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542 results for “endophytes”
Effects of factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrient addition and Host Community on Fungal Endophyte Diversity at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Reserve, Minnesota, USA, 2014
The microbes contained within free-living organisms can alter host growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. In turn, processes occurring at larger scales determine the local biotic and abiotic environment of each host that may affect the diversity and composition of the microbiome community. Here, we examine variation in the diversity and composition of the foliar fungal microbiome in the grass host, Andropogon gerardii, across a factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition experiment in Minnesota, USA. We found limited evidence of direct effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity. Instead, the effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity appeared to be mediated by accumulation of plant litter and plant diversity loss. Specifically, nitrogen addition is associated with a 40% decrease in plant diversity and an 11% decrease in endophyte richness. Although nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition increased aboveground live biomass and decreased relative Andropogon cover, endophyte diversity did not covary with live plant biomass or Andropogon cover. Our results suggest that fungal endophyte diversity within this focal host is determined in part by the diversity of the surrounding plant community and its potential impact on immigrant propagules and dispersal dynamics. Our results suggest that elemental nutrients reduce endophyte diversity indirectly via impacts on the local plant community, not direct response to nutrient addition.
Demographic data from long-term symbiont removal experiments with grasses and Epichloë fungal endophytes
This project was designed to understand the demographic effects of vertically transmitted fungal endophytes (Epichloë spp.) on their grass hosts. The experiment includes seven host-symbiont taxonomic pairs: Agrostis perennans - E. amarillans, Elymus villosus - E. elymi, Elymus virginicus - E. elymi or EviTG-1, Festuca subverticillata - E. starrii, Poa alsodes - E. alsodes, Poa sylvestris - E. PsyTG-1, Schedonorus arundinaceus - E. coenophiala. Experimental plots were established at the Indiana University Lilly-Dickey Woods Research and Teaching Preserve in south-central Indiana, USA in 2007. For each species, 5-10 plots were planted with naturally symbiotic (S+) hosts, and 5-10 plots were plated with hosts that were disinfected of fungal endophytes by heat treatment (S-). Over 15 years (2007-2022) we collected demographic data on the survival, growth, reproduction, and recruitment of all plants in all plots. Beginning in 2018 we also collected data on the locations of all plants in every plot.
Deschampsia biomass, soil microbes and endophyte root colonization for snowmelt and microbial innoculation transplant experiment in the Green Lakes Valley, 2015-2018
As organisms shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change, biotic interactions have emerged as an important factor driving the rate and success of range expansions. Plant-microbe interactions are an understudied but potentially important factor governing plant range shifts. We studied the distribution and function of microbes present in high-elevation unvegetated soils, areas that plants are colonizing as climate warms, snow melts earlier and the summer growing season lengthens. Using a manipulative snowpack and microbial inoculation transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that growing season length and microbial community composition interact to control plant elevational range shifts. We predicted that a lengthening growing season combined with dispersal to patches of soils with more mutualistic microbes and fewer pathogenic microbes would facilitate plant survival and growth in previously unvegetated areas. We identified negative effects on survival of the common alpine bunchgrass Deschampsia cespitosa in both short and long growing seasons, suggesting an optimal growing season length for plant survival in this system that balances time for growth with soil moisture levels. Importantly, growing season length and microbes interacted to affect plant survival and growth, such that microbial community composition increased in importance in suboptimal growing season lengths. Further, plants grown with microbes from unvegetated soils grew as well or better than plants grown with microbes from vegetated soils. These results suggest that the rate and spatial extent of plant colonization of unvegetated soils in mountainous areas experiencing climate change could depend on both growing season length and soil microbial community composition, with microbes potentially playing more important roles as growing seasons lengthen.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes root colonization in Upper Green Lakes Valley, 2007-2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two fungal groups that colonize plant roots and can benefit plant growth, but little is known about their landscape distributions. We performed sequencing and microscopy on a variety of plants across a high-elevation landscape featuring plant density, snowpack, and nutrient gradients. Percent colonization by both AMF and DSE varied significantly among plant species, and DSE colonized forbs and grasses more than sedges. AMF were more abundant in roots at lower elevation areas with lower snowpack and lower phosphorus and nitrogen levels, suggesting increased hyphal recruitment by plants to aid in nutrient uptake. DSE colonization was highest in areas with less snowpack and higher inorganic nitrogen levels, suggesting an important role for these fungi in mineralizing organic nitrogen. Both of these groups of fungi are likely to be important for plant fitness and establishment in areas limited by phosphorus and nitrogen.
Root endophyte colonization in the black sand extended growing season experiment for Audubon, Lefty, East Knoll and Trough sites, 2023.
This dataset contains detailed microscopy-based observations of root colonization by three major fungal guilds—arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), dark septate endophytes (DSE), and fine root endophytes (FRE)—across multiple alpine plant species sampled from experimental black sand (early snowmelt) plots in the Rocky Mountains. Root samples were collected from plots subjected to different snowmelt timing treatments ("Early" and "Control") using black sand to cause early snowmelt to investigate the effects of phenological shifts in plants on fungal colonization. Each sample includes metadata on collection date, field location, plant species, and staining/scoring logistics, as well as quantified colonization metrics such as hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles, and other fungal structures. This dataset supports ongoing research into how alpine plant–fungal interactions respond to changing environmental conditions and may help identify shifts in mutualistic and non-mutualistic associations under climate-altered snowmelt regimes.
Dataset from the analysis of biological activity of endophytic strain Serratia quinivorans KP32, the expression of biocontrol-related genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bacterial cells treated with pathogenic fungi filtrates
<p>This dataset contains the data from the analyses published in the article entitled "Genetic Determinants of Antagonistic Interactions and the Response of New Endophytic Strain <i>Serratia quinivorans</i> KP32 to Fungal Phytopathogens" in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415561). The data consist of results collected for studies on the antifungal activity of KP32 strain towards four fungal phytopathogens, results of primer efficiency determination and studies on the expression of genes potentially involved in biocontrol after treatment of KP32 strain with the fungal phytopathogens filtrates. Additionally, absorbances from activity tests for catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the strain treated with fungal pathogens are included.</p>
Figure 4 in Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Figure 4: Isolate UE-5 (Aspergillus terreus). (A) Surface of colony, on potato dextrose agar after 6 days culture at 28 °C. (B) Reverse of colony. (C) Mycelia, conidiophores and conidia after 5 days culture. (D) Conidiophore with conidia. (E) Phylogenetic tree inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences using maximum likelihood method.
Figure 3 in Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Figure 3: Isolates UE-3 (Curvularia sp., A–C) and UE-4 (Curvularia moringae, D–H). (A) Surface of colony, on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after 6 days culture at 28 °C. (B) Reverse of colony. (C) Mycelia and conidia after 7 days culture. (D) Surface of colony, on PDA after 12 days culture at 28 °C. (E) Reverse of colony. (F) Mycelia and conidia after 7 days culture. (G) Conidium. (H) Phylogenetic tree inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences using maximum likelihood method.
Figure 6 in Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Figure 6: Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts obtained from marine endophytic fungi associated with Ulva sp. against five bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungus (Aspergillus flavus). Values are mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Bars with different letters are significantly different according to Tukey's post hoc test at p = 0.05. Note: The solvent control (dichloromethane) showed no inhibition (0 mm). The strongest inhibitory effects were observed with the positive controls kanamycin (S1) and ketoconazole (S2).
Figure 2 in Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Figure 2: Isolate UE-2 (Nigrospora magnoliae). (A) Surface of colony, on potato dextrose agar after 6 days culture at 28 °C. (B) Reverse of colony. (C) Mycelia and conidia after 21 days culture. (D) Conidiogenus cells with conidia. (E) Phylogenetic tree inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences using maximum likelihood method.
Figure 5 in Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Figure 5: Isolate UE-6 (Collariella sp.). (A) Surface of colony, on potato dextrose agar after 12 days culture at 28 °C. (B) Reverse of colony. (C) Terminal ascomatal hairs with ascospores after 45 days culture. (D) Phylogenetic tree inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences using maximum likelihood method.
Figure 1 in Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Figure 1: Isolate UE-1 (Chaetomium globosum). (A) Surface of colony, on potato dextrose agar after 6 days culture at 28 °C. (B) Reverse of colony. (C) Ascomata after 28 days culture. (D) Asci.(E) Ascus with ascospores. (F) Ascospores. (G) Phylogenetic tree inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences using maximum likelihood method.
Figure 3 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 3. Variations (mean ± standard error) of aerial mass (A), root mass (B) and total seedling mass (C) of Copaifera oblongifolia as a function of treatments with inoculation of different species of endophytic fungi. Different letters on the bars indicate statistical variations between treatments (P <0.05) according contrast analysis
Figure 1 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 1. Variations (mean ± standard error) of the germination percentage (A) and the time required for germination (B) of Copaifera oblongifolia seeds as a function of treatments with inoculation of different species of endophytic fungi. Different letters on the bars indicate statistical variations between treatments (P <0.05) according contrast analysis.
Figure 4 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 4. The relationship between aerial mass (A), root mass (B) and total seedling mass (C) with seed mass of Copaifera oblongifolia.
Figure 4 in Endophytic fungi in roots of native orchids of rupestrian grasslands (campos rupestres) in Serra do Cipó, Brazil
Figure 4. Phylogenetic inference of the endophytic fungal genus Serendipita generated by Bayesian analysis of ITS sequences. A posteriori probabilities are indicated on the nodes. Bold codes and respective NCBI access numbers for the isolates obtained from roots of the five native orchids (Cattleya brevipedunculata, Epidendrum saxatile, E. secundum, Grobya cipoensis and Pleurothallis teres) sampled in a rupestrian grasslands of Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Identification and accession number for NCBI and UNITE platform are provided to reference sequences.
Figure 3 in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 3. Alfa rarefaction curve observed based on observed species (OTUs) value. The curve has shown flatter to the right, which indicates the comparatively high species richness of the senna italica samples. Roots samples: Roots.1, Roots.2, and Roots.3. Leaves samples: Leaves.1, Leaves.2, and Leaves.3 are associated with Senna italica.
Figure 1 in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 1. (A) Results of clustering: Assembling a group of organisms (The organisms in the same group are similar). (B) The number of OTUs generated for each sample. The Root.1 sample had the most OTUs of 24, while the Leave.1 sample had the fewest of 13. Roots samples: Roots.1, Roots.2, and Roots.3. Leaves samples: Leaves.1, Leaves.2, and Leaves.3 are associated with Senna italica.
Figure 6. A in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 6. A. The phylum level in Bacteria (bar chart), the bacterial composition of the different samples was similar, while the distribution of each phylum varied in all samples. Based on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA region. Bacterial communities at the phylum classification among the samples (pie chart), as a percentage of the total bacteria isolated from roots and leaves endophyte region. Based on the full-length 16S rRNA sequences. (B) The number of Actinobacteria among the samples. (C) The number of Proteobacteria among the samples. (D) The number of unclassified phyla among the samples. (E) The number of Firmicutes phyla among the samples. (F) The number of Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast among the samples. Roots samples: Roots.1, Roots.2, and Roots.3. Leaves samples: Leaves.1, Leaves.2, and Leaves.3 are associated with Senna italica.
Figure 5 in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences representing the diversity of endophytic bacterial communities associated with the leaves and roots from the desert medicinal plant Senna italica "at the Phylum level". The tree was constructed using the "one-click" mode in Phylogeny.fr.(Dereeper et al., 2008).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.