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15 results for “eastern chipmunk”
Exploration and diet specialization in eastern chipmunks - Québec - Canada
<p>Individual diet specialization (IDS) is widespread and can affect the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations in significant ways. Extrinsic factors (e.g., food abundance) and individual variation in energetic needs, morphology, or physiology, have been suggested as drivers of IDS. Behavioral traits like exploration and boldness can also impact foraging decisions, although their effects on IDS have not yet been investigated. Specifically, variation among individuals in exploratory behavior and their position along <span>the exploration/exploitation trade-off </span>may <span>affect their foraging behavior, acquisition of food items and home-range size, which may in turn influence</span> the diversity of their diet. Here we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hair of wild eastern chipmunks, <em>Tamias striatus,</em> to investigate the influence of individual differences in exploration on IDS. We found that exploration profile, sex, and yearly fluctuations in food availability explained differences in the degree of dietary specialization and in plasticity in stable carbon and stable nitrogen over time. Thus, consistent individual differences in exploration can be an important driver of within-population niche specialization and could therefore affect within-species competition. Our results highlight the need for a more thorough investigation of the mechanisms underlying the link between individual behavioral differences and diet specialization in wild animal populations.</p>
Exploration and diet specialization in eastern chipmunks - Québec - Canada
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Data from: Effects of home range size and burrow fidelity on survival and reproduction in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) across different environmental contexts
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Data from: Age at first reproduction and senescence in Eastern chipmunks (Tamia striatus)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Senescence is the degradation of biological functions with </span><span>increasing </span><span>age. Its existence and relationship with life-history strategies remains poorly studied in short-lived wild vertebrate species. We investigated the relationships between age at first reproduction (AFR), reproductive senescence and longevity in an eastern chipmunk (<em>Tamias striatus</em>) population, where the first opportunity to breed is conditioned by pulses of seed production by trees (i.e., masts). </span><span>We used 11 years of data from a longitudinal study, in which females breed for the first time at seven, 15, or 22 months of age and males at seven or 15 months of age. We first assessed the effect of age on three traits associated with breeding performance, namely the number of offspring produced, and the probability of weaning or siring a litter. We then tested whether an earlier AFR accelerated reproductive senescence and reduced survival of both males and females. </span><span>We found sex-specific relationships between AFR and senescence. Females reproducing at 15 or 22 months of age showed reproductive senescence, but early-breeding females did not show any decline in reproductive performance at an older age. Also, although we observed reproductive senescence in males, it was not affected by AFR. </span><span>Our results are consistent with studies highlighting the existence of reproductive senescence in small, wild mammals. Importantly, we provide the first evidence that AFR can strongly influence the patterns of senescence in small short-lived species and does it in a sex-specific way. Our results highlight the importance of studying life-history strategies in both males and females when studying senescence in the wild.</span></p>
The influence of relatedness on parental reproductive success and offspring fitness in Eastern chipmunks breeding in fluctuating environments
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Data from: Age at first reproduction and senescence in Eastern chipmunks (Tamia striatus)
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Data from: Fat and happy in the city: eastern chipmunks in urban environments
Cities are rapidly expanding, and wildlife may experience different selection pressures in urban environments when compared to natural habitats. Phenotypic differences between urban and natural populations may occur because of the altered urban environment. Behavior, the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and body condition can be expected to differ between urban and natural habitats. We used the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) to test for differences in behavior assayed from an open field test, hair and fecal cortisol concentrations, and body condition (size-corrected body mass), predicting that urban chipmunks would exhibit more exploratory behavior, higher cortisol concentrations, and higher body condition, than their counterparts from natural habitats. We sampled eastern chipmunks in 2 urban areas paired with natural habitats and subjected adult chipmunks to an open field test, collected hair and fecal samples for the determination of cortisol concentrations, and measured body size and body mass to estimate body condition. Eastern chipmunks in urban habitats had significantly different behavior, tending toward reduced locomotion and grooming, and greater latency, than their counterparts from natural habitats. Urban chipmunks also had lower fecal cortisol concentrations than those from natural habitats, and female chipmunks were in better body condition when captured in urban habitats. These results suggest that urban habitats may be relatively benign for urban chipmunks, perhaps because of reduced need for exploration and the availability of anthropogenic food subsidies associated with urban environments.
On following pages: 180. Yellow-cheeked Chipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys); 181. Long-eared Chipmunk (Tamias quadrimaculatus 184. Hopi Chipmunk (Tamias rufus); 185. Colorado Chipmunk (Tamias quadrivittatus); 186. Merriam''s Chipmunk (Tamias California Chipmunk (Tamias obscurus); 190. Gray-collared Chipmunk (Tamias cinereicollis); 191. Gray-footed Chipmunk 194. Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus); 195. White-tailed Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus); 196 harrisii); 198. Texas Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus interpres). ); 182. Lodgepole Chipmunk (Tamias speciosus); 183. Panamint Chipmunk (Tamias panamintinus), merriami); 187. Alpine Chipmunk (Tamias alpinus); 188. Palmer's Chipmunk (Tamias palmeri); 189. (Tamias canipes); 192. Durango Chipmunk (Tamias durangae); 193. Buller's Chipmunk (Tamias bulleri),. Nelson's Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni); 197. Harris's Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus in Sciuridae
On following pages: 180. Yellow-cheeked Chipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys); 181. Long-eared Chipmunk (Tamias quadrimaculatus 184. Hopi Chipmunk (Tamias rufus); 185. Colorado Chipmunk (Tamias quadrivittatus); 186. Merriam''s Chipmunk (Tamias California Chipmunk (Tamias obscurus); 190. Gray-collared Chipmunk (Tamias cinereicollis); 191. Gray-footed Chipmunk 194. Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus); 195. White-tailed Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus); 196 harrisii); 198. Texas Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus interpres). ); 182. Lodgepole Chipmunk (Tamias speciosus); 183. Panamint Chipmunk (Tamias panamintinus), merriami); 187. Alpine Chipmunk (Tamias alpinus); 188. Palmer's Chipmunk (Tamias palmeri); 189. (Tamias canipes); 192. Durango Chipmunk (Tamias durangae); 193. Buller's Chipmunk (Tamias bulleri),. Nelson's Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni); 197. Harris's Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus
Consumption of red maple in anticipation of beech mast-seeding drives reproduction in Eastern chipmunks
1. Understanding the determinants of reproduction is a central question in evolutionary ecology. In pulsed resources environments, the reproduction and population dynamics of seed consumers is driven by pulsed production of seeds by trees, or mast-seeding. In Southern Québec, eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) exclusively reproduce during the summer before and the spring after a mast-seeding event of American beech. They thus seem to anticipate beech mast by reproducing during early summer, so that juveniles can emerge at the time of maximum beechnut abundance during late summer. 2. However, the cues allowing chipmunks to anticipate beech mast remain unknown, and the existence of the anticipation process itself has been questioned. To tackle those issues, we investigated the links between the nutritional ecology and reproduction of adult chipmunks and compared their spring diet in mast- vs post-mast years. 3. We monitored female's reproductive status (N=446), analyzed cheek pouch contents at capture (n=3761 captures), and recorded seed production by deciduous trees on three different sites in Mont-Sutton from 2006 to 2018. 4. Results revealed a systematic shift in chipmunk diet towards red maple seeds in springs preceding a beech mast, with red maple seeds composing more than 77% of chipmunk diet. However, red maple consumption was unrelated to red maple production, but was related to beech seed production in the upcoming fall. We also found that red maple consumption best predicted the proportion of females in summer estrus. 5. Our results confirm that chipmunks anticipate beech mast-seeding and suggest a key role of red maple consumption in that anticipation. Results also suggest that red maple seeds may contain nutrients or secondary-plant components essential to sustain or trigger the summer reproduction in chipmunks, which allow them to remain synchronized with pulsed productions of both red maple and beech and improve their fitness. 08-Jan-2020
Differing, multi-scale landscape effects on genetic diversity and differentiation in eastern chipmunks
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Data from: Indirect genetic and environmental effects on behaviours, morphology, and life-history traits in a wild Eastern chipmunk population
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Data from: Fat and happy in the city: eastern chipmunks in urban environments
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Data from: Social selection acts on behavior and body mass but does not contribute to the total selection differential in Eastern chipmunks
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Consumption of red maple in anticipation of beech mast-seeding drives reproduction in Eastern chipmunks
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Data from: Signaler and receiver boldness influence response to alarm calls in eastern chipmunks
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