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23 results for “early burst”
Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, d–i) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c) images of "One-seeded fruit sp. 2" (a–c), "Unassigned, unnamed fruits" (d–f), Pazliopsis sp. (g, h) and "Follicular fruit with exotestal seeds" (i); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of fruit showing remains of tepals (te) and a single stamen (st); b) Detail of fruit surface showing short, scale-like, peltate trichomes (arrows); c) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0475) of fruit containing a single seed showing tepals (te) and fruit surface with peltate trichomes (arrow); note partial preservation of internal nutritive tissue; d) Fruit in lateral view showing the almost smooth epidermis with scattered openings; e) Detail of fruit surface from (d) showing the scattered openings in the epidermis interpreted as burst secretory cells (arrows); f) Dorsi-ventral view of tiny fruit with an irregular surface; g) Lateral view of exotestal seed assigned to cf. Pazliopsis sp.; h) Detail of fruit surface of seed in (g) showing faint facets of outer palisade layer with fine jigsaw-puzzle outlines of the anticlinal walls; i) Lateral view of fragmentary follicular fruit showing two exposed exotestal seeds. Specimens, Catefica 153-S174314 (a–c), Catefica 50-S170420 (d, e), Catefica 152-S174300 (f), Catefica 49-S172319 (g, h), Catefica MM158-P0272 (i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c, d, f, g, i), 100 Μm (e), 50 Μm (b, h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, d–i) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c) images of "One-seeded fruit sp. 2" (a–c), "Unassigned, unnamed fruits" (d–f), Pazliopsis sp. (g, h) and "Follicular fruit with exotestal seeds" (i); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of fruit showing remains of tepals (te) and a single stamen (st); b) Detail of fruit surface showing short, scale-like, peltate trichomes (arrows); c) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0475) of fruit containing a single seed showing tepals (te) and fruit surface with peltate trichomes (arrow); note partial preservation of internal nutritive tissue; d) Fruit in lateral view showing the almost smooth epidermis with scattered openings; e) Detail of fruit surface from (d) showing the scattered openings in the epidermis interpreted as burst secretory cells (arrows); f) Dorsi-ventral view of tiny fruit with an irregular surface; g) Lateral view of exotestal seed assigned to cf. Pazliopsis sp.; h) Detail of fruit surface of seed in (g) showing faint facets of outer palisade layer with fine jigsaw-puzzle outlines of the anticlinal walls; i) Lateral view of fragmentary follicular fruit showing two exposed exotestal seeds. Specimens, Catefica 153-S174314 (a–c), Catefica 50-S170420 (d, e), Catefica 152-S174300 (f), Catefica 49-S172319 (g, h), Catefica MM158-P0272 (i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c, d, f, g, i), 100 Μm (e), 50 Μm (b, h).
Cambrian origin but no early burst in functional disparity for Class Bivalvia
<p><span>Both the Cambrian Explosion, more than half a billion years ago, and its Ordovician aftermath some thirty-five million years later, are often framed as episodes of widespread ecological opportunity, but not all clades originating during this interval showed prolific rises in morphological or functional disparity. In a direct analysis of functional disparity, instead of the more commonly used proxy of morphological disparity, we find that ecological functions of Class Bivalvia arose concordantly with and even lagged behind taxonomic diversification, rather than the early-burst pattern expected for clades originating in supposedly open ecological landscapes. Unlike several other clades originating in the Cambrian Explosion, the bivalves' belated acquisition of key anatomical novelties imposed a macroevolutionary lag, and even when those novelties evolved in the Early Ordovician, functional disparity never surpassed taxonomic diversity. Beyond this early period of animal evolution, the founding and subsequent diversification of new major clades and their functions might be expected to follow the pattern of the early bivalves—one where interactions between highly dynamic environmental and biotic landscapes and evolutionary contingencies need not promote prolific functional innovation. </span></p>
Cambrian origin but no early burst in functional disparity for Class Bivalvia
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Reproduction package for publication 'Testing afterglow models of FRB 200428 with early post-burst observations of SGR 1935+2154'
<p>The scripts in this package allows for the reproduction of all figures and data within the publication. Observing data can be found in the LOFAR long-term archive. For further information about reproducing figures pertaining to observing data please contact the authors. </p> <p>X-ray data pertaining to Figure 4 is available from the public reproduction packages of the relevant cited publications. </p>
Metadata for Comparing Early Evolution of Flames in X-ray Bursts in Two and Three Dimensions
<p>Metadata and global diagnostics for the 2-d and 3-d Castro X-ray burst simulations described in the paper "Comparing Early Evolution of Flames in X-ray Bursts in Two and Three Dimensions". The job_info files contain the git hashes of all software used as well as the compiler versions and flags.</p>
Theta-Burst-Stimulation in Early Rehabilitation of Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02910024. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in MCI and Early AD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04555941. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Robust regression and posterior predictive simulation increase power to detect early bursts of trait evolution
A central prediction of much theory on adaptive radiations is that traits should evolve rapidly during the early stages of a clade's history and subsequently slowdown in rate as niches become saturated – a so-called "Early Burst". Although a common pattern in the fossil record, evidence for early bursts of trait evolution in phylogenetic comparative data has been equivocal at best. We show here that this may not necessarily be due to the absence of this pattern in nature. Rather, commonly used methods to infer its presence perform poorly when when the strength of the burst - the rate at which phenotypic evolution declines - is small, and when some morphological convergence is present within the clade. We present two modifications to existing comparative methods that allow greater power to detect early bursts in simulated datasets. First, we develop posterior predictive simulation approaches and show that they outperform maximum likelihood approaches at identifying early bursts at moderate strength. Second, we use a robust regression procedure that allows for the identification and down-weighting of convergent taxa, leading to moderate increases in method performance. We demonstrate the utility and power of these approach by investigating the evolution of body size in cetaceans. Model fitting using maximum likelihood is equivocal with regards the mode of cetacean body size evolution. However, posterior predictive simulation combined with a robust node height test return low support for Brownian motion or rate shift models, but not the early burst model. While the jury is still out on whether early bursts are actually common in nature, our approach will hopefully facilitate more robust testing of this hypothesis. We advocate the adoption of similar posterior predictive approaches to improve the fit and to assess the adequacy of macroevolutionary models in general.
Supplemental information for: An early burst in brachiopod evolution corresponding with significant climatic shifts during the great Ordovician biodiversification event
<p>We employ modified tip-dating methods to date divergence times within the Strophomenoidea, one of the most abundant and species-rich brachiopod clades to radiate during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), to determine if significant environmental changes at this time correlate with the diversification of the clade. Models using origination, extinction and sampling rates to estimate prior probabilities of divergence times strongly support both high rates of anatomical change per million-years and rapid divergences shortly before the clade first appears in the fossil record. These divergence times indicate much higher rates of cladogenesis than typical of brachiopods during this interval. The correspondence of high speciation rates and high anatomical disparity suggests punctuated (speciational) change drove the high frequencies of early anatomical change, which in turn suggests increased ecological opportunities rather than shifting developmental constraints account for high rates of anatomical change. The pulse of rapid evolution began coincident with cooling temperatures, the start of major oscillations in sea level, and increased levels of atmospheric oxygen. Our results suggest that these factors permitted major geographic and ecological expansion of strophomenoids with intervals of geographic isolation, resulting in elevated speciation rates and corresponding elevated frequencies of punctuated change.</p>
Supplemental information for: An early burst in brachiopod evolution corresponding with significant climatic shifts during the great Ordovician biodiversification event
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Data from: When should we expect early bursts of trait evolution in comparative data? Predictions from an evolutionary food web model
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Data from: Robust regression and posterior predictive simulation increase power to detect early bursts of trait evolution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
An Ancient Transcription Factor Initiates the Burst of piRNA Production During Early Meiosis in Mouse Testes
GEO Series GSE44690. Mus musculus; Gallus gallus. 56 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
A burst of miRNA innovation in the early evolution of butterflies and moths
GEO Series GSE63644. Cameraria ohridella; Pararge aegeria. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
An Ancient Transcription Factor Initiates the Burst of piRNA Production During Early Meiosis in Mouse Testes (ChIP-Seq)
GEO Series GSE44588. Gallus gallus; Mus musculus. 7 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
An Early Burst of Cytokine Production Before the First Cell Division Influences CD8 T Cell Differentiation
GEO Series GSE294688. Mus musculus. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Early bursts of body size and shape evolution are rare in comparative data
George Gaylord Simpson famously postulated that much of life's diversity originated as adaptive radiations—more or less simultaneous divergences of numerous lines from a single ancestral adaptive type. However, identifying adaptive radiations has proven difficult due to a lack of broad-scale comparative datasets. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative data on body size and shape in a diversity of animal clades to test a key model of adaptive radiation, in which initially rapid morphological evolution is followed by relative stasis. We compared the fit of this model to both single selective peak and random walk models. We found little support for the early-burst model of adaptive radiation, whereas both other models, particularly that of selective peaks, were commonly supported. In addition, we found that the net rate of morphological evolution varied inversely with clade age. The youngest clades appear to evolve most rapidly because long-term change typically does not attain the amount of divergence predicted from rates measured over short time scales. Across our entire analysis, the dominant pattern was one of constraints shaping evolution continually through time rather than rapid evolution followed by stasis. We suggest that the classical model of adaptive radiation, where morphological evolution is initially rapid and slows through time, may be rare in comparative data.
Neutrophil Oxidative Burst in Early and Late Onset Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06162936. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of Neuronavigated Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TBS) for Early Alzheimer's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06524817. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TBS) for Early Alzheimer's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03612622. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.