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69 results for “ecological management”
Sustaining Cities, Naturally Webinar: Ecology Session - Ecological management – let's bring biodiversity to cities
<p>Poorly planned urbanisation can lead to societal challenges as social deprivation, climate change, deteriorating health and increasing pressure on urban nature. Urban ecosystem restoration can contribute to lessen these challenges, e.g. through implementing nature-based solutions (NBS). </p> <p>This film was shown as part of the online webinar ‘Sustaining cities, Naturally: Urban ecosystem restoration in Europe, China and Latin America’, which took place as an official side-event of the European Week of Regions and Cities 2022 on 13th and 14th October 2023. The webinar was jointly organised by the projects: INTERLACE, CONEXUS, Regreen and CLEARING HOUSE. </p> <p>The webinar illustrated how Horizon 2020 projects support international cooperation in knowledge creation and knowledge exchange between local authorities and researchers to promote urban ecosystem restoration in Europe, China and Latin America and brought together cities, regions and local authorities, city network representatives, policy makers, researchers, civil society and experts on nature-based solutions and urban ecosystem restoration from Europe, China and Latin America. </p>
Supplementary data for "Ecological assessment of combined sewer overflow management practices through the analysis of benthic and hyporheic sediment bacterial assemblages of an intermittent stream"
<p><strong>Supplementary data for the Pozzi <em>et al.</em> paper entitled "Ecological assessment of combined sewer overflow management practices through the analysis of benthic and hyporheic microbial assemblages and a tracking of exogenous bacterial taxa in a peri-urban intermittent stream".</strong></p> <p># Created by Dr Adrien C. MEYNIER POZZI on June, 29th, 2023<br> # Part of DOmic research project funded by the Agence de l’Eau - Rhône Méditerranée Corse [AE-RMC, Project 2020 0702 DOmic, 2020-2023], and of the DOmic extension funded by the EUR H2O'Lyon [ANR-17-EURE-0018] of Université de Lyon<br> # Part of the Chaudanne river long-term experiment site belonging to the Observatoire de Terrain en Hydrologie Urbaine (OTHU)<br> # Part of the work conducted in the team on Opportinistic Bacterial Pathogen in the Environment (BPOE) led by Dr. Benoit Cournoyer<br> # Samples were obtained in 2 campaigns, corresponding to periods before (2010-2011) or after (2018) the implementation of the 91/271/EEC European Directive that limited Combined-Sewer Overflow (CSO) discharges to the Chaudanne river<br> # Samples consisted in surface water, benthic and hyporheic sediments taken in run, riffle and pool geomorphologic features, either upstream or downstream the CSO outlet, plus positive and negative controls</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Metadata. Name and description of data tables provided as supplementary information</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Data Name</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data S1. River hydrology variables and hydraulic gradients at surveyed transects</td> <td>Array to describe the hydrologic variables and gradients at the studied transects. Top line is header, second line is metadata for each recorded variable, and third line is the unit of the variable, if any.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data S2. Environmental variables (water physical-chemistry, nutrients, FIBs, MTEs, PAHs) with metadata</td> <td>An array to list environmental variables for all true samples (n=90) included in the study. Sample identifiers and dates are provided. First 8 rows list the CAS number, SANDRE number, unit, method, limit of quantification and norm for each variable, if any.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data S3. Hydrological indices and synthetic variables computed with ClustOfVar</td> <td>Hydrological indices computed for the river flow, precipitations and CSO overflows computed over a 3-week period preceding each sampling date.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data S4. Discharge events selected to compute CSO dilution ratios</td> <td>An array to describe CSO events included for the computation of the CSO dilution ratio (SI Data 6A) together with 6 tables and 3 figures (SI Data 6B to 6J) describing the CSO event ratio all year round over the studied period, as well as for events that occurred before or after the CSO was modified and during low flow or high flow season. In SI Data 6A, top line is header and second line is metadata for each recorded variable.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data S5. Raw environmental matrix for use in R</td> <td>An array to list experimental design and environmental variables for all true samples and controls. Several environmental variables were synthetized using the ClustOfVar method (Chavent et al (2012) 10.18637/jss.v050.i13). Format is directly usable in R software.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Data and R code for “Individual-level variation in reproductive effort in chestnut oak (Quercus montana Willd.) and black oak (Q. velutina Lam.)”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Masting is a population-level reproductive strategy, where individuals synchronize large but intermittent seed production. Despite the high degree of synchrony at the population level, there can be considerable variation in reproduction among individuals (intraspecific variation). Here, we use 18 years of acorn production data from individual chestnut oak and black oak from control and thinned stands, to understand what factors influence individual differences in reproductive effort and variability. We included a variety of tree-level measurements, environmental characteristics, and measurements from tree cores to determine if certain characteristics were associated variations in reproduction. We considered both mean annual acorn production per m2 crown and interannual variation in acorn production (CV) as response variables. We also classified individuals as super producers (i.e., those that consistently produce more acorns than others), good, fair and poor producers (i.e., those that consistently produce less or have a higher number of failure years). In chestnut oak, 14% of the individuals were classified as super producers and contributed 34% of the total acorns, while poor producers made up 35% of the trees and contributed only 16% to total acorn production. In black oak, super producers (14% of the individuals) contributed 31% of total acorns and poor producers (24% of the individuals) contributed only 9% of the acorns. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was the most consistent variable for explaining intraspecific variation in reproductive effort and variability (i.e., larger individuals had higher mean acorn production for both chestnut oak and black oak, and lower CV for black oak). Other variables that influenced reproduction and variation included elevation and clay content for chestnut oak, and slope for black oak. We found no significant effect from the thinning treatment on acorn production. Our results illustrate how tree-level and environmental characte
Ecological forecasts for marine resource management during climate extremes
<p><span>Forecasting weather has become commonplace, but as society faces novel and uncertain environmental conditions there is a critical need to forecast ecology. Forewarning of ecosystem conditions during climate extremes can support proactive decision-making, yet applications of ecological forecasts are still limited. We showcase the capacity for existing marine management tools to transition to a forecasting configuration and provide skilful ecological forecasts up to 12 months in advance. The management tools use ocean temperature anomalies to help mitigate whale entanglements and sea turtle bycatch, and we show that forecasts can forewarn of human-wildlife interactions caused by unprecedented climate extremes. <span>We further show that regionally downscaled forecasts are not a necessity for ecological forecasting and can be less skilful than global forecasts if they have fewer ensemble members.</span> Our results highlight capacity for ecological forecasts to be explored for regions without the infrastructure or capacity to regionally downscale, ultimately helping to improve marine resource management and climate adaptation globally.</span></p>
Fig. 7 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 7. Ordination plot of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen's answers about fishing season of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.
Fig. 6 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 6. Ordination plot of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen's answers about migratory routes of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.
Fig. 4 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 4. Trophic chain based on those food items and predators most cited by fishermen in the southeastern Brazilian coast for a) reef fishes and b) pelagic fishes. Numbers are percent of interviewed fishermen who mentioned each feeding interaction. Fish sizes are not in scale. Those feeding interactions that agree with reported feeding habits of these fishes in the biological literature are marked *(Randall, 1967; Berkeley & Houde, 1978; Menezes & Figueiredo, 1980; Sazima, 1986; Pipitone & Andaloro, 1995; Barreiros & Santos, 1998; Vasconcellos & Gasalla, 2001; Silvano, 2001; Silvano & Güth, 2006; Figueiredo & Vieira, 2005; Gibran, 2007).
Fig. 3 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 3. Main habitats of fishes according to fishermen in the southeastern Brazilian coast: percentages of fishermen who mentioned each habitat category are in Appendix 1. Double-headed arrows indicate that fishes occur in both habitats in horizontal space (e.g. open ocean and reefs), up and down arrows indicate that fishes occur in both habitats in vertical space (e.g., near the bottom and at the surface). Fish sizes are not in scale.
Fig. 1 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 1. Ordination plot of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen answers about uses of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.
Fig. 2 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 2. Ordination plots of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen answers about fishing methods and baits of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.
Fig. 8 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 8. Ordination plot of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen's answers about reproductive (spawning) season of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.
Fig. 5 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management
Fig. 5. Ordination plot of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen's answers about migratory behavior of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.
Karuk ecological fire management practices promote elk habitat in Northern California
<p>After a century of fire suppression and accumulating fuel loads in North American forests, prescribed burns are increasingly used to prevent conditions leading to catastrophic megafire. There is widespread evidence that prescribed fire was used by Indigenous communities to manage natural and cultural resources tribes for thousands of years. Wildlife habitat is an example of an ecological response that was actively managed with prescribed burns by Indigenous American peoples and is an important factor in western U.S. forest management planning, restoration and climate resilience efforts. We analyzed the effects of modern prescribed burns informed by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on the predicted change in elk winter habitat in Karuk aboriginal territory in Northern California between 2013 and 2018 using species distribution and simultaneous autoregressive modeling techniques. Burn types most closely resembling Karuk traditional practices, specifically those incorporating multiple-year broadcast burns, had significant positive effects on elk winter habitat suitability. Conversely, concentrated burns focused solely on reducing fuel loads had significant negative effects on elk winter habitat suitability. However, areas where these fuel-reduction burns were combined with multiple years of broadcast burns featured the highest increases in habitat. Our results suggest that transitioning to prescribed burns that more closely follow Karuk TEK will promote elk habitat in the region. This would be best achieved through continuing to work closely with Indigenous representatives to plan and implement cultural fire prescriptions on a landscape-scale, a trend we posit would benefit environmental management efforts across the globe.</p>
New indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance to support prioritization and management in the sagebrush biome, United States
<p>Ecosystem transformations to altered or novel ecological states are accelerating across the globe. Indicators of ecological resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion can aid in assessing risks and prioritizing areas for conservation and restoration. The sagebrush biome encompasses parts of 11 western states and is experiencing rapid transformations due to human population growth, invasive species, altered disturbance regimes, and climate change. We built on prior use of static soil moisture and temperature regimes to develop new, ecologically relevant and climate-responsive indicators of both resilience and resistance. Our new indicators were based on climate and soil water availability variables derived from process-based ecohydrological models that allow predictions of future conditions. We asked: (1) Which variables best indicate resilience and resistance? (2) What are the relationships among the indicator variables and resilience and resistance categories? (3) How do patterns of resilience and resistance vary across the area? We assembled a large database (n = 24,045) of vegetation sample plots from regional monitoring programs and derived multiple climate and soil water availability variables for each plot from ecohydrological simulations. We used USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service National Soils Survey Information, Ecological Site Descriptions, and expert knowledge to develop and assign ecological types and resilience and resistance categories to each plot. We used random forest models to derive a set of 19 climate and water availability variables that best predicted resilience and resistance categories. Our models had relatively high multiclass accuracy (80% for resilience; 75% for resistance). Top indicator variables for both resilience and resistance included mean temperature, coldest month temperature, climatic water deficit, and summer and driest month precipitation. Variable relationships and patterns differed among ecoregions but reflected environmental gradients; low resilience and resistance were indicated by warm and dry conditions with high climatic water deficits, and moderately high to high resilience and resistance were characterized by cooler and moister conditions with low climatic water deficits. The new, ecologically-relevant indicators provide information on the vulnerability of resources and likely success of management actions and can be used to develop new approaches and tools for prioritizing areas for conservation and restoration actions.</p>
New indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance to support prioritization and management in the sagebrush biome, United States
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Ecological forecasts for marine resource management during climate extremes
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Karuk ecological fire management practices promote elk habitat in Northern California
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Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).
Study of the overwintering ecology of the hazelnut pest, Palomena prasina (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a perspective of Integrated Pest Management
<p class="MsoNormal"><em>Palomena prasina</em>, the green shield bug (GSB), is widely distributed in the Eurosiberian region. In the Southwest of France it is considered a serious pest of hazelnuts, its feeding punctures lead to blank hazelnuts and kernel necrosis, causing heavy losses in commercial orchards. To date, no Integrated Pest Management strategy is available to control <em>P. prasina</em>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Control strategies often focus on the pests' spring-summer ecology, when they are in the field or in the vicinity of crops. However, the abundance of pest populations in crops is also related to their autumn-winter ecology. The present work focussed on the autumn-winter ecology of <em>P. prasina</em> to identify new opportunities for this pest suppression. We investigate (i) where <em>P. prasina</em> overwinters, (ii) if it aggregates in its overwintering sites, and (iii) if it mates while overwintering. Samples were collected over a two-year period in different ecosystems (forests, hedges, orchards), in human-made structures, and habitats (litter, bushes/trees, dead trees). The reproductive status of GBS individuals was monitored in winter, and in spring when they emerged from overwintering sites.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Our results show that 97% <em>P. prasina</em> adults overwinter in the leaf litter of orchards and natural ecosystems and that 70% overwinter individually. The abundance of GSB in those sites is negatively correlated with litter temperature and positively correlated with humidity levels. Furthermore, adults only mate after leaving their overwintering site. Finally, there was an important number of overwintering adults hosting endoparasitoids (32%).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The fact that GSB overwinters alone in the leaf litter means controlling its populations by destroying the overwintering sites is not a solution. All the same, our results do open new perspectives for the control of <em>P. prasina</em>. First, the emergence traps, in particular the cone traps, proved efficient for collecting emerging adults and could be used for monitoring. Moreover, our observations point out the existence of long-range mating signals that could be exploited for trapping. Last but not least, the important number of overwintering parasitised adults is a promising biocontrol avenue.</p>
Integration of genomic and ecologic methods inform management of an undescribed, yet highly exploited, sardine species
<p>Assessing genetic diversity within species is key for conservation strategies in the context of human-induced biotic changes. This is important in marine systems where many species remain undescribed while being overfished, and conflicts between resource-users and conservation agencies are common. Combining niche modelling with population genomics can contribute to resolving those conflicts by identifying management units and understanding how past climatic cycles resulted in current patterns of genetic diversity. We addressed these issues on an undescribed but already overexploited species of sardine of the genus <em>Harengula</em>. We find that the species distribution is determined by salinity and depth, with a continuous distribution along the Brazilian mainland and two disconnected oceanic archipelagos. Genomic data indicates that such biogeographic barriers are associated with two divergent intraspecific lineages. Changes in habitat availability during the last glacial cycle led to different demographic histories among stocks. One coastal population experienced a 3.6-fold expansion, whereas an island-associated population contracted 3-fold, relative to the size of the ancestral population. Our results indicate that the island population should be managed separately from the coastal population, and that a Marine Protected Area covering part of the island population distribution can support the viability of this lineage.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.