy and matplotlib):</p> <p>> pip3 install git+https://github.com/henriasv/regex-file-collector.git</p> <p>> pip3 install git+https://github.com/henriasv/lammps-logfile.git</p> <p> </p> <p>If this does not work, please contact Henrik Andersen Sveinsson, henriasv@fys.uio.no</p>
Multi-scale Fractures and Water Invasion Dynamics in Buried-Hill Bedrock Gas Reservoirs of the Jianbei Slope, Qaidam Basin, China
<p>In this study, efforts are made to comprehensively analyze the multi-scale fracture development, the dynamic water intrusion, and the favorable remaining gas areas in the ancient buried-hill bedrock gas reservoir in the Jianbei slope of the Qaidam Basin, based on integrated analyses of thin sections, FMI imaging logging, three-dimensional seismic data, and dynamic production data. Fractures in the bedrock are demonstrated to be controlled by tectonic stress, magma intrusion, hydrothermal activity, and weathering and leaching. The complex fracture genesis leads to differences in the scale and type of bedrock fractures with multiple scales and high angles. The dip angle of the fracture gradually increases from the unconformity on the top of the bedrock downward inside the bedrock. Meanwhile, the dip angle may decrease from the center to both sides due to the difference in the fracture strength of the fault zone. Fractures are mostly near-east-west oriented and they normally intersect with the ground stress at an acute angle. Effective fractures can provide advantageous seepage channels for fluids. Formation water is demonstrated to rapidly channel through large-scale fractures while laterally invading through small-scale fractures in the gas reservoir. The western area of the reservoir is featured by intensive water invasion, rapid pressure drop, and fast production decline, while the eastern area is characterized by weak water invasion as well as relatively stable pressure and productivity. Three relatively independent water-seal gas systems with JB1-3, JBH1-3 and J3 Wells as the center are formed, and the remaining gas is enriched.</p>
Supplementary data for "Molecular dynamics study of confined water in the periclase-brucite system under conditions of reaction-induced fracturing"
<p>In this dataset you can find sample data from periclase and brucite simulations and python scripts that can be used to confirm the plots in the paper.</p> <ul> <li>"bruciteSimualtions" and "periclaseSimualtions" contains the simulations where the mineral in contact with water is either brucite or periclase. Within each of these two folders, there are two subfolders, "waterProperties" and "waterThickness". <ul> <li>The data in "waterProperties" is used to calculate water properties. Each folder inside "simulations" represent one simulation.</li> <li>The data in "waterThickness" is used to calculate the change in water film thickness with time under different conditions. The simulations are run for either 3 ns or 10 ns. Each folder inside "simulations_Xns" represent one simulation.</li> </ul> </li> <li>For each folder containing one simulations, we provide: <ul> <li>NAME.run: The input script</li> <li>NAME.data: The input data</li> <li>job.sh: Script to run the simulation</li> <li>log.lammps: Thermodynamic output from the simulation</li> <li>Note that the pressures given in the folder names and in the simulations are in atm, not MPa.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>"bruciteSimulations" and "periclaseSimualtions" are in zip containers. In order to use them, please unzip them and leave the resulting folders in the same directory as this README file. </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>The python scripts shows how to extract the relevant data from the lammps log files, which enables reproduction of the figures in the paper. See instructions below to use the scripts.</li> </ul> <p><br> Installation instructions to make the python plot scripts working, assuming you already have numpy and matplotlib:</p> <p>> pip3 install git+https://github.com/henriasv/regex-file-collector.git</p> <p>> pip3 install git+https://github.com/henriasv/lammps-logfile.git<br> </p> <p>If this does not work, please contact Marthe Grønlie Guren, m.g.guren@geo.uio.no</p>
On the scale dependence in the dynamics of frictional rupture: constant fracture energy versus size-dependent breakdown work
<pre>Potential energy stored during the inter-seismic period by tectonic loading around faults is released during earthquakes as radiated energy, frictional dissipation and fracture energy. The latter is of first importance since it is expected to control the nucleation, the propagation and the arrest of the seismic rupture. On one side, the seismological fracture energy estimated for natural earthquakes (commonly called breakdown work) ranges between 1 $\mathrm{J/m^2}$ and tens of $ \mathrm{MJ/m^2} $ for the largest events, and shows a clear slip dependence. On the other side, recent experimental studies highlighted that, concerning rupture experiments, fracture energy is a material property (energy required to break the fault interface) independently of the size of the event, i.e. of the seismic slip. </pre> <pre>To reconcile these contradictory observations and definitions, we performed stick-slip experiments, as analog for earthquakes, in a bi-axial shear configuration. We estimated fracture energy through both Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and a Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) and through the integration of the near-fault stress-slip evolution. We show that, at the scale of our experiments, fault weakening is divided into a near-tip weakening, corresponding to an energy of few $ \mathrm{J/m^2} $, consistent with the one estimated through LEFM and CZM, and a long-tailed weakening corresponding to a larger energy not localized at the rupture tip, increasing with slip.</pre> <pre>Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that only near-tip weakening controls the rupture initiation and that long-tailed weakening can enhance slip during rupture propagation and allow the rupture to overcome stress heterogeneity along the fault. We conclude that the origin of the seismological estimates of breakdown work could be related to the energy dissipated in the long-tailed weakening rather than to the one dissipated near the tip.</pre>
Relating hydro-mechanical and elastodynamic properties of dynamically-stressed tensile-fractured rock in relation to fracture aperture and contact area
<p>We exploit nonlinear elastodynamic properties of fractured rock to probe the micro-scale mechanics of fractures and understand the relation between fluid transport and fracture aperture and area, stiffness proxy, under dynamic stressing. Experiments are conducted on rough, tensile-fractured Westerly granite specimen subject to triaxial stresses. Fracture permeability is measured from steady-state fluid flow with deionized water. Pore pressure oscillations are applied at amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1~MPa at 1~Hz frequency. During dynamic stressing we transmit acoustic signals through the fracture using an array of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) to monitor the evolution of fracture interface properties. We examine the influence of fracture aperture and contact area by conducting measurements at effective normal stresses of 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20~MPa. Additionally, the evolution of contact area with stress is characterized using pressure sensitive film. These experiments are conducted separately with the same fracture and they map contact area at stresses from 9 to 21~MPa. The resulting `true' area of contact measurements made for the entire fracture surface and within the calculated PZT sensor footprints, numerical modeling of Fresnel zone. We compare the elastodynamic response of the the fracture using the stress-induced changes ultrasonic wave velocities for a range of transmitter-receiver pairs to image spatial variations in contact properties, which is informed by fracture contact area measurements. These measurements of the nonlinear elasticity are related to the fluid-flow, permeability, in response to dynamic stressing and similar comparisons are made for the slow-dynamics, recovery, of the fracture interface following the stress perturbations.</p>
Investigation of Dynamic Fracture of Elastomers - IIa
<p>These set of experiments are the continuation of the investigation of dynamic fracture of Poly-Urethane elastomer; the details of which can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4034638">here</a>. Currently, a different geometry has been investigated to study the effect of geometry on the crack speeds when inertial effects cannot be neglected.</p> <p>The data consists of images from a High Resolution (HR) camera and a High Speed (HS) camera. The test protocol is similar to the one from the above link and the specimen is 200 mm long, 20 mm tall and 3 mm thick. The name of the folder corresponds to the stretch level of the specimen before the introduction of a crack.</p>
Imaging elastodynamic and hydraulic properties of in-situ fractured rock: An experimental investigation exploring effects of dynamic stressing and shearing
<p>We describe laboratory experiments to elucidate the relationship between nonlinear elasticity and permeability evolution in fractured media subjected to local stress perturbations. This study is part of an effort to image fluid pathways and fracture properties using active-source acoustic monitoring during fluid injection and shear of rough fractures. Experiments were conducted with L-shaped samples of Westerly granite fractured in-situ under tri-axial conditions with deionized water subsequently circulated through the resulting fractures. After in-situ fracturing, we separately imposed oscillations of the applied normal stress and pore pressure with amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1 MPa and frequencies from 0.1 to 40 Hz. During these dynamic perturbations an array of piezoelectric transducers continuously transmitted ultrasonic pulses across the fracture to monitor the evolving elastic response. We interpret the resulting evolution of elastic wave properties in the context of elastic nonlinearity and relate the estimated nonlinearity parameters to the relative change in permeability of the fractured media. Fracture roughness is then altered in-situ by shearing, with the generation of breccia and wear products. We document the evolution of permeability and fracture contact stiffness as a function of dynamic stressing and shear offset and discuss our findings in relation to fractures in Earth's crust.</p>
Comparison of the Results of Treatment by Gamma Nail Versus Dynamic Hip Screw for Unstable Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01238068. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Comparison of Dynamic Versus Static Lag Screw Modes for Cephalomedullary Nails Used to Fix Intertrochanteric Fragility Fractures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04441723. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fractures Fixation With a Dynamic Locking Plate and Screw System, Targon FN
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00830687. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Trochanteric Femur Fracture Operated With Dynamic Hip Screw System (DHS) Augmented With a Biphasic Apatite Sulphate Combined With Systemic or Local Bisphosphonate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04498715. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Primary Dynamization Versus Standard Interlocking Intramedullary Nail in Treatment of Tibial Shaft Fractures in Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06147219. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Dynamic Locking Screws 5.0 vs. Standard Locking Screws in Fracture of Distal Femur Treated With Locked Plate Fixation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01693367. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 0.
Clinical Evaluation on HA Coated Dynamic Hip Screws for Trochanteric Femoral Fractures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05677061. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Femur Transtrochanteric Fractures Treated With Dynamic Hip Screw and Calcium Sulfate Scaffold.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05091359. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 12.
Investigation of Dynamic Fracture of Elastomers - IIb
<p>These set of experiments are the continuation of the investigation of dynamic fracture of Poly-Urethane elastomer; the details of which can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4034638">here</a> and <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4040507">here</a>. Currently, a different geometry has been investigated to study the effect of geometry on the crack speeds when inertial effects cannot be neglected.</p> <p>The data consists of images from a High Resolution (HR) camera and a High Speed (HS) camera. The test protocol is similar to the one from the above link and the specimen is 200 mm long, 60 mm tall and 3 mm thick. The name of the folder corresponds to the stretch level of the specimen before the introduction of a crack.</p>
Study of Tibial Shaft Fracture Fixation: Intramedullary Nailing Comparing With Dynamic Compression Plate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01190709. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Humeral Shaft Fractures : Outcomes of Straight Percutaneous Intramedullary Nailing With Dynamic Distal Locking
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06999018. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Comparison of Gamma Nail Versus Dynamic Hip Screw for the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01173744. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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