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Fig. 2 in Diurnal activity, temperature responses and endothermy in three South American cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Dorisiana bonaerensis, Quesada gigas and Fidicina mannifera)

Fig. 2. Tb of Dorisiana bonaerensis during a light rain under a heavy overcast on the 21st December 1986. These animals were not exposed to direct solar radiation before the Tb was recorded. Closed circles, represent body temperatures of singing D. bonaerensis; open circles, represent body temperatures of D. bonaerensis engaged in other activities (including no activity). Details as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 in Diurnal activity, temperature responses and endothermy in three South American cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Dorisiana bonaerensis, Quesada gigas and Fidicina mannifera)

Fig. 3. Distribution of Dorisiana bonaerensis Tb as a function of Ta. The slope of the linear regression for "active" animals (closed circles) is significantly different from one, suggesting thermoregulation. The slope of the linear regression for "inactive" animals (open circles) is not significantly different from one, suggesting no thermoregulation is occurring.

Fig. 4 in Diurnal activity, temperature responses and endothermy in three South American cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Dorisiana bonaerensis, Quesada gigas and Fidicina mannifera)

Fig. 4. Distribution of Tb of as a function of Ta when Dorisiana bonaerensis were not exposed to solar radiation. The slope of the linear regression for " active " animals (closed circles) is significantly different from one, suggesting thermoregulation is occurring with endogenous heat. The slope of the linear regression for " inactive " animals (open circles) is not significantly different from one, suggesting no thermoregulation is occurring when the animals do not generate heat for activity.

Fig. 1 in Diurnal activity, temperature responses and endothermy in three South American cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Dorisiana bonaerensis, Quesada gigas and Fidicina mannifera)

Fig. 1. Diurnal distribution of Tb of Dorisiana bonaerensis and Quesada gigas on the 13th December 1986. A rainstorm from 07.00 to 08.00 h followed by a misting rain until 09.45 h delayed the start of activity approx. 2 h. Body temperatures are below ambient temperature before activity begins. Body temperatures are elevated at the start of activity (10.00 h) and regulated throughout the day. Body temperatures of quiescent animals decrease with ambient temperature after sunset (20.10 h). Animals participating in the evening chorus have body temperatures in or near the body temperature range measured during the day. Closed circles, Tb of singing D. bonaerensis; open circles, Tb of D. bonaerensis engaged in other activities (including no activity); closed triangles, Tb of singing Q. gigas; open triangles, Tb of Q. gigas performing other activities; solid line, ambient air temperature.

Figure 3 in The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure

Figure 3. The interrelationships of the structures and functions responsible for or affected by endothermic temperature physiology of a mammal.

Figure 2 in The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure

Figure 2. The proposed effect of a small increase in the number of mitochondria per cell on several functions of endothermy.

Figure 4 in The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure

Figure 4. On the left, computer-generated walks through a multi-task landscape requiring adaptation simultaneously for light interception, mechanical stability and reproductive success. On the right, some of the optimal compromise morphologies generated by different walks (from Niklas, 1995).

Figure 1. A in The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure

Figure 1. A, reconstruction of the skeleton of the therocephalian therapsid Regisaurus in lateral and dorsal views (from Kemp, 1986). B, internal view of the nasal cavity of the therocephalian Glanosuchus (from Hillenius, 1994). Abbreviations: etht?, possible ethmo-turbinal ridge; mxt?, possible maxillo-turbinal ridge; nt?, possible naso-turbinal ridge.

publicOct 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Using metabolic data to investigate the role of brood size in the development of endothermy

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opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Endothermy makes fishes faster but does not expand their thermal niche

1. Regional endothermy has evolved several times in marine fishes, and two competing hypotheses are generally proposed to explain the evolutionary drivers behind this trait: thermal niche expansion and elevated cruising speeds. Evidence to support either hypothesis is equivocal, and the ecological advantages conferred by endothermy in fishes remain debated. 2. By compiling published biologging data and collecting precise speed measurements from free-swimming fishes in the wild, we directly test whether endothermic fishes encounter broader temperature ranges, swim faster, or both. Our analyses avoid several complications associated with earlier tests of these hypotheses, as we use precise measurements of the thermal experience and speed of individual fish. 3. Phylogenetically-informed analyses of 89 studies reporting temperature ranges encountered by tagged fishes reveal that endotherms do not encounter broader temperature ranges than their ectothermic counterparts. In contrast, speed measurements from 45 individuals (16 species, of which 4 were regional endotherms) show that endothermic fishes cruise ~ 1.6 times faster than ectotherms, after accounting for the influence of body temperature and body mass on speed. 4. Our study shows that regionally endothermic fishes – those with the ability to conserve metabolically derived heat through vascular countercurrent heat exchangers and elevate the temperature of internal tissues – swim at elevated cruising speeds, although not as fast as previously thought. Contrary to previous studies of endothermy's role in thermal niche expansion, our results suggest the significance of endothermy in fishes lies in the advantages it confers to swimming performance rather than facilitating occupation of broader thermal niches. Given speed's major influence on metabolic rate, our updated speed estimates imply endotherms have lower routine energy requirements than current estimates. 5. Our findings shed light on the evolutionary drivers of regional endothermy in fishes and question the view that the trait confers resilience to climate change through broader thermal tolerance than that of ectotherms.

zenodo36/100

Oxygen consumption (VO 2) was determined from the formula in Diurnal activity, temperature responses and endothermy in three South American cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Dorisiana bonaerensis, Quesada gigas and Fidicina mannifera)

Oxygen consumption (VO 2) was determined from the formula

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Endothermy makes fishes faster but does not expand their thermal niche

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publicMar 2025View details →

Ecological interactions and genomic innovation fueled the evolution of ray-finned fish endothermy

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Data from: Oxygen isotope composition of teeth suggests endothermy and possible migration in some Late Cretaceous shark taxa from the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA

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opennotspecifiedJun 2003View details →

Fig. 1 in Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.)

Fig. 1. Rate of abdominal pumping frequency (Hz) as a function of body temperature (Tb, °C) in Platypleura capensis

Fig. 4 in Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 4. Relationship between ambient temperature (Ta) and cicada body temperature (Tb) during calling in P. semiclara (Tb = 41.467 – 0.15288T, r2 = 0.097). The slope of the regression is a significantly different from 1 (t = –6.988, df = 8, p <0.0001) and not significantly different from 0 (t = 0.9273, df = 8, p = 0.1904), suggesting thermoregulation. Diamonds, diurnal calling animals; squares, animals calling in the evening chorus; triangles, animals calling in the laboratory; open symbols, situations with negligible radiant heat sources such as sunlight.

Fig. 3 in Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 3. Chorusing activity in six choruses of P. semiclara over 3 consecutive days in coastal forest at Mtunzini. The choruses are presented in the same order on each day and are arranged in order of proximity to one another. The vertical lines represent the time of sunrise and sunset.

Fig. 2 in Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 2. Distances between neighbouring calling males in choruses of P. semiclara at Mtunzini. Solid bars denote males producing calling song; hatched bars denote males producing encounter calls.

Fig. 1 in Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 1. Characteristics of call site perches used by Pycna semiclara in the coastal forest at Mtunzini. (A) Height of call sites above ground. (B) Diameters of call site perches.