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29 results for “elevated carbon dioxide”

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edi52/100

Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset A

We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.

openCC (other)Mar 2022View details →
edi52/100

Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset B

We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.

openCC (other)Mar 2022View details →
zenodo40/100

Rates of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes, denitrification-derived N2O and N2 fluxes and nitrification-derived N2O fluxes from salt marsh soils in Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S. under ambient and elevated temperature and nutrient loading.

<p>Dataset used in&nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=oa_20231214&amp;utm_content=10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0#citeas">Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates</a>.</p> <p>The dataset contains fluxes calculated from headspace gas samples taken over a 24 hour period from intact soil cores, as well as corresponding environmental data. Intact soil cores (0-15 cm depth, 2.5 cm diameter) were taken at five sampling locations along a 20 m transect using a soil auger or piston corer. Samples were collected along a transect in four marsh sites in Quebec, Canada (La Pocati&egrave;re: 47&deg;22'24.7"N 70&deg;03'26.3"W) and Louisiana, U.S. (Barataria Basin: 29&deg;33'47.3"N 90&deg;04'22.8"W and 29&deg;29'52.2"N 89&deg;55'00.2"W) from two vegetation types (<em>Sporobolus alterniflorus</em> formerly known as <em>Spartina alterniflora </em>and<em> Sporobolus pumilus</em> formerly known as<em> Spartina patens</em>). In Quebec, the two vegetation zones were in the same marsh whereas in Louisiana two separate marshes, dominated by the relevant vegetation, were chosen. Soil samples were collected on the 20-21<sup>st</sup> July 2021 from Louisiana and the 9-10<sup>th</sup> August 2021 from Quebec. Environmental data was collected including <em>in-situ</em> soil temperature and salinity, and gravimetric soil moisture, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil soluble reactive phosphate, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil d<sup>13</sup>C and soil d<sup>15</sup>N determined from additional 0-15 cm core samples. This project has received funding from the European Union&rsquo;s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1).</p> <p>Stable <sup>15</sup>N tracers were added to the intact soil cores so that at each location, at each treatment level (ambient and elevated, described below), there was one core receiving no tracer for greenhouse gas fluxes, one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‑ </sup>for denitrification rates and one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> for nitrification rates. The cores were incubated at ambient temperature (16 ℃ and 28.1 ℃ for Quebec and Louisiana, respectively) and nutrient concentrations (3.2 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.0 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 2.9 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.5 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 0.5 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 7.3 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>and 5.7 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.8 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> mg g wet soil<sup>-1</sup> for Quebec <em>S. alterniflorus</em>, Quebec <em>S. pumilus</em>, Louisiana <em>S. alterniflorus</em> and Louisiana <em>S. pumilus</em>, respectively), and elevated temperature (ambient temperature +5 ℃) and nutrient concentration (double ambient concentration). Gas samples were collected from the headspace of 0-15 cm intact cores in a 20 cm high PVC pipe, capped at the top and bottom to create a 5 cm headspace. Gas samples were analysed for greenhouse gases (GHGs: N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>) and <sup>15</sup>N in denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub>O, denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub> and nitrification-derived N&shy;<sub>2</sub>O.</p> <p>Soil temperature (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA) and porewater salinity (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or portable ATC refractometer) were measured in-situ or in the laboratory using the portable refactometer.&nbsp;Additional soil samples were used for multiple analyses; one subsample was extracted with ultrapure water (18.2 M&Omega;) for DOC and TDN analysis, one subsample was extracted with 2M KCl for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, one subsample was extracted with Olsen-P solution (0.5 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5), for soluble reactive phosphate analysis and one subsample was weighed and dried for soil moisture and then finely ground and analysed for total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N.</p> <p>N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a PAL3 autosampler&nbsp;(Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies Ltd, USA) fitted with a flame ionisation detector (FID) for CH<sub>4</sub> analysis and a micro electron capture detector (mECD) for N<sub>2</sub>O analysis. CO<sub>2</sub> was methanised to CH<sub>4</sub> before analysis on the FID. The instrument precision as the relative standard deviation was &lt; 5 % for all of the gases, while the minimum detectable concentration difference (MDCD) was 9 ppb N<sub>2</sub>O, 72 ppb CH<sub>4 </sub>and 31 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>. Potential GHG fluxes were calculated from the linear portion or where the highest production was observed in the concentration-time series ( https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2436). If fluxes were below the MDCD they were set to zero see&nbsp;(https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783). The <sup>15</sup>N content of the N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O was determined using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with a trace-gas pre-concentrator inlet with autosampler (isoFLOW GHG; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany), with a standard deviation of d<sup>15</sup>N &lt; 0.05 %. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 M&Omega;, 7:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn +&nbsp;TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with 50 mg C l<sup>-1</sup> and 10 mg l<sup>-1</sup> standards resulting in accuracy and precision of 0.3 and &plusmn;0.3 mg C l<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.5 and &plusmn;0.3 mg N l<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) and ammonium were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298">https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298</a>) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of &plusmn;5 %. Extractable phosphate was analysed in soil extractant (Olsen-P solution 0.5M NaHCO&shy;<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5, 10:1 of extractant to dry soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Jeannotte et al., 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0760-4) with a limit of detection of 1 mg P l<sup>-1</sup> and accuracy of &plusmn;6 %. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N analysis was performed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with an elemental analyser (EA) inlet (vario PYRO cube; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The precision was &lt; 5 % for both C and N and the precision as a standard deviation was &lt; 0.06 % for both d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →
edi40/100

Meta-analytical data on soil organic, particulate organic, and mineral-associated organic carbon under nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased precipitation, drought, and their combined effects

Data were harvested from journal articles found on the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Database that studied soil organic matter fraction carbon responses to global changes (nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased and decreased precipitation, and combined effects). Soil organic carbon fractions were designated as particulate organic carbon or mineral-associated organic carbon based on size and density cutoffs. Relevant metadata, including article information (authors, publication year), environmental information (soil type, climate, and land use), and experiment information (rates, methods) were also added to the dataset.

openCC (other)Jun 2021View details →
dryad36/100

Data from: Elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide reduce monarch tolerance and increase parasite virulence by altering the medicinal properties of milkweeds

Hosts combat their parasites using mechanisms of resistance and tolerance, which together determine parasite virulence. Environmental factors, including diet, mediate the impact of parasites on hosts, with diet providing nutritional and medicinal properties. Here, we present the first evidence that ongoing environmental change decreases host tolerance and increases parasite virulence through a loss of dietary medicinal quality. Monarch butterflies use dietary toxins (cardenolides) to reduce the deleterious impacts of a protozoan parasite. We fed monarch larvae foliage from four milkweed species grown under either elevated or ambient CO2, and measured changes in resistance, tolerance, and virulence. The most high-cardenolide milkweed species lost its medicinal properties under elevated CO2; monarch tolerance to infection decreased, and parasite virulence increased. Declines in medicinal quality were associated with declines in foliar concentrations of lipophilic cardenolides. Our results emphasize that global environmental change may influence parasite-host interactions through changes in the medicinal properties of plants.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →
zenodo36/100

Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide levels alter growth rates and shell composition in the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa

<p>We investigated the effects of 60-d exposure to end-of-the-century projections for seawater temperature (+3 &deg;C) and <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> (+500 &micro;atm) on growth, mineralogy, and organic content of shells and scutes in juvenile <em>Tridacna squamosa </em>clams. The provided excel file contains tables supplying the following raw datasets:</p> <p>(1) Concentrations of trace minerals (Data_Minerals) in shells and scutes</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>IndividualID</strong> - unique ID for each juvenile <em>Tridacna squamosa</em> clam<br> <strong>Type</strong> - type of skeletal material sampled (New: newly-formed, Old: older-growth, Shell: shell, Scute: scute).<br> <strong>Exposure</strong> - experimental treatments (Ambient: ambient seawater conditions, High Temp: elevated temperature alone, High pCO2: elevated <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> alone, Multistressor: elevated temperature and <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> in combination).<br> <strong>SampleMass_mg</strong> - mass&nbsp;(in mg) of powdered skeletal material analyzed.<br> <strong>X_ppb</strong> - concentration (in parts per billion) of element X (Mg: Magnesium,&nbsp; Si: Silica, P: Phosphorus, K: Potassium, Mn: Manganese, As: Arsenic, Sr: Strontium, Ba: Barium, Ca: Calcium) in the sample.<br> <strong>X_mmol_kg-1</strong> - concentration (in mmol kg<sup>-1</sup>) of element X in the sample.<br> <strong>XCaRatio_mmol_mol-1</strong> - ratio of the concentrations of element X (in mmol) and calcium (in mol).<br> <strong>BaCaRatio_&micro;mol_mol-1 </strong>- ratio of the concentrations of barium (in &micro;mol) and calcium (in mol).</p> </blockquote> <p>(2) Morphometric characteristics (Data_Morphometry) of shells/scutes</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>IndividualID</strong> - unique ID for each juvenile <em>Tridacna squamosa</em> clam<br> <strong>Exposure</strong> - experimental treatments (Ambient: ambient seawater conditions, High Temp: elevated temperature alone, High pCO2: elevated <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> alone, Multistressor: elevated temperature and <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> in combination).<br> <strong>X_pre_mm</strong> - measurement value (in millimeters) prior to exposure to experimental treatments (APM: anterior-posterior margin or shell length, DVM: dorsal-ventral margin or shell height, OrnamentationMaxWidth: maximum width of the shell across the scutes, Width: shell width).<br> <strong>X_pre_g</strong> - measurement value (in grams) prior to exposure to experimental treatments (WetMass: whole animal wet mass).<br> <strong>X_post_mm</strong> - measurement value (in millimeters) after 60-d exposure to experimental treatments.<br> <strong>X_post_g</strong> - measurement value (in grams) after 60-d&nbsp; exposure to experimental treatments.<br> <strong>X_gain_mm</strong> - change in measurment value (in millimeters) over the course of the 60-d experiment.<br> <strong>X_gain_%change</strong> - change in measurment value over the course of the 60-d experiment as a percentage of the initial, pre-exposure value (i.e., % change).</p> </blockquote> <p>(3) Organic content (Data_Organics) of shells</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>IndividualID</strong> - unique ID for each juvenile <em>Tridacna squamosa</em> clam<br> <strong>Exposure</strong> - experimental treatments (Ambient: ambient seawater conditions, High Temp: elevated temperature alone, High pCO2: elevated <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> alone, Multistressor: elevated temperature and <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> in combination).<br> <strong>X-newgrowth_weight%</strong> - concentration of element X (Nitrogen, Carbon, or Hydrogen) as a percentage of the weight of sample analyzed in newly-formed shell.<br> <strong>X-oldgrowth_weight% </strong>- concentration of element X as a percentage of the weight of sample analyzed in older-growth shell.</p> </blockquote> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →
dryad36/100

Data from: Increasing photosynthetic benefit with decreasing irrigation frequency in an Australian temperate grassland exposed to elevated carbon dioxide

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publicJan 2025View details →
dryad36/100

Data from: Elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide reduce monarch tolerance and increase parasite virulence by altering the medicinal properties of milkweeds

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publicMay 2019View details →
dryad36/100

Sea level elevation and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration data for 220 years

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publicNov 2025View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on male and female behavioural lateralisation in a temperate goby

Behavioural abnormality in fishes has been proposed as a significant threat of the increasing levels of carbon dioxide occurring in the oceans. Negative effects of elevated CO2 have been reported for behaviours such as predator-prey interactions, foraging, hearing and behavioural lateralisation. Importantly, the effects vary greatly both within and between species, and some recent studies have shown minimal effects of CO2 on behaviour. Whether the effect of CO2 also varies between males and females is however virtually unexplored. According to resource allocation theory, females are expected to be more sensitive to elevated CO2, meaning that non-sex specific studies may overlook ecologically important differences between the sexes. In this study, we investigated the possible differences between males and females in their response to elevated CO2 by performing behavioural lateralisation tests in adult temperate two-spotted gobies Gobiusculus flavescens. We found that the strength of the side bias (absolute lateralisation) was unaffected by the CO2 treatment, and there was no difference between males and females. The control fish were slightly right-biased in their behavioural asymmetry (mean relative lateralisation of 14). Exposure to high CO2 affected this pattern, such that treated fish were slightly left biased (mean relative lateralisation of -10), regardless of their sex. The same results were obtained yet again when the study was repeated during a second year. We discuss our results in light of the great variation in lateralisation that has been reported to depend on variables such as species, ecological settings and environmental factors.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: No effect of elevated carbon dioxide on reproductive behaviors in the three-spined stickleback

Ocean acidification, the reduction in ocean pH resulting from anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), has been predicted to alter the behavior of fishes. During experimental exposure to CO2 concentrations projected for the year 2100 (~1000 µatm), fish have been reported to display disturbances in activity, learning, behavioral lateralization, and even attraction to predator cues. Reproductive behaviors have received far less attention, despite an intensive research effort on ocean acidification and its ecological importance. Here, we investigate whether elevated levels of CO2 affect reproduction in breeding pairs of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, a model species in behavioral, evolutionary ecology, and environmental toxicology. We found that males under both present day levels (400 µatm) and future levels (1000 µatm) of CO2 developed normal sexual ornaments, pursued normal nest building activities, exhibited similar levels of courtship behaviors and displacement fanning, and had the same mating probability. Moreover, fanning behavior during the paternal care period followed what is expected for the species for males from both treatments, and there was no effect of treatment on the numbers of offspring produced. This study is the first to investigate the effect of elevated CO2 on the complete breeding cycle in detail, studying an array of highly fitness-relevant traits. Our study showing surprising resilience of fish reproduction is an important contribution in order to realistically predict the impacts of future ocean acidification.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations promote ant tending of aphids

1. Animal mutualisms, which involve beneficial interactions between individuals of different species, are common in nature. Insect-insect mutualism, for example, is widely regarded as a keystone ecological interaction. Some mutualisms are anticipated to be modified by climate change, but the focus has largely been on plant-microbe and plant-animal mutualisms rather than those between animals. 2. Ant-aphid mutualisms, whereby ants tend aphids to harvest their honeydew excretions and, in return, provide protection for the aphids are widespread. The mutualism is heavily influenced by the quality and quantity of honeydew produced by aphids, which is directly affected by host plant quality. Since predicted increases in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) are widely reported to affect plant nutritional chemistry, this may also alter honeydew quality and hence the nature of ant-aphid mutualisms. 3. Using glasshouse chambers and field-based open top chambers we determined the effect of eCO2 on the growth and nutritional quality (foliar amino acids) of lucerne (Medicago sativa). We determined how cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) populations and honeydew production were impacted when feeding on such plants and how this affected the tending behaviour of ants (Iridomyrmex spp.). 4. eCO2 stimulated plant growth but decreased concentrations of foliar amino acids by 29% and 14% on aphid-infested plants and aphid-free plants, respectively. Despite the deterioration in host plant quality under eCO2, aphids maintained performance and populations were unchanged by eCO2. Aphids induced higher concentrations of amino acids (glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid) important for endosymbiont-mediated synthesis of essential amino acids. Aphids feeding under eCO2 also produced over three times more honeydew than aphids feeding under ambient CO2., suggesting they were imbibing more phloem sap at eCO2. The frequency of ant tending of aphids more than doubled in response to eCO2. 5. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of atmospheric change on an ant-aphid mutualism. In particular, these results highlight how impending changes to concentrations of atmospheric CO2 may alter mutualistic behaviour between animals. These could include positive impacts, as reported here, shifts from mutualism to antagonism, partner switches and mutualism abandonment.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean

Stimulation of C3 crop yield by rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) is widely expected to counteract crop losses that are due to greater drought this century. But these expectations come from sparse field trials that have been biased towards mesic growth conditions. This eight-year study used precipitation manipulation and year-to-year variation in weather conditions at a unique open-air field facility to show that the stimulation of soybean yield by elevated [CO2] diminished to zero as drought intensified. Contrary to the prevalent expectation in the literature, rising [CO2] did not counteract the effect of strong drought on photosynthesis and yield because elevated [CO2] interacted with drought to modify stomatal function and canopy energy balance. This new insight from field experimentation under hot and dry conditions, which will become increasingly prevalent in the coming decades, highlights the likelihood of negative impacts from interacting global change factors on a key global commodity crop in its primary region of production.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations promote ant tending of aphids

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publicApr 2019View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Elevated carbon dioxide alters the plasma composition and behaviour of a shark

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publicAug 2014View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean

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publicAug 2017View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on male and female behavioural lateralisation in a temperate goby

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publicMar 2018View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: No effect of elevated carbon dioxide on reproductive behaviors in the three-spined stickleback

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publicJul 2017View details →
dryad28/100

Data from: Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon-based plant defences

Predicted increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may alter the susceptibility of many plants to insect herbivores due to changes in plant nutrition and defences. Silicon plays a critical role in plant defence against herbivores, so increasing such silicon-based defences in plants may help remediate situations where plants become more susceptible to herbivores. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) were subjected to fully factorial treatment combinations of ambient (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) atmospheric CO2 concentrations; ambient silicon or silicon supplementation; insect-free or subject to root herbivory by greyback canegrub (Dermolepida albohirtum). A glasshouse study was used to determine how these factors affected rates of photosynthesis, growth, chemistry (concentrations of silicon, carbon, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates). Changes in canegrub mass were determined in the glasshouse pot study, together with more detailed assessment of how eCO2 and silicon supplementation affected performance and feeding behaviour (relative growth rate and relative consumption) in a 24-hour feeding efficiency assay. eCO2 and silicon supplementation increased rates of photosynthesis (+32% and 14%, respectively) sugarcane biomass (+45% and 69%, respectively). Silicon supplementation increased silicon concentrations in both leaves and roots by 54% and 75%, respectively. eCO2 caused root C:N to increase by 12%. Canegrub performance and consumption increased under eCO2; relative growth rate (RGR) increased by 116% and consumed 57% more root material (suggestive of compensatory feeding). Silicon application reversed these effects, with large decreases in mass change, RGR and root consumption (65% less root mass consumed). Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could lead to increased crop damage by a below-ground herbivore. Increasing bioavailable silicon in soil stimulated silicon-based defences which dramatically decreased herbivory and herbivore performance. Our findings suggest future pest management strategies could benefit from characterising deficiencies in bioavailable silicon in agricultural soils and targeted application of silicon fertilisers. Moreover, future breeding programmes should exploit variation in silicon uptake between cultivars to enhance silicon uptake in new crop varieties. Silicon-based plant defence proved to be highly beneficial for remediating the negative effects of atmospheric change on sugarcane susceptibility to herbivory and could be applicable in other crops.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →
dryad28/100

Data from: Patterns of univariate and multivariate plasticity to elevated carbon dioxide in six European populations of Arabidopsis thaliana

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publicMay 2020View details →

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Last verified 2026-04-29Open record