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27 results for “ecological stability”
Soil Organic Matter Mechanisms of Stabilization (SOMMOS) - enhanced soil characterization data from 40 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical linkage among many ecosystem services that sustain our society and life on Earth. It is the primary energy source for microbes and the principal storehouse of water necessary for plant growth. SOM also stores nutrients for plants and sorbs pollutants that otherwise could contaminate food and water supplies. Soils also help regulate climate by storing carbon that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. The SOMMOS project investigated processes in the soil that protect SOM from being decomposed by microbes, processes that increase its sensitivity to environmental changes, and how changes in climate and land management influence the amount and stability of SOM. The project, which was a collaboration between scientists from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), University of Colorado, University of Michigan, Oregon State University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and the USDA-Forest Service, took advantage of soil samples collected across NEON, a major NSF investment in environmental monitoring that covers the entire United States. This continental-scale soil sample set was analyzed for a wide array of physical and chemical properties, well beyond those typically measured on such a large-scale sample set, including radiocarbon, extractable metals, organic matter chemistry by pyrolysis-GCMS, liquid extract fluorescence spectroscopy, and more. In addition to this dataset, archived samples are available from the project for sharing with interested researchers.
Fig. 3 in Fossil thrips of the family Uzelothripidae suggest 53 million years of morphological and ecological stability
Fig. 3. Ascomycetes found attached to the cuticle of the fossil and extant uzelothripid insects. The small panels show higher magnification images of some fossil and extant fungi found at the locations indicated by the arrows. A. Fossil apterous specimen of Uzelothrips eocenicus P. Nel and A. Nel sp. nov. The image is composed of photographs obtained from those optical sections which show the attached fungi most clearly. The arrowhead in the uppermost left panel indicates a Capnosporium−like conidium; the arrowhead in the middle right panel indicates a tapering hypha tip with dividing stage. B. Recent specimen of Uzelothrips scabrosus Hood, 1952 (reconstitution of two photographs by Laurence A. Mound, see also Mound 2011). The asterisk refers to the elongated hypha that has possibly grown on the surface of the thrips after attachment.
Fig. 1 in Fossil thrips of the family Uzelothripidae suggest 53 million years of morphological and ecological stability
Fig. 1. Macropterous specimen of uzelothripid insect Uzelothrips eocenicus P. Nel and A. Nel sp. nov., Lowermost Eocene, Le Quesnoy, Oise, France. A. Dorsal habitus; inset: detail of antennal segments III and IV. B. Drawings of right antennal segments III and IV in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. Camera lucida drawing of dorsal habitus. D. Detail of the head showing symmetrical pair of humps between eyes, each bearing three prominent tubercles from which arise setae.
Fig. 2 in Fossil thrips of the family Uzelothripidae suggest 53 million years of morphological and ecological stability
Fig. 2. Apterous specimen of uzelothripid insect Uzelothrips eocenicus P. Nel and A. Nel sp. nov., Lowermost Eocene, Le Quesnoy, Oise, France. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Drawings of right antennal segments III and IV in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. Detail of tergites IV and V showing comb of short teeth on posterior margins. D. Camera lucida drawing in ventral view of head and antenna.
Code from: Spatial resource heterogeneity stabilizes local and regional predator-prey dynamics in ecologically-realistic networks
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temporalNEON: Repository containing raw and cleaned-up organismal data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) useful for evaluating the links between change in biodiversity and ecosystem stability
Organismal data include the following taxonomic groups: small mammals, fish, ground beetles, and aquatic macroinvertebrates. Data were retrieved from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) database in November 2020. We submit both raw data retrieved from NEON as .rds files, R code used to process these data, as well as processed data as .csv files.
Stabilized morphological evolution of spiders despite mosaic changes in foraging ecology
<p><span>A prominent question in animal research is how the evolution of morphology and ecology interact in the generation of phenotypic diversity. Spiders are some of the most abundant arthropod predators in terrestrial ecosystems and exhibit a diversity of foraging styles. It remains unclear how spider body size and proportions relate to foraging style, and if the use of webs as prey capture devices correlates with changes in body characteristics. Here we present the most extensive dataset to date of morphometric and ecological traits in spiders. We used this dataset to estimate the change in spider body sizes and shapes over deep time and to test if and how spider phenotypes are correlated with their behavioural ecology. We found that phylogenetic variation of most traits best fitted an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, which is a model of stabilizing selection. A prominent exception was body length, whose evolutionary dynamics were best explained with a Brownian Motion (free trait diffusion) model. This was most expressed in the araneoid clade (ecribellate orb-weaving spiders and allies) that showed bimodal trends towards either miniaturization or gigantism. Only few traits differed significantly between ecological guilds, most prominently leg length and thickness, and although a multivariate framework found general differences in traits among ecological guilds, it was not possible to unequivocally associate a set of morphometric traits with the relative ecological mode. Long, thin legs have often evolved with aerial webs and a hanging (suspended) locomotion style, but this trend is not general. Eye size and fang length did not differ between ecological guilds, rejecting the hypothesis that webs reduce the need for visual cue recognition and prey immobilization. For the inference of the ecology of species with unknown behaviours, we propose not to use morphometric traits, but rather consult (micro-)morphological characters, such as the presence of certain podal structures. These results suggest that, in contrast to insects, the evolution of body proportions in spiders is unusually stabilized, and ecological adaptations are dominantly realized by behavioural traits and extended phenotypes in this group of predators. This work demonstrates the power of combining recent advances in phylogenomics with trait-based approaches to better understand global functional diversity patterns through space and time.</span></p>
Data from: Towards a better ecological understanding of metacommunity stability: A multiscale framework to disentangle population variability and synchrony effects
<p>1. Despite great progress in our understanding of the mechanisms governing ecosystem stability in local communities, we still lack knowledge at a larger spatial scale. Studying the stability of metacommunities requires assessing the temporal stability and synchrony of populations across space and organizational levels. Previous attempts to disentangle these effects have provided limited ecological interpretations, and conceptual improvements are needed to identify the underlying ecological processes.</p> <p>2. We propose an extended framework aiming at disentangling simultaneously the relative effects of population stability and different types of synchronies on metacommunity stability. We adapted previous methods of decomposing stability into a new set of indices associated with clearer ecological hypotheses. Particularly, we provide synchrony indices that are not affected by statistical properties of the metacommunity but focus on species responses to environment, demography, and interactions. We applied this framework to a unique dataset describing the sorted biomass of individual plant populations, across 12 communities of a species-rich meadow, and for 16 years. The communities were sampled in different treatments of fertilization and dominant removal to evaluate the effect of environmental heterogeneity on stability.</p> <p>3. We found higher stability at a larger spatial scale, mainly due to statistical averaging (portfolio effect). The variability of individual populations was an important determinant of the stability of the whole metacommunity. Consistent with the hypothesis of a common response to environmental conditions, we found that the fluctuations of populations were mostly synchronized (within and between species) at a large spatial scale and tended to destabilize the metacommunity. On the other hand, opposite fluctuations (anti-synchrony) between populations occurred at the local scale, probably due to local species interactions.</p> <p>4. Synthesis Our framework appears as a powerful tool to test how ecological processes occurring simultaneously at different spatial and organizational scales affect the stability of metacommunities. This study advances our ecological understanding of the processes underlying the stability of species-rich environments. --</p>
Partitioning species contributions to ecological stability - Data and Code
<p>This repository contains all R code and data used for the manuscript entitled "Partitioning species contributions to ecological stability in disturbed communities".</p> <p>Authors: Charlotte Kunze, Dominik Bahlburg, Pablo Urrutia-Cordero, Maren Striebel, Egle Kelpsiene, Silke Langenheder, Ian Donohue & Helmut Hillebrand</p>
Stabilized morphological evolution of spiders despite mosaic changes in foraging ecology
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Data from: Towards a better ecological understanding of metacommunity stability: A multiscale framework to disentangle population variability and synchrony effects
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Data from: Life history traits and functional processes generate multiple pathways to ecological stability
Stability contributes to the persistence of ecological communities, yet the interactions among different stabilizing forces are poorly understood. We assembled mesocosms with an algal resource and 1-8 different clones of the consumer Daphnia ambigua and tracked algal and Daphnia abundances through time. We then fitted coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to the consumer-resource time series. We show that variation in different components of stability (local stability and the magnitude of population fluctuations) across mesocosms arises through variation in life history traits and the functional processes represented by ODE model parameters. Local stability was enhanced by increased algal growth rate and Daphnia mortality and foraging rate. Population fluctuations were dampened by high Daphnia conversion efficiency and lower interaction strengths, low algal growth rate, high Daphnia death rate, and low Daphnia foraging. These results indicate that 1) stability in consumer-resource systems may arise through the net effect of multiple related stabilizing pathways, and 2) different aspects of stability can vary independently and may respond in opposite directions to the same forces.
Data, Metadata, R-codes and R data files for publication "Comparative ungulate diversity and biomass change with human use and drought: implications for community stability and protected area prioritization in African savannas" by Bartzke et al. in Ecology and Evolution
<p>These files contain data and metadata for modeling ungulate diversity and biomass in the Maasai Mara ecosystem in Kenya in the drought year of 1999 and a year with normal rainfall, 2002. The files also contain R codes and R data files.</p> <p>Metadata.pdf: Metadata for files "mc_333m.csv" and "mc_1km.csv"</p> <p>mc_333m.csv: A data file for 333-meter-by-333-meter sub-blocks.</p> <p>prepare_data.r: R code to impute missing vegetation records in 333-meter-by-333-meter subblocks and summarize the data over 1-kilometer-by-1-kilometer blocks for analysis.</p> <p>krige_vegetation.RData: An R data file containing the imputed vegetation records.</p> <p>mc_1km.csv: A data file for 1-kilometer-by-1-kilometer blocks for analysis.</p> <p>mc_1km.r: R code for modeling ungulate diversity and biomass; mc_1km_mod.RData: An R data file for loading the ungulate diversity and biomass models.</p> <p>mc_1km.RData: An R data file containing model predictions of ungulate diversity and biomass.</p> <p>mc_1km_plots.r: R code for plotting model predictions of ungulate diversity and biomass.</p> <p>MMNR_boundary.shp: A shapefile of the Maasai Mara National Reserve boundary in Kenya and associated files. These files are used for plotting the predictions of ungulate diversity and biomass.</p> <p>MMNR_border.zip: A shapefile and associated files for the Maasai Mara National Reserve border with Tanzania. These files are also used for plotting predictions of ungulate diversity and biomass.</p>
Fig. 1 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?
Fig. 1. Ecological niche models (ENMs) estimated for each of the five species from present-day to Last Glacial Maximum, and climatic stability based on the ENM time series. Color coding uses "warm" colors to indicate areas of highest probability of occurrence, or highest climatic stability. Species names are abbreviated as follows: C.p. (Cryptocercus punctulatus), R.f. (Reticulitermes flavipes), O.d. (Odontotaenius disjunctus), S.s. (Scolopocryptops sexspinosus), and N.a. (Narceus americanus).
Fig. 4 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?
Fig. 4. Assessment of phylogeographic structure via comparison of FST (grey bars) versus Φ ST (black bars). All values represent mean differentiation across all pairs of BAPS clusters per species (i.e., "global" values). Species names are abbreviated as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?
Fig. 2. Unrooted dendrograms representing two competing hypotheses about key drivers of phylogeographic congruence among five saproxylic invertebrates: abiotic factors related to historical climatic stability (left) versus biotic factors related to ecological co-associations (right). Scale bars represent either the inverse of a measure of habitat overlap (1 – Schoener's D; left), or the cumulative dissimilarity score for species interactions based on trophic guild, timing of colonization during succession, frequency of syntopy, and presumed interaction type (right). Numbers on nodes for the biotic drivers scenario indicate the number of jackknife replicates (out of 4) that supported a given predicted partition. Species names are abbreviated as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?
Fig. 3. The number and distribution of spatial-genetic clusters, and phylogenetic relationships among mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, for each of the five focal species. BAPS clusters were arbitrarily color-coded (alphabetic names are also shown), and spatial projections were based on membership of georeferenced individuals (Voronoї tessellations not shown). Grey shading identifies the "northern region" of the study area, referred to in the main text. Rooted phylogenetic trees (outgroup not shown) are simplified and color-coded corresponding to BAPS cluster membership of each mtDNA haplotype. Nodes with bootstrap support values>70% are marked by asterisks. Species names are abbreviated as in Fig. 1.
Data from: Ecosystem engineers shape ecological network structure and stability: a framework and literature review
<p>Ecosystem engineering is a ubiquitous process where species influence the physical environment and thereby structure ecological communities. However, there has been little effort to synthesise or predict how ecosystem engineering may impact the structure and stability of interaction networks. To assess the current scientific understanding of ecosystem engineering impacts via habitat forming, habitat modification, and bioturbation on interaction networks/food webs, we reviewed the literature covering marine, freshwater, and terrestrial food webs, plant-pollinator networks, and theory. We provide a conceptual framework and identify three major pathways of engineering impact on networks through changes in resource availability and energy flow, habitat heterogeneity, and environmental filtering. These three processes often work in concert and most studies report that engineering increases species richness. This is particularly marked for engineers that increase habitat heterogeneity and thereby the number of available niches. The response of network structure to ecosystem engineering varies, however some patterns emerge from this review. Engineered habitat heterogeneity leads to a higher number of links between species in the networks and increases link density. Connectance can be negatively or positively affected by ecosystem engineer impact, depending on the engineering pathway and the engineer impact of species richness. We discuss how ecosystem engineers can stabilize or destabilize communities through the changes in niche space, diversity, network structure, and the dependency on the engineering impact. Theory and empirical evidence need to inform each other to better integrate ecosystem engineering and ecological networks. A mechanistic understanding how ecosystem engineering traits shape interactions networks and their stability will be important to predict species extinctions and can provide crucial information for conservation and ecosystem restoration.</p>
Is phylogeographic congruence predicted by historical habitat stability, or ecological co-associations?
<p>Comparative phylogeographic studies can uniquely distinguish idiosyncratic versus community-wide responses to past environmental change. However, to date, impacts of species interactions have been largely overlooked. Here we used non-genetic data to characterize two competing scenarios about expected levels of congruence among five saproxylic invertebrate species (i.e., a wood-feeding cockroach, termite and beetle; a predatory centipede, and a detritivorous millipede) from the southern Appalachians mountains—a topographically complex unglaciated landscape. Under one scenario, abiotic factors primarily drove species' responses, with predicted congruence based on spatial overlap of climatically stable habitat areas estimated for each species via ecological niche modeling. The other scenario considered biotic factors to be most influential, with proxies for actual or potential direct interactions used to predict congruence. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence datasets for each species focused on four axes of comparison: the number and distribution of spatial-genetic clusters, phylogeographic structure, changes in long-term effective population size, and historical gene flow dynamics. Overall, we found stronger support for ecological co-associations scenario, suggesting an important influence of biotic factors in constraining or facilitating species' responses to Pleistocene climatic cycles. However, there was an imperfect fit between this scenario's predictions and outcomes of empirical data analyses. Thus, our conclusions are compelling, but tentative. This work advances comparative phylogeography by expanding the scope of inferences beyond abiotic drivers, and provides insights into the evolutionary history of a functionally important ecological community, within a globally recognized center of endemism.</p>
Data from: Weakly interacting species as drivers of ecological stability
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.