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194 results for “ecological impact”
Ecological Impacts of Hurricanes Across the Yucatan Peninsula 1851-2000
This study used computer modeling to study the impacts of hurricanes across the Yucatan Peninsula since 1851. For details on methods and results please see the published paper (Boose, E. R., D. R. Foster, A. Barker Plotkin and B. Hall. 2003. Geographical and historical variation in hurricanes across the Yucatan Peninsula. In Lowland Maya Area: Three Millennia at the Human-Wildland Interface. A. Gomez-Pompa, M. F. Allen, S. Fedick and J. J. Jimenez-Osornio, eds. Haworth Press, New York, NY. In press). The Abstract from the paper is reproduced below. "The ecological impacts of hurricanes across the Yucatan Peninsula over the last 150 years were investigated using a simple meteorological model (HURRECON) developed at Harvard Forest as well as a database of historical hurricane data (HURDAT) maintained by the U. S. National Hurricane Center. All hurricanes over the period 1851-2000 with sustained winds of hurricane force (33 meters/sec) within 300 kilometers of the study region were analyzed (n = 105). Each storm was reconstructed to produce estimates of wind damage on the Fujita scale across the region. Individual reconstructions were then compiled to study cumulative impacts of all 105 storms. "Results showed considerable variation in hurricane activity from year to year, and from decade to decade, while at the half-century scale there was an increase in hurricane intensity since the mid-nineteenth century. Ninety percent of the hurricanes causing F1 damage or higher (on the Fujita scale) occurred in the months of August, September, and October. A strong spatial gradient in hurricane frequency and intensity extended across the region from northeast to southwest, resulting from (1) the greater number of hurricanes to the north, (2) the east to west movement of most hurricanes across the area, and (3) the tendency for most hurricanes to weaken significantly after landfall. For example, during the study period, northeastern parts of the peninsula experienced a minimum of
Data from: Basin-scale biogeochemical and ecological impacts of islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In the relatively unproductive waters of the tropical ocean, islands can enhance phytoplankton biomass and create hotspots of productivity and biodiversity that sustain upper trophic levels, including fish that are crucial to the survival of islands’ inhabit- ants. This phenomenon, termed the island mass effect 65 years ago, has been widely described. However, most studies focused on individual islands, and very few documented phytoplankton community composition. Consequently, basin-scale impacts on phytoplankton biomass, primary production and biodiversity remain largely unknown. Here we systematically identify enriched waters near islands from satellite chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) to analyse the island mass effect for all tropical Pacific islands on a climatological basis. We find enrichments near 99% of islands, impacting 3% of the tropical Pacific Ocean. We quantify local and basin-scale increases in chlorophyll and primary production by contrasting island-enriched waters with nearby waters. We also reveal a significant impact on phytoplankton community structure and biodiversity that is identifiable in anomalies in the ocean colour signal. Our results suggest that, in addition to strong local bio- geochemical impacts, islands may have even stronger and farther-reaching ecological impacts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data set and method</strong></p> <p>For each island, an algorithm detected the Island Mass Effect (IME) from climatological satellite chlorophyll maps as a contour enclosing the island and surrounding high-chlorophyll waters, termed IME region. A reference (REF) region of the same size was detected alongside each IME region, enclosing nearby non-IME waters. The IME and REF regions were used to build the IME database described in Messié et al. (2022), that includes variables related to satellite chlorophyll, primary production, and PHYSAT phenoclass diversity metrics in IME and REF regions on a climatological basis.</p> <p>This data set includes 4 files:</p> <ul> <li>island_database.csv: information regarding the 664 islands and shallow reefs where the IME detection was applied</li> <li>IME_masks.nc: monthly climatological masks for the IME and REF regions for all islands,</li> <li>IME_database.nc: IME database as a function of island and climatological month (chlorophyll, primary production, and phenoclass-derived variables calculated within the IME and REF masks).</li> <li>PHYSAT_climatology.nc: climatological maps for each PHYSAT phenoclass, used to calculate phenoclass-derived variables in the IME database.</li> </ul> <p>See details regarding data sources and calculations in <a href="https://rdcu.be/cO4qr">Messié et al. (2022)</a>.</p>
The Impact of Gulf Stream Frontal Eddies on Ecology and Biogeochemistry near Cape Hatteras
<p>This data goes along with the manuscript "The Impact of Gulf Stream Frontal Eddies on Ecology and Biogeochemistry near Cape Hatteras" available as a preprint at https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.22.529409 and under review in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. The code to analyze this data and generate the figures from the paper is available at: https://github.com/patrickcgray/gs_front_analysis (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685135).</p>
Interagency Ecological Program: Data for Synthesis for Ecological Impacts of Drought in the Upper San Francisco Estuary, 1975-2021
These data were collected for the special issue on Drought in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta published in San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 1, March of 2024. Multi-year droughts are important and impactful features of California’s Mediterranean climate and can fundamentally affect the water quality and the ecosystem response of the San Francisco Estuary and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This data set was assembled from data collected by long-term monitoring programs over the past 46 years (1975-2021) to evaluate how the estuary changed during multi-year droughts. Data include fish, zooplankton, jellyfish, clams, temperature, Secchi depth, and salinity as measured by fish and water quality surveys, as well as nutrients and chlorophyll measured by water quality surveys. These data are accompanied by hydrologic metrics including Delta Inflow, Delta Outflow, the position of the 2-PSU isohaline, residence time, and daily values of various continuous water quality stations located in the Delta.
Sampling sites where ecological indices were used to assess the impact of different environmental stressors in aquatic environments in Argentina
Dataset is a compilation of all sampling sites of articles where ecological indices were used to assess the impact of different environmental stressors in aquatic environments from Argentina. Points of this dataset were extracted from 78 papers published between 1996 and 2018. We selected articles that use ecological indices to analyze some local environmental problematics or stressors. Using the type of index from each article we performed the kml file, which contained the categorized sampling sites by different symbols according to the ecological index: physico-chemical, biological, geomorphological and multimetric. We carried out a map (shapefile) with all the sampling sites referenced to the ecoregions of Argentina proposed by Burkart (1999).
Ecological filtering shapes the impacts of agricultural deforestation on biodiversity
<p>This dataset and associated code are for the manuscript titled "Ecological filtering shapes the impacts of agricultural deforestation on biodiversity", which is due to be published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution (accepted on September 20, 2023). The abstract of this manuscript is as follows:</p><p> </p><p>The biodiversity impacts of agricultural deforestation vary widely across regions. Previous efforts to explain this variation have focused exclusively on the landscape features and management regimes of agricultural systems, neglecting the potentially critical role of ecological filtering in shaping deforestation tolerance of extant species assemblages at large geographical scales via selection for functional traits. Here we provide a large-scale test of this role using a global database of species abundance ratios between matched agricultural and native forest sites that comprises 71 avian assemblages reported in 44 primary studies, and a companion database of ten functional traits for all 2,647 species involved. Using meta-analytic, phylogenetic, and multivariate methods, we show that beyond agricultural features, filtering by the extent of natural environmental variability and the severity of historical anthropogenic deforestation shapes the varying deforestation impacts across species assemblages. For assemblages under greater environmental variability – proxied by drier and more seasonal climates under greater disturbance regime – and longer deforestation histories, filtering has attenuated the negative impacts of current deforestation by selecting for functional traits linked to stronger deforestation tolerance. Our study provides a heretofore largely missing piece of knowledge in understanding and managing the biodiversity consequences of deforestation by agricultural deforestation.</p>
Data from: Breaking Barriers? Ethnicity and socioeconomic background impact on early career progression in the fields of ecology and evolution
<p>The academic disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) have long suffered from a lack of diversity. While in recent years there has been some progress in addressing the underrepresentation of women in STEM subjects, other characteristics that have the potential to impact on equality of opportunity have received less attention. In this study, we surveyed 188 early career scientists (ECRs), defined as within ten years of completing their PhD, in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, behaviour, and related disciplines. We examined associations between ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, sex, socioeconomic background, and disability, with measures of career progression, namely publication record, number of applications made before obtaining a postdoc, type of contract, and number of grant applications made. We also queried respondents on perceived barriers to progression, and potential ways of overcoming them. Our key finding was that socioeconomic background and ethnicity were associated with measures of career progression. While there was no difference in the number of reported first-authored papers on PhD completion, ethnic minority respondents reported fewer other-authored papers. In addition, ECRs from a lower socioeconomic background were more likely to report being in teaching and research positions, rather than research only positions, the latter being perceived as more prestigious by some institutions. We discuss our findings in the context of possible inequality of opportunity. We hope that this study will stimulate wider discussion, and help to inform strategies to address the underrepresentation of minority groups in the fields of ecology and evolution, and STEM subjects more widely.</p>
Dataset from Pardini, E. A., Parsons, L. S., Ştefan, V., & Knight, T. M. (2018). GLMM BACI environmental impact analysis shows coastal dune restoration reduces seed predation on an endangered plant. Restoration Ecology, 26(6), 1190-1194.
<p>Data and its metadata used in the analysis from the publication: Pardini, E. A., Parsons, L. S., Ştefan, V., & Knight, T. M. (2018). GLMM BACI environmental impact analysis shows coastal dune restoration reduces seed predation on an endangered plant. Restoration Ecology, 26(6), 1190-1194. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.12678">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.12678</a> </p>
Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
<p>Mobbing is a widespread, vocally coordinated behaviour where species approach and harass a threat. The noisy miner (<em>Manorina melanocephala</em>) is a notorious native Australian honeyeater, well-known for its hyperaggressive mobbing. Numerous studies have identified negative impacts of their mobbing behaviour, highlighting the exclusion of competitors from colony areas and the resulting loss of woodland-bird biodiversity. Despite this, few studies have investigated mobbing itself, and our understanding of the factors which influence its expression remains limited. Here, we use a field-based playback experiment to investigate whether mobbing responses vary in relation to colony borders and caller familiarity. Noisy miners were more likely to respond, reacted more quickly, and responded more strongly to mobbing calls broadcast inside as opposed to outside the colony. These behavioural differences likely arise from variation in the relative costs and benefits of responding. When noisy miners did mob outside the colony, more individuals joined in response to unfamiliar as opposed to familiar callers. Our results reveal that noisy miner mobbing may not be as indiscriminate as often assumed, with caller familiarity and location influencing this behaviour. We suggest there are benefits to greater consideration of the factors impacting noisy miner mobbing behaviour.</p>
Supplementary data for article "Small hydropower – small ecological footprint? A multi-annual environmental impact analysis using aquatic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. Part 2: effects on functional diversity" by Scotti A., et al.
<p>Supplementary data for article "Small hydropower – small ecological footprint? A multi-annual environmental impact analysis using aquatic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. Part 2: effects on functional diversity" by Scotti A., et al.:</p> <p><br> - Trait-based distances calculated for each pair of taxa;</p> <p>- CWM, CWM(LN) values, and their difference (CWMDIFF)</p> <p>Refer to the published articles for further details.</p>
Data from: A hierarchical model for jointly assessing ecological and anthropogenic impacts on animal demography
<p>1. The management of sustainable harvest of animal populations is of great ecological and conservation importance. Development of formal quantitative tools to estimate and mitigate the impacts of harvest on animal populations has positively impacted conservation efforts.</p> <p>2. The vast majority of existing harvest models, however, do not simultaneously estimate ecological and harvest impacts on demographic parameters and population trends. Given that the impacts of ecological drivers are often equal to or greater than the effects of harvest, and can covary with harvest, this disconnect has the potential to lead to flawed inference.</p> <p>3. In this study, we used Bayesian hierarchical models and a 43-year capture-mark-recovery dataset from 404,241 female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) released in the North American midcontinent to estimate mallard demographic parameters. Further, we model the dynamics of waterfowl hunters and habitat, and the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic and ecological processes on mallard demographic parameters.</p> <p>4. We demonstrate that density-dependence, habitat conditions, and harvest can simultaneously impact demographic parameters of female mallards, and discuss implications for existing and future harvest management models.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate the importance of controlling for multicollinearity among demographic drivers in harvest management models, and provide evidence for multiple mechanisms that lead to partial compensation of mallard harvest. We provide a novel model structure to assess these relationships that may allow for improved inference and prediction in future iterations of harvest management models across taxa.</p>
Data for Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates
<p>Model results and observational validation data for "Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates." </p> <p> </p> <p>Model outputs for 1) the COBALTv2 control simulation, 2) the GZ-COBALT base simulation, and the five sensitivity experiments in the following files:</p> <p> </p> <p>Model grid and area fields</p> <ul> <li><em>ocean_annual_static.nc</em></li> <li><em>ocean_static.nc</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly ocean surface fields</p> <ul> <li>Nitrate, phosphate, silica, chlorophyll</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_sfc.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly water column integrated fields</p> <ul> <li>primary production</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_2d.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated tracer fields</p> <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> <li>Dissolved organic nitrogen</li> <li>Nitrogen detritus</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_tracers_int.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated fluxes</p> <ul> <li>Production of: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> </ul> </li> <li>Loss to zooplankton from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, bacteria, small and medium zooplankton, small and large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Aggregation loss from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Injestion by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li>Detritus production by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fluxes_int_1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly detritus fluxes past 100-m:</p> <ul> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fdet_100.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Annual 3-D tracers:</p> <ul> <li>Phytoplankton and zooplankton carbon</li> <li>Mesozooplankton and tunicate carbon</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_tracers_year_z_1988-2007.nc</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Observational data compilation in 1-degree grid cells:</p> <ul> <li>Data compilation of small tunicates (appendicularians, mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) and large tunicates (thaliaceans, mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) as described in the Luo et al. publication. </li> <li>Mesozooplankton from the COPEPOD carbon biomass dataset in mg C m<sup>-3</sup> (Moriarty and O'Brien 2012).</li> <li>The chlorophyll growing season mean (from GlobColour data product, blended in the Southern Ocean with Johnson et al. 2013), in units of mg Chl m<sup>-3</sup>.</li> <li>The tunicate column is a simple addition of the appendicularian + thaliacean column, assuming missing values are zero (use with caution). </li> <li>Please note that these values <strong><em>do not </em></strong>incorporate the 10x biomass adjustment from net-based sampling; this must be added in afterwards.</li> <li><em>ObsCompilation_SmLgTunicates_Mesozooplankton.csv</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>See the below publication for more details:</p> <p><strong>Luo, Jessica Y., </strong>Stock, C. A., Henschke, N., Dunne, J. P., O'Brien, T. D., Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates. <em>Progress in Oceanography</em>. (2022) doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822">10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822</a></p>
Quantifying the ecological impacts of alien aquatic macrophytes: A global meta‐analysis of effects on fish, macroinvertebrate and macrophyte assemblages
<p>Biological invasions constitute a pervasive and growing threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Macrophytes are key primary producers and ecosystem engineers in freshwaters, meaning that alien macrophyte invasions have the capacity to alter the structure and function of recipient aquatic ecosystems profoundly. Although prevailing wisdom holds that alien macrophyte invasions tend to compromise freshwater ecosystem structure and function, the ecological impacts of alien macrophyte invasion have not been quantitatively reviewed to date.</p> <p>Here we present a global meta-analysis of 202 cases from 53 research articles, exploring the impacts of alien macrophyte invasion on the abundance and diversity of three ubiquitous and ecologically important focal groups, which together comprise the bulk of non-microbial freshwater biodiversity: resident macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish. Our synthesis includes data from all continents except Antarctica and Asia, covering 25 alien macrophyte species, but reveals considerable taxonomic and geographical biases in knowledge.</p> <p>Meta-analysis results reveal that invasion by alien macrophytes has an overall negative impact on taxonomic diversity of the three focal groups, but no consistent effect on abundance. At a finer resolution, we detect a strong negative effect of alien macrophyte invasion on resident macrophyte abundance and diversity, and a significant but smaller positive effect of submerged alien macrophyte invasion on macroinvertebrates. Effects on fish appear inconsistent.</p> <p>Our findings emphasise the importance of context- and taxon-specific ecological research in informing appropriate and proportionate management of alien macrophyte invasions, since alien macrophyte impacts are not consistently negative. We also identify significant geographical and taxonomic limitations in existing studies, quantitative data being lacking for many alien taxa.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 5 | Maximum Similitude Tree showing the expression and relationship of impacts over fisheries in the four areas sampled on the Sub-Middle and on Lower São Francisco, based on fishers' testimonies (n = 107).
FIGURE 4 in Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4 | Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis concerning impacts over the ichthyofauna in the four sampled areas on the Sub-Middle and Lower São Francisco.
FIGURE 3 in Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3 | List of main impacts mentioned in A. Area 1, B. Area 2, C. Area 3, and D. Area 4, according to fishers from the final portion of the Sub-Middle and Lower São Francisco. Dam: dams; Mac: macrophytes; Aqu: aquaculture; Pol: pollution; Ovf: overfishing; Abr: absence of rain; Def: deforestation; Sil: silting; Salt: salinity.
FIGURE 2 in Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2 | Frequency (A) and Word Cloud (B) analyses regarding the impacts over the ichthyofauna, according to fishers from the four sampled areas on the Sub-Middle and on Lower São Francisco. a. Dam; b. Macrophytes; c. Pollution; d. Overfishing; e. Absence of rain; f. Aquaculture; g. Deforestation; h. Silting; i. Water transfer; j. Non-native species; k. Irrigation; l. Pesticide; m. Salinization.
FIGURE 1 in Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1 | Fishers' communities on the four areas visited on the Sub-Middle and on Lower São Francisco, Northeastern Brazil. PE = Pernambuco State; BA = Bahia State; AL = Alagoas State; SE = Sergipe State.
Figure 4 in Ecological and economic impacts of exotic fish species on fisheries in the Pearl River basin
Figure 4. Multipanel display of the pairwise relationships between the biomass percentages of different species in catches, with bivariate scatter plots in the lower panels, histograms on the diagonal and Pearson's r correlations in the upper panels (statistical significance: P <0.001 ***, P <0.01 **, P <0.05 *).
Figure 3 in Ecological and economic impacts of exotic fish species on fisheries in the Pearl River basin
Figure 3. Correlation analysis between the CPUE, number of economic exotic species, biomass percentage of exotic species and environmental variables.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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