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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Data for: Why do phylogenomic analyses of early animal evolution continue to disagree? Sites in different structural environments yield different answers

Supporting data for "Why do phylogenomic analyses of early animal evolution continue to disagree? Sites in different structural environments yield different answers" submitted by A Pandey and EL Braun. File is a gzipped tarball including protein multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees, and other supporting data; see included README for details.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2006View details →

Fig. 2. Fossil locality and depositional environment. A in The Early Cambrian origin of thylacocephalan arthropods

Fig. 2. Fossil locality and depositional environment. A. Simplified paleogeographic map of the Yangtze Platform during the Sinian–Cambrian boundary showing main facies distribution (asterisk for fossil locality). B. Alternating siltstones−mudstones layers at Shankoucun (Maotianshan Shale, Lower Cambrian). Map after Zhu et al. (2003; simplified). bg, background mudstone; se, single−event mudstone (see explanation in text).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Text-fig. 10. Reconstruction of environment with herbaceous angiosperms from deposits of the Frentsevka Formation. in An Angiosperm Dominated Herbaceous Community From The Early - Middle Albian Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 10. Reconstruction of environment with herbaceous angiosperms from deposits of the Frentsevka Formation.

Fig. 2 in Crab in amber reveals an early colonization of nonmarine environments during the Cretaceous

Fig. 2. Cretapsaraathanata Luquegen. etsp. nov. from Burmeseamber. (A to G) Detailed views of Holotype LYAM-9. (A) Close-up of antero-ventralcarapace with eyes and eyestalks, antennae, and the excurrent openings beside the palps of the third maxillipeds (mxp3). (B) Close-up of dorsal carapace showing the orbits lacking orbital fissures and the anterolateral marginwith three spines including the outer orbitalspine. (C) Overview of specimenin ventral view with legs, pleon, sternum, mouthparts, eyes, andleft cheliped. (D) Close-upofleft cheliped inventral obliqueview, showingastraight dactylusandpollex, thelatter bearingsmallacuteteeth on occlusalmargin. (E) Ventral view of pereopods 2 to 5, showing all legs of similarsize and slendershape, with small, thin, spaced setae, and an acute, long dactyli. (F) Close-up of themxp3, showing the palp and the fine lining of setae in the occlusal margin, the two hollow openings beside the palp of mxp3 (white arrow), and small granulations in the pterygostome. (G) Close-up of posterior sternites and pleon tucked under the carapace, typical of a eubrachyuran. White arrows in (A) and (F) indicate the excurrent openings. an1, antennula; an2, antenna; ce,corneal eye; es, eyestalk; ex, exopod; is, ischium; me,merus; pa: distal palp of mxp3. Photos by L.X. Figure by J.L.

Fig. 1 in Crab in amber reveals an early colonization of nonmarine environments during the Cretaceous

Fig. 1. Cretapsara athanata Luque gen. et sp. nov., a modern-looking eubrachyuran crab in Burmese amber. (A to D) Holotype LYAM-9. (A) Whole amber sample with crab inclusion in ventral view. (B) Close-up of ventral carapace. (C) Whole amber sample with crab inclusion in dorsal view. (D) Close-up of dorsal carapace. White arrows in (B) and (D) indicate the detached left fifth leg orpereopod. Photos by L.X. Figure by J.L.

Fig. 4. 3D in Crab in amber reveals an early colonization of nonmarine environments during the Cretaceous

Fig. 4. 3D reconstructions of Cretapsara athanata Luque gen. et sp. nov. holotype LYAM-9 and itsgills. (A) Asingle micro-CT slice, coronal section near the base of eyestalks. (B) 3Dmeshextractedfromreconstructedmicro-CT datain VGSTUDIO MAX, remeshedin MeshLab,and visualizedusing Autodesk Maya (see Materialsand Methods); dorsal view showing the position of the gills. (C) Right lateral oblique view. (D) Close-up of (C) showing the right (bottom) and left (top) gills seen from the right side. (E and F) Close-up of the right gills seen from inside (E) and outside (F). Notice the branchial lamellae and the afferent/efferent vessels. Images by E.G.C. Figure by J.L.

Fig. 3. 3D in Crab in amber reveals an early colonization of nonmarine environments during the Cretaceous

Fig. 3. 3D mesh of Cretapsara athanata Luque gen. et sp. nov. holotype LYAM-9. (A to E) 3D mesh extracted from reconstructed micro-CT data in VGSTUDIO MAX, remeshedin MeshLab, andvisualized using Autodesk Maya: (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) right lateral, (D) oblique postero-dorsal, (E) oblique antero-ventral views, showing the claws of equal size and four pairs of slenderlegs similar in shape and size, with P5 slightly smaller than the other legs. (F and G) Details of the dorsal (F) and ventral (G) carapace, showing details of the largeeyes andorbits, small antennae, and asmall, acute outer orbitalspine [(F) thick arrow], two small anterolateral spines (F, thin arrows), aposterolateral marginbearingat leastfoursmallandequidistant tubercles (F, smallarrows), straightposteriormargin, slendercoxae of thepereopods,atypicalheterotreme eubrachyuran sternum (G), andareduced andfolded pleonwith thefirstpleonites dorsally exposed. Leftfifth pereopoddigitallyreattached.bcg, branchiocardiac groove; ca, carpus; cg, cervicalgroove; cx, coxa; da, dactylus; ib, ischiobasis; ma,manus or palm of claw; P1, claws or chelipeds; P2 to P5,pereopods or walking legs 2 to 5; po,pollex or fixed finger cheliped propodus; pr,propodus. Images by E.G.C. Figure by J.L.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

Data from: Developmental constraints and resource environment shape early emergence and investment in spines in saplings

Abstract Background and Aims Herbivory by large mammals imposes a critical recruitment bottleneck on plants in many systems. Spines defend plants against large herbivores and how early they emerge in saplings may be one of the strongest predictors of sapling survival in herbivore-rich environments. Yet little effort has been directed at understanding the variability in spine emergence across saplings. Methods We present a multi-species study examining whether and how sapling size,spine type and species' environmental niche (light and precipitation environment) influence early emergence and biomass investment in spines. A phylogenetically diverse pool of 45 species possessing different spine types (spines, prickles and thorns; that are derived from distinct plant organs: leaf, epidermis or cortex, and branch, respectively), were grown under common garden conditions, and patterns of spine emergence and biomass allocation to spines at 5 and 15 weeks after transplanting were characterized. Key Results Spine type and species' resource niche were the main factors driving early emergence and investment patterns. Spines emerged earliest in leaf spine-bearing species, and latest in thorn-bearing species. The probability of early spine emergence increased with decreasing precipitation, and was greater in species from open than closed habitats. Sapling investment in spines changed with plant mass but was contingent on spine type and habitat type. Conclusions Different spine types have strikingly different timing of expression, suggesting that developmental origins of spines play a critical role in sapling defences. Furthermore, species from different precipitation and light environments (open vs. closed habitats) showed contrasting patterns of early spine expression suggesting that resource limitation in their native range may have driven divergent evolution of early defence expression.

zenodo36/100

Data: Survey of Implemented Mitigation Strategies and Further Needs of the United States Food Industry to Control COVID-19 in the Work Environment in Early 2021

Data set related with the COVID-19 needs assessment study

openother-openAug 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Supplementary Materials S1-S4 to Leipe et al., 2024. Human activities, early farming and natural environment in the north-western Kanto Plain (Central Japan) during the Final Jomon–Early Kofun period (990 cal BCE–330 cal CE) inferred from palynological and archaeobotanical records

This dataset represents the Supplementary Materials S1-S4 to Leipe et al. (2024), QEH 2, 100030. Leipe et al., 2024. Human activities, early farming and natural environment in the north-western Kanto Plain (Central Japan) during the Final Jomon–Early Kofun period (990 cal BCE–330 cal CE) inferred from palynological and archaeobotanical records. Quaternary Environments and Humans 2, 100030 (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100030">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100030</a>). Supplementary Material S1: Pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records of a section (490.5-668.5 cm depth) of the MJ20 sediment core from Morinji Marsh, Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan. Supplementary Material S2. Sample-specific total counts of macrobotanical (seeds and fruits) and fungal remains and floated litres of sediment samples from ash pits (Yayoi period) and hearths (Kofun period) of the Ikegami archaeological site, Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan. Supplementary Material S3. Photographs of charred remains of Juglans ailantifolia and Aesculus turbinata from the Middle Yayoi period ash pit samples at the Ikegami archaeological site, Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan. Supplementary Material S4. Description of the As-B tephra in the MJ20 sediment core from Morinji Marsh, Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Early life telomeres are influenced by environments acting at multiple temporal and spatial scales

An individual's telomere length early in life may reflect or contribute to key life history processes sensitive to environmental variation. Yet, the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in shaping early life telomere length is not well understood as it requires samples collected from multiple generations with known developmental histories. We used a confirmed pedigree and conducted an animal model analysis of telomere lengths obtained from nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus) sampled over a span of 22 years. We found significant additive genetic variation for early life telomere length, but it comprised a relatively small proportion (9%) of the total biological variation. Three sources of environmental variation were important: among cohorts, among breeding attempts within years and families, and among nestmates. The magnitude of variation among breeding attempts and among nestmates also differed by cohort, suggesting that interactive effects of environmental factors across time or spatial scales were important, yet we were unable to identify the specific causes of these interactions. The mean amount of precipitation during the breeding season positively predicted telomere length, but neither weather during a given breeding attempt nor date in the breeding season contributed to an offspring's telomere length. At the residual level, level of individual nestlings, offspring sex, size, and mass at 10 days of age also did not predict telomere length. Environmental effects appear especially important in shaping early life telomere length in some species, and an array of complex more focus on how environmental factors that interactions across scales may help to explain some of the variation observed among studies.

publicSep 2023View details →

Early life telomeres are influenced by environments acting at multiple temporal and spatial scales

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publicAug 2025View details →

Long-term fitness effects of the early-life environment in a wild bird population

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publicOct 2019View details →

Data from: Developmental constraints and resource environment shape early emergence and investment in spines in saplings

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publicFeb 2021View details →

Data from: Light environment influences mating behaviours during the early stages of divergence in tropical butterflies

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opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Data from: Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) from North Greenland: new light on metazoan diversity in early Cambrian shelf environments

The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland provides one of the oldest records of soft-bodied metazoan-dominated ecosystems from within the early Cambrian. The Lagerstätte site itself is restricted to just a single ~1 km-long outcrop located offshore from the shelf margin, in an area that has been affected by metamorphic alteration during the Ellesmerian Orogeny (Devonian–Early Carboniferous). The recent recovery of Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) to the south in areas that have escaped the effects of this deformation has substantially expanded the known coverage of organic preservation into shallower-water depositional settings in this region. Here we describe additional SCF assemblages from the siliciclastic shelf succession of the Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3-4; ∼ 515 Ma), expanding upon the previously documented SCF biota. Newly recovered material reveals a rich diversity of non-mineralizing metazoans, chiefly represented by arthropod remains. These include the filtering and grinding elements of a sophisticated crustacean feeding apparatus - the oldest crustacean remains reported to date - alongside an assortment of bradoriid sclerites, including almost complete, three-dimensional valves which tie-together a number of SCFs previously found in isolation. Other metazoan remains include various trilobite cuticles, diverse scalidophoran sclerites, and a range of metazoan fragments of uncertain affinities. This shallower-water assemblage differs substantially from the Sirius Passet biota, which is dominated by problematic euarthropod stem-group members and sponges. Though some of these discrepancies are attributable to taphonomic or temporal factors, these lateral variations in taxonomic composition also point to significant palaeoenvironmental and/or palaeoecological controls on early Cambrian metazoan communities.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Are sexually selected traits affected by a poor environment early in life?

Background: Challenging conditions experienced early in life, such as a restricted diet, can detrimentally affect key life-history traits. Individuals can reduce these costs by delaying their sexual maturation, albeit at the price of the later onset of breeding, to eventually reach the same adult size as individuals that grow up in a benevolent environment. Delayed maturation can, however, still lead to other detrimental morphological and physiological changes that become apparent later in adulthood (e.g. shorter lifespan, faster senescence). In general, research focuses on the naturally selected costs of a poor early diet. In mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), males with limited food intake early in life delay maturation to reach a similar adult body size to their well-fed counterparts ('catch-up growth'). Here we tested whether a poor early diet is costly due to the reduced expression of sexually selected male characters, namely genital size and ejaculate traits. Results: We found that a male's diet early in life significantly influenced his sperm reserves and sperm replenishment rate. Shortly after maturation males with a restricted early diet had significantly lower sperm reserves and slower replenishment rates than control diet males, but this dietary difference was no longer detectable in older males. Conclusions: Although delaying maturation to reach the same body size as well fed juveniles can ameliorate some costs of a poor start in life, our findings suggest that costs might still arise because of sexual selection against these males. It should be noted, however, that the observed effects are modest (Hedges' g = 0.20–0.36), and the assumption that lower sperm production translates into a decline in fitness under sperm competition remains unconfirmed.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Quantitative genetics of plumage color: lifetime effects of early nest environment on a colorful sexual signal

Phenotypic differences among individuals are often linked to differential survival and mating success. Quantifying the relative influence of genetic and environmental variation on phenotype allows evolutionary biologists to make predictions about the potential for a given trait to respond to selection and various aspects of environmental variation. In particular, the environment individuals experience during early development can have lasting effects on phenotype later in life. Here, we used a natural full-sib/half-sib design as well as within-individual longitudinal analyses to examine genetic and various environmental influences on plumage color. We find that variation in melanin-based plumage color – a trait known to influence mating success in adult North American barn swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster) – is influenced by both genetics and aspects of the developmental environment, including variation due to the maternal phenotype and the nest environment. Within individuals, nestling color is predictive of adult color. Accordingly, these early environmental influences are relevant to the sexually selected plumage color variation in adults. Early environmental conditions appear to have important lifelong implications for individual reproductive performance through sexual signal development in barn swallows. Our results indicate that feather color variation conveys information about developmental conditions and maternal care alleles to potential mates in North American barn swallows. Melanin-based colors are used for sexual signaling in many organisms, and our study suggests that these signals may be more sensitive to environmental variation than previously thought.