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7 results for “egg mortality”
Data from: Mortality and morphology in egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson Salamanders
<p><span>Unisexual <i>Ambystoma </i>salamander egg masses have often been observed to exhibit very high rates of embryo mortality. The ecological consequences and underlying mechanisms are of great concern to researchers and managers studying these and other members of the species complex, all of which are listed as rare species throughout much of their range. Substantial embryo mortality is commonly used by field ecologists as an indicator that unisexual salamanders are present in a pond; egg masses of unisexual salamanders appear otherwise very similar to those of <i>A. jeffersonianum</i> (Jefferson Salamander). Early researchers suggested that elevated mortality among unisexual salamanders was due to lack of fertilization caused by sperm limitation. However, recent work has suggested that embryo failure is due to genetic errors particular to the unisexual salamander lineage. Our goals in this study were to (1) identify when during development embryonic mortality occurs in unisexual salamanders, and (2) to develop a morphological metric to distinguish egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson salamanders. Collecting from sites across western Massachusetts, we reared 356 eggs from 11 egg masses of known species identity in the laboratory, examined field photographs of 96 egg masses of known species identity (based on mitochondrial sequencing and 6 microsatellite alleles), and examined 757 field photographs of egg masses of unknown species identity. We developed a simple, scale-independent metric to distinguish Jefferson Salamander egg masses from those of co-occurring unisexual salamanders. Among developing embryos beyond the earliest stages, we found no difference in mortality rates between unisexual salamanders and Jefferson Salamanders. However, we observed a large pulse of embryo mortality in the earliest stages of development, followed by a trickle of additional mortality at later stages. Our results suggest that the primary cause of embryo mortality in Massachusetts populations of unisexual salamanders involves failure of embryos to initiate development.</span></p>
Data from: Mortality and morphology in egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson Salamanders
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Data from: Adult mortality probability and nest predation rates explain parental effort in warming eggs with consequences for embryonic development time
Parental behavior and effort vary extensively among species. Life history theory suggests that age-specific mortality could cause this interspecific variation, but past tests have focused on fecundity as the measure of parental effort. Fecundity can cause costs of reproduction that confuse whether mortality is the cause or consequence of parental effort. We focus on a trait, parental time and effort in warming embryos, which varies widely among species of diverse taxa and is not tied to fecundity. We conducted studies on songbirds of four continents and show that time spent warming eggs varies widely among species and latitudes, and is not correlated with clutch size. Adult and offspring (nest) mortality explained most of the interspecific variation in time and effort that parents spend warming eggs measured by average egg temperatures. Parental effort in warming eggs is important because embryonic temperature can influence embryonic development period and, hence, exposure time to predation risk. We show through correlative evidence and experimental swapping of embryos between species that parentally induced egg temperatures cause interspecific variation in embryonic development period. The strong association of age-specific mortality with parental effort in warming eggs and the subsequent effects on embryonic development time are unique results that can advance understanding of broad geographic patterns of life history variation.
Annual egg productivity predicts female-biased mortality in avian species
<p>Among avian species, the differential cost entailed by either sex in competition for mates have been regarded as the main evolutionary influence on sex differences in mortality rates. However, empirical evidence suggests that sex-biased adult mortality is mainly related to differential energy investment in gamete production, a greater annual mass devoted to egg production leading to higher female mortality. We explicitly tested the generality of this pattern in a comparative framework. Annual egg production can be relatively large in some species (up to 200% of female body mass) and annual mortality is generally biased towards females. We showed that greater annual egg productivity resulted in higher mortality rates of females relative to males. Mating system was secondarily important, species where males were more involved in mating competition having more equal mortality rates between the sexes. However, both traits explained only a limited fraction of the interspecific variation in female-biased mortality. Other traits, such as sexual size dimorphism and parental care, had much weaker influences on female-biased mortality. Our results suggest that both annual mass devoted to gamete production by females and mating system contribute to the evolution of the fundamental life-history trade-off between reproduction and survival in avian taxa.</p>
Annual egg productivity predicts female-biased mortality in avian species
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Data from: Adult mortality probability and nest predation rates explain parental effort in warming eggs with consequences for embryonic development time
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Association of Egg and Dietary Cholesterol Consumption With Mortality and Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04104308. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.