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Butterfly heavy metal content, wing size, egg count, and brain mass in the Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) Metropolitan Area
We collected 26 common species of butterflies across a gradient of lead pollution in the Twin Cities metropolitan area (Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA). We measured their thorax lead concentrations and their body condition including wing area, number of eggs, and brain mass. We also quantified lead in the soil, host plant leaves, and air (through lichen bio-monitors) at sites where the butterflies were collected.
Figure 2 in Observations of multiple pelagic egg masses from small-sized jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Gulf of California
Figure 2. (a) Distribution of ommastrephid egg mass diameters. Dosidicus gigas (small) are from the present study. Dosidicus gigas (large) is from Staaf et al. (2008). Illex illecebrosus are from Durward et al. (1980) and O'Dor and Balch (1985). Nototodarus gouldi are from O'Shea et al. (2004). Todarodes pacificus are from Bower and Sakurai (1996) and Puneeta et al. (2015). (b) 80-cm egg mass (30 May #1). (c) 122-cm egg mass (29 May #2).
Fig. 1 in The Influence Of Nest Size On Heat Loss Of Penduline Tit Eggs
Fig. 1. Changes in internal egg temperatures (mean °C) during trials with Penduline Tit nests (treatments: ambient temperature – clutch size)
Fig. 2 in The Influence Of Nest Size On Heat Loss Of Penduline Tit Eggs
Fig. 2. Effects of nest thickness on terminal temperatures in relation to ambient temperature and clutch size. Each symbol represents one nest (N= 20 nests, all nests were measured in all treatments). We used least-squares regression to estimate the best fit to each pair of treatments separately (regression equations, 25°C & 9 eggs: terminal temperature = 27.64 + 0.05 × nest thickness; 25°C & 3 eggs: terminal temperature = 27.56 + 0.01 × nest thickness; 10°C & 9 eggs: terminal temperature = 16.29 + 0.19 × nest thickness; 10°C & 3 eggs: terminal temperature = 15.66 + 0.08 × nest thickness)
Long-term observation of the egg and chick size in the nests of Larus ichthyaetus in Lake Chany,West Siberia, Russia
<p>Data on long-term observation and morphological study of the eggs of the great black-headed gull<em> Larus ichthyaetus </em>in the nesting colonies of gulls on islands of Lake Chany. Russia. Data on long-term observation and morphological study of the eggs (Data S1) and chick (Data S2) of the great black-headed gull<em> Larus ichthyaetus </em>in the nesting colonies of gulls on islands of Lake Chany, Russia</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract </strong></p> <p>This data set describes the long-term observation and morphological study of the eggs of the great black-headed gull Larus ichthyaetus in the gull nesting colonies on the islands of Lake Chany. Lake Chany is located in the Baraba forest-steppe of the West Siberian Plain, Russia, between the Ob and Irtish rivers. Lake Chany is protected by the Ramsar Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance, indicating that the lake is an important site for migratory birds, including L. ichthyaetus. This dataset contains the size and fate of all eggs, as well as the size of hatched chicks in 1164 observed L. ichthyaetus nests from 1993 to 2003.</p>
Egg size and offspring phenotype data at early life stages in seven Arctic charr morphs
<p>Maternal effects have the potential to alter early developmental processes of offspring and contribute to adaptive diversification. Egg size is a major contributor to offspring phenotype, which can influence developmental trajectories and potential resource use. However, to what extent intraspecific variation in egg size facilitates evolution of resource polymorphism is poorly understood. We studied multiple resource morphs of Icelandic Arctic charr, ranging from an anadromous morph – with a phenotype similar to the proposed ancestral phenotype – to sympatric morphs that vary in their degree of phenotypic divergence from the ancestral anadromous morph. We characterised variation in egg size and tested whether egg size influenced offspring phenotype at early-life stages (i.e. timing of- and size at- hatching and first feeding [FF]). We predicted that egg size would differ among morphs and be less variable as morphs diverge away from the ancestral anadromous phenotype. We also predicted that egg size would correlate with offspring size and developmental timing. We found morphs had different egg size, developmental timing and size at hatching and FF. Egg size increased as phenotypic proximity to the ancestral anadromous phenotype decreased, with larger eggs generally giving rise to larger offspring, especially at FF, but egg size had no effect on developmental rate. The interaction between egg size and the environment may have a profound impact on offspring fitness, where the resulting differences in early-life history traits may act to initiate and/or maintain resource morphs diversification. </p>
Рис. 4. Сезонная Δинамика размеров цист Heterodera glycines и чисΛа яиц в них. Размер цист в баΛΛах: 1 — меΛкие, 2 — среΔние, 3 — крупные Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of the size of Heterodera glycines cysts and the number of eggs in them. The size of cysts in classes: 1 — small, 2 — medium, 3 — large in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 4. Сезонная Δинамика размеров цист Heterodera glycines и чисΛа яиц в них. Размер цист в баΛΛах: 1 — меΛкие, 2 — среΔние, 3 — крупные Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of the size of Heterodera glycines cysts and the number of eggs in them. The size of cysts in classes: 1 — small, 2 — medium, 3 — large
Рис. 3. ЧисΛо яиц в цистах Heterodera glycines разных размерных групп в 2018 и 2019 гг. Fig. 3. Number of eggs in cysts of Heterodera glycines of different size groups in 2018 and 2019 in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 3. ЧисΛо яиц в цистах Heterodera glycines разных размерных групп в 2018 и 2019 гг. Fig. 3. Number of eggs in cysts of Heterodera glycines of different size groups in 2018 and 2019
Egg and chick size in the nests of common gulls in Lake Chany, West Siberia, Russia from 1993 to 2011
<p>A long-term study of breeding ecology of gulls has been carried in the area of Lake Chany. Lake Chany is located in the Baraba forest-steppe of the West Siberian Plain, Russia, between the Ob and Irtysh rivers. The Lake is protected by the Ramsar Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance, indicating that the lake is an important site for migrating and breeding birds, including the Common gull <em>Larus canus </em>(Linnaeus, 1758). We provided data on the size and fate of all eggs as well as the size of hatched chicks in Common gull nests from 1993 to 2011. The data can be used to assess how environmental changes caused by human activity, including global warming, affect the reproduction and population dynamics of migratory birds. </p>
Fig. 1 in Comparison of the eggs size between two subspecies of the Kotschy's Gecko Mediodactylus kotschyi (Steindachner, 1870) (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in Bulgaria
Fig. 1. Cluster analysis of the egg volume sizes of three subspecies of M. kotschyi from the current study and comparison with literary data.
Figure 3 in Cracking a Developmental Constraint: Egg Size and Bird Evolution
Figure 3. Relationship between egg weight and female body weight in extant birds. (A) Graph to discriminate between altricial [n = 96; filled circles; r2 = 0.906, p <0.001; egg mass = –0.659394 + 0.7889097.bodymass], and precocial [n = 113; open circles] (including super precocial [n = 29; grey triangles]; r2 = 0.801, p <0.001; egg mass = –0.164615 + 0.6451872.bodymass) taxa. Both of these results have significantly higher r2 values than those found for 100 bootstrap replicates that paired body and egg mass at random. (B) Bar chart showing that the three broad developmental modes seen in Neornithes are characterized by significantly different egg/female body mass relationships. Discrimination among all three groups is borne out by averaged data (Kruskal-Wallis test, p <0.005). Abbreviations: A, altricial; P, Precocial; SP, super precocial.
Figure 2 in Cracking a Developmental Constraint: Egg Size and Bird Evolution
Figure 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis for relationships amongst modern birds (Neornithes) showing altricial
Figure 4 in Cracking a Developmental Constraint: Egg Size and Bird Evolution
Figure 4. Relationship between femur length (approximates body mass) and egg mass in extant and fossil birds (n = 117; r2 = 0.758, p <0.001). These data show that both Confuciusornis (cartoon, open circle) and the similarly-sized Buttonquail (Turnix) (grey triangle) lay relatively small eggs compared to their body size (Appendix).
Microbes as manipulators of egg size and developmental evolution
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Data from: Hosts eject conspecific parasitic eggs according to the egg size in a passerine
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Egg size and offspring phenotype data at early life stages in seven Arctic charr morphs
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Data from: Drivers of variation in egg size in a cooperative breeder with a redirected helping system
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Dataset of diverse evolutionary pathways shape cichlid egg size in Lake Tanganyika
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Exposure to exogenous egg cortisol does not rescue juvenile Chinook salmon body size, condition, or survival from the effects of elevated water temperatures
<p class="NormalThesis">Climate change is leading to altered temperature regimes which are impacting aquatic life, particularly for ectothermic fish. The impacts of environmental stress can be translated across generations through maternally-derived glucocorticoids, leading to altered offspring phenotypes. Although these maternal stress effects are often considered negative, recent studies suggest this maternal stress signal may prepare offspring for a similarly stressful environment (environmental match). We applied the environmental match hypothesis to examine whether a prenatal stress signal can dampen the effects of elevated water temperatures on body size, condition, and survival during early development in Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> from Lake Ontario, Canada. We exposed fertilized eggs to prenatal exogenous egg cortisol (1000ng*mL<sup>-1</sup> cortisol or 0ng*mL<sup>-1</sup> control) and then reared these dosed groups at temperatures indicative of current (+0°C) and future (+3°C) temperature conditions. Offspring reared in elevated temperatures were smaller and had a lower survival at the hatchling developmental stage. Overall, we found that our exogenous cortisol dose did not dampen effects of elevated rearing temperatures (environmental match) on body size or early survival. Instead, our eyed stage survival indicates that our prenatal cortisol dose may be detrimental, as cortisol-dosed offspring raised in elevated temperatures had lower survival than cortisol-dosed and control reared in current temperatures. Our results suggest that a maternal stress signal may not be able to ameliorate the effects of thermal stress during early development. However, we highlight the importance of interpreting the fitness impacts of maternal stress within an environmentally relevant context.</p>
Data from: Female investment in offspring size and number shifts seasonally in a lizard with single-egg clutches
The timing of reproduction strongly influences reproductive success in many organisms. For species with extended reproductive seasons, the quality of the environment may change throughout the season in ways that impact offspring survival, and, accordingly, aspects of reproductive strategies may shift to maximize fitness. Life-history theory predicts that if offspring environments deteriorate through the season, females should shift from producing more, smaller offspring early in the season to fewer, higher quality offspring later in the season. We leverage multiple iterations of anole breeding colonies, which control for temperature, moisture, and food availability, to identify seasonal changes in reproduction. These breeding colonies varied only by the capture date of the adult animals from the field. We show that seasonal cohorts exhibit variation in key reproductive traits such as inter-clutch interval, egg size and hatchling size consistent with seasonal shifts in reproductive effort. Overall, reproductive effort was highest early in the season due to a relatively high rate of egg production. Later season cohorts produced fewer, but larger offspring We infer that these results indicate a strategy for differential allocation of resources through the season. Females maximize offspring quantity when environments are favorable, and maximize offspring quality when environments are poor for those offspring. Our study also highlights that subtle differences in methodology (such as capture date of study animals) may influence the interpretation of results. Researchers interested in reproduction must be conscious of how their organism's reproductive patterns may shift through the season when designing experiments or comparing results across studies.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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