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172 results for “ejaculate”
Data from: Effects of past mating behavior versus past ejaculation on male mate choice and male attractiveness
<p>Past reproductive effort allows males to assess their ability to acquire mates, but it also consumes resources that can reduce their future competitive ability. Few studies have examined how a male's reproductive history affects his subsequent mate choice; and, to date, no study has determined the relative contribution of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production because these two forms of investment are naturally highly correlated. Here, we disentangled the relative effects of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production in male mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia holbrooki</em>) by experimentally preventing some males from ejaculating when trying to mate. We assessed the effect of mating behavior on mate choice by comparing males that had previously been with or without access to females and male rivals for 16 weeks; and assessed the effect of ejaculation on mate choice by comparing males that either could or could not ejaculate when they had access to females for 16 weeks. We compared (1) time females spent with each male, (2) total distance males swam, (3) total time males spent inspecting females, (4) proportion of time males spent with the solitary females in separate models, with age (week 8, week 16) and treatment of reproductive history ("naive male", "mating only male" and "mating and ejaculation males") as fixed factors. </p> <p>We showed that reproductive history did not affect male attractiveness, but it did affect male mate choice. Somewhat surprisingly, in two-choice trials males from all three treatments preferred females in the vicinity of a rival over solitary females. This preference was marginally stronger for males engaging in previous mating behavior but was unaffected by past ejaculate production. This is the first study to quantify the relative influence of pre- and post-copulatory reproductive investment on male mate choice.</p>
Figure 6 in Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 6. Relationship between percentage of initial vasa deferentia dry weight (VDW) transferred during mating and carapace length of the female in Taliepus dentatus. Adolescent and adult males are indicated by dots and triangles, respectively. Line: linear fit of adolescent crabs (significant regression). Grey area: confidence interval (± 95%) of the fit (R v 3.4).
Figure 4 in Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 4. Mating characteristics of Taliepus dentatus of different male ontogenetic stages. (A) Average total duration of copulation of experimental mating pairs (n = 6 pairs per ontogenetic stage). (B) Average ejaculate delivery per female seminal receptacle (n = 6 pairs per ontogenetic stage). P-value is indicated. Values are means + SE (R v 3.4).
Figure 2 in Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 2. Box plot of seasonal vasosomatic index (VSI) of Taliepus dentatus from Los Molinos Bay, Chile. Boxes: interquartile range of the data (first quartile, median and third quartile). Whiskers: the values that extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range. Circles: outliers. Letters indicate significant differences (p <0.05) (R v 3.4).
Figure 1 in Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 1. Procedures involved in experimental mating in Taliepus dentatus. (A) Dorsal view of opened cephalothorax displaying the male reproductive system. Dissection of paired vasa deferentia after experimental mating. Paired vasa deferentia (vd) and testes (t) are indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 10 mm. (B) During copulation the male (m) was positioned above the female (f) in the sternum-to-sternum position. The opened pleon of the female was visible below the male crab, which is indicated by the arrow (photos: K. Pretterebner, photoshop).
Figure 5 in Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 5. Relationship between ejaculate delivered per female seminal receptacle and carapace length of the female in Taliepus dentatus. Adolescent and adult males are indicated by dots and triangles, respectively. Line: linear fit of adolescent males (significant regression). Grey area: confidence interval (± 95 %) of the fit. Data correspond to experimental matings under equal sex ratio (R v 3.4).
Figure 3 in Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 3. Regression lines of the log 10 chela height (CH) vs. log 10 carapace length (CL) for adolescent (y = 1.414 – 1.386x) and adult males (y = 1.842 – 2.240x) in Taliepus dentatus. Adolescent and adult males are indicated by dots and triangles, respectively (R v 3.4).
Data from: Effects of past mating behavior versus past ejaculation on male mate choice and male attractiveness
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Data from: In the presence of rivals, males allocate less ejaculate per mating in Japanese pygmy squid with female sperm rejection
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Egg-induced changes to sperm phenotypes shape patterns of multivariate selection on ejaculates
<p class="MsoPlainText">Ejaculates exhibit extraordinary phenotypic diversity and rapid rates of evolution, yet the adaptive value of most sperm traits remains equivocal. Recent findings suggest that to understand how selection targets ejaculates we must recognize that female-imposed physiological conditions often alter ejaculate phenotypes. These phenotypic changes to ejaculates may influence the relationships among sperm traits and their association with fitness. Here, we show that chemical substances released by eggs (known to modify sperm physiology and behavior) alter patterns of selection on a suite of sperm traits in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. We use multivariate selection analyses to characterize linear and nonlinear selection acting on sperm traits in (a) seawater alone, and (b) seawater containing egg-derived chemicals (egg water). Our analyses revealed that nonlinear selection on canonical axes of multiple traits (notably sperm velocity, sperm linearity and percentage of motile sperm) was the most important form of selection overall, but importantly these patterns were only evident when sperm phenotypes were measured in egg water. These findings reveal the subtle way that females can alter patterns of selection, with the implication that overlooking environmentally-moderated changes to ejaculate phenotypes may result in erroneous interpretations of how selection targets phenotypic (co)variation in ejaculate traits.</p>
Condition dependent seminal fluid gene expression and intergenerational paternal effects on ejaculate quality
<p>1. There is increasing evidence to show that the environment experienced by fathers can have intergenerational paternal effects on the phenotype of offspring. Paternal effects can be mediated by ejaculate traits beyond the genes carried by sperm, for example through methylation of DNA during spermatogenesis, or non-sperm components of the ejaculate such as small RNAs or seminal fluid proteins (sfp).<br> 2. Theory suggests that ejaculate-mediated paternal effects can have important evolutionary consequences, especially if they exhibit condition dependent expression. Here we use the nutritional geometry approach to explore condition dependence in ejaculate traits and intergenerational paternal effects in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus.<br> 3. We fed males one of 24 chemically defined diets that varied in macronutrient concentration and the ratio of protein (P) to carbohydrate (C). We measured paternal expenditure on testes and accessory gland growth, and the expression of three seminal fluid protein genes that are known to impact sperm viability and the survival of embryos to hatching. We also measured the hatching success and reproductive phenotypes of adult offspring.<br> 4. We found linear effects of P and C on testes and accessory gland mass, and linear and correlated effects of P and C on the expression of two sfp genes. Paternal diet had no effect on the survival of embryos to hatching.<br> 5. There were significant intergenerational effects of paternal diet on the viability of sperm produced by sons, but no paternal effects on the expression of sfp genes in sons or fecundity in daughters.<br> 6. Our data suggest that ejaculate quality can have a significant non-genetic component determined by the paternal environment, which holds important implications for the evolutionary maintenance of variation in heritable male fitness.</p>
ObjectJ files for Quantification of ejaculate transfer and removal
<p>Dataset accompanying manuscript "Evolution and co-evolution of the suck behaviour, a postcopulatory female resistance trait that manipulates received ejaculate" . These are the ObjectJ files that were used for quantification of ejaculate transfer and removal in <em>Macrostomum hamatum</em>, described in the manuscript.</p>
Data, code and supplementary material - Gone but not forgotten: dynamics of sperm storage and potential ejaculate digestion in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens
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Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of PSD502 (a Topical Anesthetic) in the Treatment Premature Ejaculation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00556478. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
A Study To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Two Oral Doses of GSK557296 in a Study in Men With Premature Ejaculation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01021553. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
IX-01 Effect on Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time (IELT) and Patient Reported Outcomes in Men With Premature Ejaculation (PE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02232425. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
IX-01 Effect on Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time (IELT), Patient Reported Outcomes and Safety in Men With Premature Ejaculation (PE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03055806. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Intrinsic post-ejaculation sperm ageing does not affect offspring fitness in Atlantic salmon
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Data from: No evidence for phenotypic condition-dependent ejaculate allocation in response to sperm competition in a seed beetle
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Data from: Experimental heatwaves reduce the effectiveness of ejaculates at occupying female reproductive tracts in a model insect
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