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7 results for “eastern hemlock”
Modeling Range Expansion of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Eastern North America 1951-2009
Range expansion by native and non-native species will continue to be a major component of global change. Anticipating the potential effects of changes in species distributions requires models capable of forecasting population spread across realistic, heterogeneous landscapes and subject to spatiotemporal variability in habitat suitability. Several decades of theory and model development, as well as increased computing power and availability of fine-resolution GIS data, now make such models possible. This R code allows simulation of the spread of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae) under climatic conditions experienced from December of 1951 until March of 2009. The code describes a spatially explicit stochastic model that combines dynamic dispersal and population processes with fine-resolution maps characterizing spatiotemporal heterogeneity in winter temperature and hemlock abundance to model range expansion of HWA. The model is parameterized using multi-year datasets describing population and dispersal dynamics of HWA and is applied to eastern North America.
Regional Distribution and Abundance of Eastern Hemlock in Eastern North America 2010
We developed comprehensive maps on the distribution and abundance of hemlock for the purposes of mapping the host distribution, and modeling the spread, of the hemlock woolly adelgid. Multiple statistical models were used to map the distribution of hemlock. Hemlock occurrence data were taken from the FIA database and multiple environmental predictors were gathered from various databases as described in methods. The raster map depicts the predicted abundance of hemlock m2 basal area per hectare) across its range in eastern North America.
Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Tree Growth Study
We initiated a study to assess the impacts of the Hemlock Wooly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, communities at Coweeta. The Hemlock Wooly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae, was first found at Coweeta in 2003. We established 12 20 x 20 m plots: 4 were control hardwood stands, 4 were untreated hemlock communities, and 4 were hemlock that were girdled so we could assess the immediate impact that hemlock death would have on nutrient cycling, the herbaceous community, and other ecosystem functions. This data set is based on yearly dendrometer band and DBH readings to assess tree growth and to track the death and in-growth of individual trees. The study has been continued through 2019.
Data from: A new species and introgression in eastern Asian hemlocks (Pinaceae: Tsuga)
Species delimitation in Pinaceae is often challenged by limited morphological differentiation and introgression. In Tsuga (hemlocks), species delimitation has been most challenging among northeastern Asian taxa, where the species are weakly marked morphologically and range in number from three to five in previous studies. Two low-copy nuclear four-coumarase-ligase (4CL) genes andmorphology strongly support a clade of the Japanese endemic T. diversifolia and T. sieboldii from Japan and Ulleung island (Ulleungdo) in Korea. This clade is here referred to as the oceanic hemlocks. 4CL strongly supports a sister-group relationship of the widespread northeastern Asian T. chinensis and eastern North American T. caroliniana. In contrast, chloroplast genomes, which are markedly reduced in Tsuga and relatives, strongly support Japanese T. sieboldii as sister to T. chinensis and moderately support T. caroliniana as sister to a clade of T. diversifolia and hemlocks fromUlleungdo. These divergent topologies suggest chloroplast capture of T. chinensis by Japanese T. sieboldii. Ulleungdo hemlocks are distinct from other northeastern Asian species in leaf and cone morphology and phenologically in common-garden observations. We therefore describe these hemlocks as a new species, T. ulleungensis.
Data from: Effects of deer browsing on eastern hemlock growth and survival
<p>Studies during the past six decades convincingly demonstrate that persistent browsing by native white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) eliminates the ability of eastern hemlock (<em>Tsuga canadensis</em>), white cedar (<em>Thuja occidentalis</em>), yellow birch (<em>Betula alleghaniensis</em>), and several other long-lived tree species to regenerate in forests of the upper Midwest and northeastern United States. The data shared here were used for three publications to date (see the Related Works section, below): The first is Alverson et al. 2019, which critically examined the relative contributions of deer versus snowshoe hare in reducing the growth and survival of eastern hemlock. The second is Alverson et al. 2024, a more detailed examination of growth and mortality rates of eastern hemlock, and the relationship of those two variables. The third is Waller et al. 2024, which explores the Regeneration Ratio, a new metric that integrates growth ("transit time" through the zone of vulnerability to browsing by deer and other herbivores) and mortality (half-life), and can be used to assess regeneration potential in populations of other tree species. (We are interested in collaborations to further test this metric for additional temperate and tropical species.)</p> <p>This is a rich data set from extensive fieldwork in northern Wisconsin and the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, from 1991 to 2011. It will be useful to others who wish to check our results, or examine specific subsets of data, e.g., the growth and mortality of specific size classes of hemlocks, behaviour of cohorts during a specific decade relative to regional changes in deer or hare abundance, or the characteristics of cohorts growing in specific ownerships. Although we examined the relationship of diameter and height, we did not consider allometry in detail in these publications. We encourage others to explore the allometry of these indigenous, juvenile hemlocks and would be happy to share the limited additional data that we have, upon request.</p>
Data from: A new species and introgression in eastern Asian hemlocks (Pinaceae: Tsuga)
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Data from: Effects of deer browsing on eastern hemlock growth and survival
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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