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79 results for “ecosystem restoration”
Incentive mechanisms and the provision of public goods: Field experiment data for testing alternative economic frameworks to supply ecosystem restoration on Virginia's Eastern Shore: 2008 data.
This dataset consists of participant responses in one of two economic experiments conducted on Virginia's Eastern Shore during 2008 and 2009 by Elizabeth C. Smith used to gauge resident preferences and willingness-to-pay for ecosystem restoration activities. This dataset was designed to be used to examine a practical method to implement an individualized pricing approach to public good provision, grounded in Lindahl's marginal benefit theory. The study's focus was on ecosystem valuation and market approaches that have potential to provide public goods, examining the potential to generate revenues for public goods from consumers. While willingness-to-pay measurement techniques have been used to assess preferences for many environmental goods, this research goes a step further to explore real money auctions that generate revenues sufficient to pay for restoration activities. The data from the field experiments conducted in coastal Virginia were used, along with laboratory experiment data, to evaluate the performance of auction mechanisms in generating revenues relative to potential (Hicksian) willingness to pay for marginal increments in public goods. The field execution of this experiment involved residents of Virginia's Eastern Shore and local public goods. This application involved half-acre increments of ecosystem restoration for sea grass habitat in coastal lagoons, plantings for migratory bird habitat, and, in some auctions, clam-based increments of water quality services, defined as delaying the harvest of clams for six months beyond normal harvest by an existing aquaculture firm. To perform these tasks, participants were provided a budget, between $90 and $150. The auctioneer described for participants the ecosystem services that may result from additional ecosystem restoration associated with each activity. The actual levels of ecosystem restoration provided were based on aggregate offers reaching a pre-determined (but unknown to the participants) provision p
Incentive mechanisms and the provision of public goods: Field experiment data for testing alternative economic frameworks to supply ecosystem restoration on Virginia's Eastern Shore: 2009 data.
This dataset consists of participant responses in one of two economic experiments conducted on Virginia's Eastern Shore during 2008 and 2009 by Elizabeth C. Smith used to gauge resident preferences and willingness-to-pay for ecosystem restoration activities. This dataset was designed to be used to examine a practical method to implement an individualized pricing approach to public good provision, grounded in Lindahl's marginal benefit theory. The study's focus was on ecosystem valuation and market approaches that have potential to provide public goods, examining the potential to generate revenues for public goods from consumers. While willingness-to-pay measurement techniques have been used to assess preferences for many environmental goods, this research goes a step further to explore real money auctions that generate revenues sufficient to pay for restoration activities. The data from the field experiments conducted in coastal Virginia were used, along with laboratory experiment data, to evaluate the performance of auction mechanisms in generating revenues relative to potential (Hicksian) willingness to pay for marginal increments in public goods. The field execution of this experiment involved residents of Virginia's Eastern Shore and local public goods. This application involved half-acre increments of ecosystem restoration for sea grass habitat in coastal lagoons, plantings for migratory bird habitat, and, in some auctions, clam-based increments of water quality services, defined as delaying the harvest of clams for six months beyond normal harvest by an existing aquaculture firm. To perform these tasks, participants were provided a budget, between $90 and $150. The auctioneer described for participants the ecosystem services that may result from additional ecosystem restoration associated with each activity. The actual levels of ecosystem restoration provided were based on aggregate offers reaching a pre-determined (but unknown to the participants) provision p
Meta-analysis of ecosystem services associated with oyster restoration on the Eastern and Gulf coasts of the US
We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically quantify the success and uncertainty of oyster reef restoration for a suite of biological, biogeochemical, and physical ecosystem services relative to both degraded and natural reference habitats. We focused on the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. To evaluate whether restored eastern oyster reefs enhance ecosystem services relative to unaltered, degraded habitats and whether restored reefs provide ecosystem services equivalent to reference reefs, we synthesized data and calculated log response ratios for 245 restored-degraded reef pairs and 136 restored-reference reef pairs from 106 publications collected along 3500 km of U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastlines.
The recovery of plant community composition following passive restoration across spatial scales, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, 1983-2016
1. Human impacts have led to dramatic biodiversity change which can be highly scale-dependent across space and time. A primary means to manage these changes is via passive (here, the removal of disturbance) or active (management interventions) ecological restoration. The recovery of biodiversity, following the removal of disturbance is often incomplete relative to some kind of reference target. The magnitude of recovery of ecological systems following disturbance depend on the landscape matrix, as well as the temporal and spatial scales at which biodiversity is measured. 2. We measured the recovery of biodiversity and species composition over 27 years in 17 temperate grasslands abandoned after agriculture at different points in time, collectively forming a chronosequence since abandonment from one to eighty years. We compare these abandoned sites with known agricultural land-use histories to never-disturbed sites as relative benchmarks. We specifically measured aspects of diversity at the local plot-scale (α-scale, 0.5m2) and site-scale (γ-scale, 10m2), as well as the within-site heterogeneity (β-diversity) and among-site variation in species composition (turnover and nestedness). 3. At our α-scale, sites recovering after agricultural abandonment only had 70% of the plant species richness (and ~30% of the evenness), compared to never-ploughed sites. Within-site β-diversity recovered following agricultural abandonment to around 90% after 80 years. This effect, however, was not enough to lead to recovery at our γ-scale. Richness in recovering sites was ~65% of that in remnant never-ploughed sites. The presence of species characteristic of the never disturbed sites increased in the recovering sites through time. Forb and legume cover declines in years since abandonment, relative to graminoid cover across sites. 4. Synthesis. We found that, during the 80 years after agricultural abandonment, old-fields did not recover to the level of biodiversity in remnant never-plough
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Increased diversity of the regional species pool via seeding augments establishment of native species in experimental vacant lot restorations
The harsh geophysical template characterized by the urban environment combined with people’s choices has led ecologists to invoke environmental filtering as the main ecological phenomena explaining urban biodiversity patterns. Yet, dispersal is often overlooked as a driving factor, especially on expanding vacant land. Does overcoming dispersal limitation by seeding native species in urban environments and increasing the functional or phylogenetic diversity of the seeding pool increase native plant species diversity and abundance in urban vacant land? We took an experimental approach to learn how different dimensions of plant biodiversity within an augmented regional species pool, via seed additions, can explain variation in community structure over a 3-year period. Vacant lots were cleared and manipulated with seeding treatments of high or low phylogenetic and functional diversities from a pool of 28 native species. Establishment success, total native cover and native species richness were followed and compared to cleared, unseeded control lots as well as un-manipulated lots. Seeding increased native plant abundance and richness over uncleared plots, as well as cleared and unseeded control plots. Phylogenetically diverse seed mixtures had greater establishment success than mixtures composed of closely related species. Diversifying seed mixtures increased the likelihood of including species that are better able to establish on vacant land. However, there were no differences in varying levels of either functional or phylogenetic diversity. Augmenting the regional species pool via diverse seed mixtures can enhance native plant cover and richness under the harsh environmental conditions conferred by land abandonment.
Spring Precipitation Amount and Timing Predict Restoration Success in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem Code and Data
<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>The data here is summary data compiled from all years of the project that lead to the publication Spring Precipitation Amount and Timing Predict Restoration Success in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem with the Journal of Applied Ecology and code to analyze these data. Our study was focused on the Northern Great Basin ecosystem. We conducted surveys at 48 sites over the course of five years (2016-2020). All were located on public lands managed by either the Bureau of Land Management, Idaho Department of Lands, or Oregon State Lands Department. We looked at the influence of management, biotic, abiotic and weather variables predicting seedling establishment success, 45 predictor variables in all. Machine learning techniques were used to select most important predictor variables to be used in future work predicting good seedling establishment windows. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Ecosystem restoration pledges in a telecoupled and unequal world v1.0.1
<p>This contains the script and data necessary to replicate the figures created in the article:<strong> </strong>"<span>National ecosystem restoration pledges are mismatched with social-ecological enabling conditions</span>"<strong> </strong>in the journal Communications Earth and Environment.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Felipe Benra<sup>1</sup>*, Maria Brück<sup>1</sup>, Emily Sigman<sup>1</sup>, Manuel Pacheco-Romero<sup>1,</sup></em><sup>2</sup><em>, Girma Shumi<sup>3</sup>, David J Abson<sup>1</sup>, Marina Frietsch<sup>1</sup>, Joern Fischer<sup>1</sup></em></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Social-Ecological Systems Institute, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global - Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Independent researcher, Graf-von-Moltke Str. 2, 21337 Lüneburg, Germany</p> <p>*corresponding author</p>
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Invertebrate and Restoration Habitat Data
An often-cited benefit of river restoration is an increase in biodiversity or shift in composition to more desirable taxa. Yet, hard manipulations of habitat structure often fail to elicit a significant response in terms of biodiversity patterns. In contrast to conventional wisdom, the dispersal of organisms may have as large an influence on biodiversity patterns as environmental conditions. This influence of dispersal may be particularly influential in river networks which are linear branching, or dendritic, and thus constrain most dispersal to the river corridor. As such, some locations in river networks, such as isolated headwaters, are expected to respond less to environmental factors and less by dispersal than more well-connected downstream reaches. We applied this metacommunity framework to study how restoration drives biodiversity patterns in river networks. By comparing assemblage structure in headwater versus more well-connected mainstem sites, we learned that headwater restoration efforts supported higher biodiversity, exhibited more stable ecological communities compared with adjacent, un-restored reaches. Such differences were not evident in mainstem reaches. Consistent with theory and mounting empirical evidence, we attribute this finding to a relatively higher influence of dispersal-driven factors on assemblage structure in more well-connected, higher order reaches. An implication of this work is that, if biodiversity is to be a goal of restoration activity, such local manipulations of habitat should elicit a more profound response in small, isolated streams than in larger downstream reaches. These results offer another significant finding supporting the notion that restoration activity cannot proceed in isolation of larger scale, catchment level degradation. This dataset represents the microhabitat sampling.
Values and attitudes associated with public support for biodiversity and ecosystem services as goals of ecological restoration
<p>Source data and metadata for "Public support for restoration: Does including ecosystem services as a goal engage a different set of values and attitudes than biodiversity protection alone?", accepted to PLOS One in December 2020. </p>
Mitigation of urbanisation effects on aquatic ecosystems by synchronous ecological restoration
<p>Ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss have been caused by economic booms in developing countries over recent decades. In response, ecosystem restoration projects have been advanced in some countries but the effectiveness of different approaches and indicators at large spatio-temporal scales (i.e., whole catchments) remains poorly understood. Our datasets with a diverse array of 440 aquatic restoration projects including wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands, plant/algae salvage, and dredging of contaminated sediments implemented and maintained from 2007 to 2017 across more than 2000km2 of the northwest Taihu basin (Yixing, China). Synchronized investigations of water quality and invertebrate communities were conducted before and after restoration. Our datasets showed that even though there was rapid urbanization at this time, nutrient concentrations (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, TN, TP) and biological indices of benthic invertebrates (taxonomic richness, Shannon diversity, sensitive taxon density) improved significantly across most of the study area. Improvements were associated with the type of restoration project, with projects targeting pollution sources leading to the clearest ecosystem responses compared with those remediating pollution sinks. However, in some locations, the recovery of biotic communities appears to lag behind nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus), likely reflecting long-distance re-colonization routes for invertebrates given the level of pre-restoration degradation of the catchment.</p>
Datasets for "Recreational hunting as an ecosystem service of restoration in the Bay-Delta watershed"
<p>These are the raw data from two surveys of recreational hunters in northern California conducted from 2019-2021 in association with the Delta Stewardship Council funded project "Recreational hunting as an ecosystem service of restoration in the Bay-Delta watershed" (Agreement #18211). Intercept data were collected in-person at hunt sites during deer, upland gamebird, and waterfowl hunt seasons in 2019-20. Followup survey data were collected online from a subset of the original interceptees as well as No. Cal hunters solicited for participation via social media, snowball sampling, and hunter chatrooms. Headers refer to questionnaires archived in Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5809668.</p>
The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches
<p>Forest restoration is being scaled-up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits, yet we lack rigorous comparison of co-benefit delivery across different restoration approaches. In a global synthesis (Hua et al. 2022, Science; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4649">10.1126/science.abl4649</a>), we use 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services as well as biodiversity compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity benefits are all delivered better by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policymakers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments. The Excel file and the R code here are the datasets and analysis code that underlie the above study.</p>
Summary for policymakers of the assessment report on land degradation and restoration of the Intergovernmental SciencePolicy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Figure SPM.1
<p>The purpose of Figure SPM.1 is to support the statement that land degradation occurs just about everywhere in the world (i.e. it is ‘pervasive’), takes many forms, and that examples of successful restoration are also widespread. The figure consists of a backdrop map of the world from a multiple land degradation perspective, showing the level of uncertainty between studies, overlaid with dots representing all the places specifically mentioned in the eight chapters of the main Assessment Report on Land Degradation and Restoration, including case studies of both degradation and restoration. Around the map are brief notes regarding the main forms of degradation encountered.</p>
Data from: Restoring marine ecosystems: spatial reef configuration triggers taxon-specific responses among early colonizers
<p>1. The longstanding debate in conservation biology on the importance of single large or several small (SLOSS) habitats for preserving biodiversity remains highly relevant, given the ongoing degradation and loss of natural habitats worldwide. Restoration efforts are often constrained by limited resources, and insights from SLOSS studies therefore have important implications if restoration efforts can be optimized by manipulating the spatial configuration of restored habitats. Yet, the relevance of SLOSS for habitat restoration remains largely unexplored.</p> <p>2. Here, we report the effects of spatial reef configuration on early colonization of marine organisms after restoring boulder reef habitats. Reefs were restored in single large (SL) and several small (SS) designs in the western Baltic Sea, where century-long boulder extraction has severely degraded large reef areas and likely exacerbated regional declines in commercially important gadoids (<i>Gadidae spp.</i>). We sampled the field sites using remote underwater video systems in a before-after control-impact (BACI) design and obtained probabilistic inferences on restoration and SLOSS effects from Bayesian hierarchical models.</p> <p>3. Probabilities of a positive restoration effect were high (>95%) for gadoids, labrids and demersal gobies, moderate (60-75%) for species richness and sand gobies, and low (<5%) for flatfish abundance. Notably, gadoid abundance increased 60-fold and 129-fold on average at SL and SS, respectively. The species composition at restored reefs deviated from control sites, mainly driven by large-bodied piscivores.</p> <p>4. Spatial reef configuration had the strongest effect on small-bodied mesopredators, including gobies, which were more abundant and driving a distinct species assemblage at SS. In addition to providing suitable conditions for reef species, results suggest that SS can also benefit soft-bottom taxa, possibly through a dispersed predator-mediated effect relative to SL. </p> <p><i>5. Synthesis and applications.</i> This study demonstrates that boulder reef restoration can strongly promote the abundance of exploited gadoids and is therefore a promising management tool to support top-down controls by predatory fishes in degraded marine systems. The higher abundance of mesopredators at SS reefs suggests that SLOSS could have long-term implications for trophic structure and resilience of restored habitats, and should therefore become an important facet within restoration strategies. </p>
Mitigation of urbanisation effects on aquatic ecosystems by synchronous ecological restoration
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Data from: Trade-offs among restored ecosystem functions are context-dependent in Mediterranean-type regions
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Data from: Restoring marine ecosystems: spatial reef configuration triggers taxon-specific responses among early colonizers
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Assessing the use of bison for savanna restoration at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve: Oak sapling growth
Oak savanna is the most threatened ecosystem in Minnesota and fire, alone, is not restoring and preserving it. Our savanna restoration research started more than a half century ago in what had once been native savanna at Cedar Creek. It has shown that burning about 4 to 7 times per decade eliminates shrubs and non-savanna tree species and restores prairie grassland species. However, our 50 years of research is also showing that these frequent and intense fires are preventing oaks from regenerating. Bison are now known to be a keystone species for restoring and preserving grasslands, but their roles in savanna ecosystems remain unknown. In grasslands, bison preferentially graze the dominant warm season grasses that would otherwise outcompete wildflowers, thereby promoting plant coexistence and enhancing plant diversity. Here we propose to test whether bison grazing might promote the growth and survivorship of oak seedlings in burned savannas by reducing grass fuel for fires and by knocking back dominant grass competitors. We will maintain the existing fire frequencies and the design of the long-term burning experiment, while adding bison grazing as an additional factor in part of several burn units on the southeast side of the property. Bison will graze during the summer and early fall seasons. Grazing exclosures will be established, and oak seedlings will be planted, to test effects of bison grazing on early oak growth and survivorship. The outcomes we plan to achieve are to: (1) discover better restoration and preservation practices for savanna ecosystems; (2) determine how these practices impact savanna biodiversity; and (3) educate Minnesotans about the ecological heritage of their state, including the roles that bison, fire and biodiversity play in the functioning of savannas and other Minnesota ecosystems. We will achieve these goals and outcomes by: (1) restoring bison grazing to 200 acres of oak savanna; (2) experimentally testing whether bison grazing promot
Restoration thinning permits stems to capitalise on high-rainfall years in a regenerating endangered forest ecosystem
<p><span>1. Passively regenerating native vegetation presents a cost-effective opportunity to sequester carbon and reinstate habitat in heavily cleared agricultural landscapes.</span></p> <p><span>2. However, in some cases a few woody species recolonise in dense, low-diversity stands that are slow to self-thin.</span></p> <p><span>3. Restoration thinning of over-dominant species has been proposed to accelerate ecosystem recovery, but its longer-term efficacy remains uncertain, and is likely to depend strongly on rainfall.</span></p> <p><span>4. This study focuses on a restoration thinning experiment established in 2007 in dense brigalow (<i>Acacia harpophylla</i>) regrowth in Queensland, Australia. Using variation in rainfall between 2007 and 2017, we examined the interactive effects of neighbourhood density and moisture availability on the growth and survival of <i>A. harpophylla. </i></span></p> <p><span>5. We also compared the strength of <i>A. harpophylla</i> density effects on itself to its effects on a sparsely distributed co-occurring tree species (<i>Casuarina cristata</i>) that was codominant in the original forest.</span></p> <p><span>6. Our results provide clear evidence that thinning permits <i>A. harpophylla</i> to grow rapidly during periods of high rainfall, and that interspecific competition between A<i>. harpophylla</i> and <i>C. cristata</i> is relatively weak. As such, thinning of dense <i>A. harpophylla</i> could be combined with seeding or planting of co-occurring tree species with complementary niches to further accelerate forest recovery in this extensive regrowth ecosystem.</span></p>
Functional composition of plant communities mediates biomass effects on ecosystem service recovery across an experimental dryland restoration network
<p>Land degradation can result in a loss of critical ecosystem services that we often seek to restore through re-establishment of desired plant communities. Trait-based approaches have the potential to target specific ecosystem services based on associations between the functional composition of plant communities and ecosystem properties that serve as indicators of those services. The effect of functional composition on ecosystem recovery may depend on the amount of restored plant biomass, itself a supporting service frequently targeted in restoration efforts. Yet, interactions between functional composition and biomass are not formally integrated into trait-based analytical frameworks. We tested the hypothesis that functional composition of plant communities both drives, and interacts with, biomass production to influence indicators of soil functioning and weed suppression across a network of degraded dryland restoration experiments. This networked approach allowed us to identify generalized effects of functional composition on ecosystem recovery across a range of dryland climate conditions. Climate had a substantial effect on ecosystem indicators, with weed cover and soil surface stability increasing in more arid climates, water infiltration increasing with precipitation, and aggregate structure increasing with less freezing. After accounting for climate effects across study sites, we found significant effects of community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values on biomass, particularly a positive effect of leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and of CWM-biomass interactions on other ecosystem indicators. Cover of exotic species was reduced in restored communities with a combination of low leaf dry matter content and high biomass, soil water infiltration increased with lower specific root length and high biomass, and soil aggregate stability increased with higher root dry matter content and high biomass, among other effects. Functional diversity had no significant effects on any ecosystem indicators. Synthesis: The influence of community functional composition on ecosystem properties increases with community biomass, particularly in disturbed or low productivity systems. This suggests that active management should not only focus on trait values that optimize individual ecosystem indicators, but also how those functional strategies are complementary or counter to those that increase biomass.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.