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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2015View details →

Figure 3 in Early life history of the sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida)

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of glochidia from Chippewa River mussel species similar in size to Plethobasus cyphyus glochidia. (A) Obliquaria reflexa; (B) Amblema plicata; (C) Elliptio dilatata; (D) Plethobasus cyphyus; (E) juvenile Plethobasus cyphyus (valve height = 217 µm) from a naturally infested Notropis volucellus; (F) Toxolasma parvus; (G) Fusconaia flava; (H) Pleurobema sintoxia. The scale bar is 100 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2015View details →

Figure 1 in Early life history of the sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida)

Figure 1. Plethobasus cyphyus brooding periods in 2009 and 2011. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of mussels examined. Sample dates prior to and after the brooding period are not shown.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2017View details →

Data and R script for Neville, Andrews, Nettle and Bateson, 'Dissociating the effects of alternative early-life feeding schedules on the development of adult depression-like phenotypes'

The R script and raw data files for the paper 'Dissociating the effects of alternative early-life feeding schedules on the development of adult depression-like phenotypes', by Vikki Neville, Clare Andrews, Daniel Nettle and Melissa Bateson.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data and code for: Acute heat priming promotes short-term climate resilience of early life stages in a model sea anemone

Across diverse taxa, sublethal exposure to abiotic stressors early in life can lead to benefits such as increased stress tolerance upon repeat exposure. This phenomenon, known as hormetic priming, is largely unexplored in early life stages of marine invertebrates, which are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic climate change. To investigate this phenomenon, larvae of the sea anemone and model marine invertebrate Nematostella vectensis were exposed to control (18°C) or elevated (24°C, 30°C, 35°C, or 39°C) temperatures for 1 hour at 3 days post-fertilization (DPF), followed by return to control temperatures (18°C). The animals were then assessed for growth, development, metabolic rates, and heat tolerance at 4, 7, and 11 DPF. Priming at intermediately elevated temperatures (24°C, 30°C, or 35°C) augmented growth and development compared to controls or priming at 39°C. Indeed, priming at 39°C hampered developmental progression, with around 40% of larvae still in the planula stage at 11 DPF, in contrast to 0% for all other groups. Total protein content, a proxy for biomass, and respiration rates were not significantly affected by priming, suggesting metabolic resilience. Heat tolerance was quantified with acute heat stress exposures, and was significantly higher for animals primed at intermediate temperatures (24°C, 30°C, or 35°C) compared to controls or those primed at 39°C at all time points. To investigate a possible molecular mechanism for observed changes in heat tolerance, the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was quantified at 11 DPF. Expression of HSP70 significantly increased with increasing priming temperature, with the presence of a doublet band for larvae primed at 39°C, suggesting persistent negative effects of priming on protein homeostasis. Interestingly, primed larvae in a second cohort cultured to 6 weeks post-fertilization continued to display hormetic growth responses, whereas benefits for heat tolerance were lost; in contrast, negative effects of short-term exposure to extreme heat stress (39°C) persisted. These results demonstrate that some dose-dependent effects of priming waned over time while others persisted, resulting in heterogeneity in organismal performance across ontogeny following priming. Overall, these findings suggest that heat priming may augment the climate resilience of marine invertebrate early life stages via the modulation of key developmental and physiological phenotypes, while also affirming the need to limit further anthropogenic ocean warming.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data from: Early-life variation in migration is subject to strong fluctuating survival selection in a partially migratory bird

Population dynamic and eco-evolutionary responses to environmental variation and change fundamentally depend on combinations of within- and among-cohort variation in phenotypic expression of key life-history traits, and on corresponding variation in selection on those traits. Specifically, in partially migratory populations, spatio-seasonal dynamics depend on the degree of adaptive phenotypic expression of seasonal migration versus residence, where more individuals migrate when selection favours migration. Opportunity for adaptive (or, conversely, maladaptive) expression could be particularly substantial in early life, through initial development of migration versus residence. However, within- and among-cohort dynamics of early-life migration, and of associated survival selection, have not been quantified in any system, preventing any inference on adaptive early-life expression. Such analyses have been precluded because data on seasonal movements and survival of sufficient young individuals, across multiple cohorts, have not been collected. We undertook extensive year-round field resightings of 9,359 colour-ringed juvenile European Shags (Gulosus aristotelis) from 11 successive cohorts in a partially-migratory population. We fitted advanced Bayesian multi-state capture-mark-recapture models to quantify early-life variation in migration versus residence and associated survival across short temporal occasions through each cohort's first year from fledging, thereby quantifying the degree of adaptive phenotypic expression of migration within and across years. All cohorts were highly partially migratory, but the degree and timing of migration varied considerably within and among cohorts. Episodes of strong survival selection on migration versus residence occurred both on short timeframes within years, and cumulatively across whole years, generating instances of instantaneous and cumulative net selection that would be obscured at coarser temporal resolutions. Further, the magnitude and direction of selection varied among years, generating strong fluctuating survival selection on early-life migration across cohorts, as rarely evidenced in nature. Yet, the degree of migration did not strongly covary with the direction of selection, indicating limited early-life adaptive phenotypic expression. These results reveal how dynamic early-life expression and selection on a key life-history trait, seasonal migration, can emerge across seasonal, annual, and multi-year timeframes, yet be substantially decoupled. This restricts the potential for adaptive phenotypic, micro-evolutionary, and population dynamic responses to changing seasonal environments.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Lethal and sublethal effects of marine heatwaves on octocorals early life history stages

In this study, the effect of increased water temperature (+4 ºC and +6 ºC above ambient, 20 ºC) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (Eunicella singularis and Corallium rubrum). Moreover, data on larval biomass and caloric consumption of larvae per day are also provided.Our study shows that warmer treatments did not affect the survival of symbiotic E. singularis larvae, but drastically reduced the survival of the non-symbiotic C. rubrum larvae. The results on larval biomass and caloric consumption suggest that higher mortality rates of C. rubrum exposed to increased temperature were not related to depletion of endogenous energy in larvae. The results also show that settlement rates of E. singularis did not change in response to elevated temperature after 20 days of exposure, but larvae may settle fast and close to their native population at 26 ºC (+6 ºC). Although previous experimental studies found that adult colonies of both octocoral species are mostly resistant to thermal stress, our results on early life history stages suggest that the persistence and inter-connectivity of local populations may be severely compromised under continued trends in ocean warming.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Code and data from: Experiential legacies of early-life dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content on juvenile Walleye: Potential impacts from climate change

Climate-induced shifts in plankton blooms may alter fish recruitment by affecting the fatty acid composition of early-life diets and corresponding performance. Early-life nutrition may immediately affect survival but may also have a lingering influence on size and growth via experiential legacies. We explored the short- and longer-term performance consequences of different concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for juvenile Walleye (Sander vitreus, Mitchill 1818). For the first 10 d of feeding, juveniles were provided Artemia enriched with: oleic acid (low PUFA), high docosahexaenoic acid and high eicosapentaenoic acid (high PUFA), or high PUFA and a form of vitamin E (high PUFA + E). After 10 d, all fish were fed a high-quality diet and reared for an additional 27 d. Juveniles fed either high PUFA diet were 1.15-fold larger (PUFA mean ± SD = 20.0 ± 3.3 mg; PUFA + E = 19.8 ± 3.3 mg) than those fed the low PUFA (17.3 ± 2.8 mg) diet after 10 d of feeding. After 27 days, juveniles initially fed the high PUFA diet were still 1.10-1.20-fold larger (PUFA = 407.0 ± 61.6 mg; PUFA + E = 422.7 ± 58.7 mg) than those initially fed the low PUFA diet (356.5.0 ± 39.5 mg). Our findings demonstrate that fatty acid composition of juvenile Walleye diets has immediate and lingering size effects. As changes in climate continue to alter lower trophic levels, fish management and conservation may need to consider short- and long-term effects of temporal or spatial differences in early-life diet quality.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Neonate personality affects early-life resource acquisition in a large social mammal

This file contains the raw data files and R-scripts used for producing the final data sets analyzed in the paper: "Neonate personality affects early-life resource acquisition in a large social mammal". A full and detailed description of the methods can be found in the manuscript, or at request from the author (BA). The R-scripts can be used to follow all the steps taken in producing the final data sets. The findings in the paper can be then reproduced by using the code provided in the supplementary materials (of the paper). The file contains data taken from >150 newborn fallow deer fawns (Dama dama), in two different cohorts. Data were taken at capture and recapture of these fawns, during their first weeks of life. During this period, fallow deer fawns adopt a hiding-strategy where they hide in the vegatation from potential predators. Furthermore, it contains time budget data taken at summer, when fawns were 1-2 months old, and at autumn, when fawns were 3-6 months old. The final file is a datafile that contains data on the days that fawns were spotted in a group of deer for the first time, after their hider-phase. We have provided a README.docx file, which contains additional descriptions of the raw data set and the variables it includes.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Egg size and offspring phenotype data at early life stages in seven Arctic charr morphs

Maternal effects have the potential to alter early developmental processes of offspring and contribute to adaptive diversification. Egg size is a major contributor to offspring phenotype, which can influence developmental trajectories and potential resource use. However, to what extent intraspecific variation in egg size facilitates evolution of resource polymorphism is poorly understood. We studied multiple resource morphs of Icelandic Arctic charr, ranging from an anadromous morph – with a phenotype similar to the proposed ancestral phenotype – to sympatric morphs that vary in their degree of phenotypic divergence from the ancestral anadromous morph. We characterised variation in egg size and tested whether egg size influenced offspring phenotype at early-life stages (i.e. timing of- and size at- hatching and first feeding [FF]). We predicted that egg size would differ among morphs and be less variable as morphs diverge away from the ancestral anadromous phenotype. We also predicted that egg size would correlate with offspring size and developmental timing. We found morphs had different egg size, developmental timing and size at hatching and FF. Egg size increased as phenotypic proximity to the ancestral anadromous phenotype decreased, with larger eggs generally giving rise to larger offspring, especially at FF, but egg size had no effect on developmental rate. The interaction between egg size and the environment may have a profound impact on offspring fitness, where the resulting differences in early-life history traits may act to initiate and/or maintain resource morphs diversification.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2017View details →

Data and R script for 'Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'

Data files and R script for Dunn et al. "Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)" Includes a single R script that produces all the analyses in the paper. The script makes use of three different .csv data files.

Fig. 8 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history

Fig. 8. Strict consensus of 45 optimal trees discovered in PAUP 4.0b10 analysis of a modified version of the data matrix from MacDougall and Modesto (2011). Tree length = 155, consistency index (CI) = 0.72, CI excluding uninformative characters = 0.71, rescaled CI = 0.56.

Fig. 6 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history

Fig. 6. Procolophonid Sauropareion anoplus Modesto, Sues, and Damiani, 2001, from Lower Triassic Katberg Formation, Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa; NMQR 3602. Interpretive drawings of skull in right lateral (A) and left lateral (B) views, and right forelimb in medial view (C).

Fig. 5 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history

Fig. 5. Procolophonid Sauropareion anoplus Modesto, Sues, and Damiani, 2001, from Lower Triassic Katberg Formation, Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa; NMQR 3602. Photograph of skeleton in dorsal view (A) and interpretive drawing of skeleton in dorsal view (B). Arabic numbers indicate presacral vertebrae. Roman numerals indicate digits.

Fig. 3 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history

Fig. 3. Procolophonid Sauropareion anoplus Modesto, Sues, and Damiani, 2001, from Lower Triassic Katberg Formation, Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa; NMQR 3556. Photograph of skeleton in dorsal view (A) and interpretive drawing of skeleton in dorsal view (B). Areas without outlines represent impression.

Fig. 4 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history

Fig. 4. Procolophonid Sauropareion anoplus Modesto, Sues, and Damiani, 2001, from Early Triassic Katberg Formation, Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa; NMQR 3556. Interpretive drawings of skull in right lateral view (A) and left lateral view (B). Areas without outlines represent impression.