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4 results for “englacial”
glenglat: Global englacial temperature database
<p>Open-access database of englacial temperature measurements compiled from data submissions and published literature. It is developed on <a href="https://github.com/mjacqu/glenglat">GitHub</a> and published to <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11516611">Zenodo</a>. This version (1.0.0) of the dataset is described in the following publication:</p> <blockquote> <p>Mylène Jacquemart, Ethan Welty, Marcus Gastaldello, and Guillem Carcanade (2025). glenglat: A database of global englacial temperatures. Earth System Science Data 17(4): 1627–1666. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1627-2025">https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1627-2025</a></p> </blockquote> <h2>Dataset structure</h2> <p>The dataset adheres to the Frictionless Data <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/tabular-data-package">Tabular Data Package</a> specification. The metadata in <code>datapackage.json</code> describes, in detail, the contents of the tabular data files in the <code>data</code> folder:</p> <ul> <li><code>source.csv</code>: Description of each data source (either a personal communication or the reference to a published study).</li> <li><code>borehole.csv</code>: Description of each borehole (location, elevation, etc), linked to <code>source.csv</code> via <code>source_id</code> and less formally via source identifiers in <code>notes</code>.</li> <li><code>profile.csv</code>: Description of each profile (date, etc), linked to <code>borehole.csv</code> via <code>borehole_id</code> and to <code>source.csv</code> via <code>source_id</code> and less formally via source identifiers in <code>notes</code>.</li> <li><code>measurement.csv</code>: Description of each measurement (depth and temperature), linked to <code>profile.csv</code> via <code>borehole_id</code> and <code>profile_id</code>.</li> </ul> <p>For boreholes with many profiles (e.g. from automated loggers), pairs of <code>profile.csv</code> and <code>measurement.csv</code> are stored separately in subfolders of <code>data</code> named <code>{source.id}-{glacier}</code>, where <code>glacier</code> is a simplified and kebab-cased version of the glacier name (e.g. <code>flowers2022-little-kluane</code>).</p> <h3>Supporting information</h3> <p>The folder <code>sources</code>, available on <a href="https://github.com/mjacqu/glenglat">GitHub</a> but omitted from dataset releases on <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11516611">Zenodo</a>, contains subfolders (with names matching column <code>source.id</code>) with files that document how and from where the data was extracted.</p> <h2>Tables</h2> <p>Jump to: <a href="#source"><code>source</code></a> · <a href="#borehole"><code>borehole</code></a> · <a href="#profile"><code>profile</code></a> · <a href="#measurement"><code>measurement</code></a></p> <h3><a name="source"></a><code>source</code></h3> <p>Sources of information considered in the compilation of this database. Column names and categorical values closely follow the Citation Style Language (CSL) 1.0.2 specification. Names of people in non-Latin scripts are followed by a latinization in square brackets (e.g. В. С. Загороднов [V. S. Zagorodnov]) and non-English titles are followed by a translation in square brackets. The family name of Latin-script names is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the last word of the name (e.g. Emmanuel {Le Meur}, e.g. {Duan} Keqin) or the name ends in two or more unabbreviated words (e.g. Jon Ove {Hagen}). The family name of a Chinese name (and of the latinization) is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the first character.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>name</th> <th>type</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>id</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Unique identifier constructed from the first author's lowercase, latinized, family name and the publication year, followed as needed by a lowercase letter to ensure uniqueness (e.g. Загороднов 1981 → zagorodnov1981a).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>author</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Author names (optionally followed by their ORCID or contact email in parentheses) as a pipe-delimited list.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>year</code> (required)</td> <td>year</td> <td>Year of publication.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>type</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Item type.<br>- article-journal: Journal article<br>- book: Book (if the entire book is relevant)<br>- chapter: Book section<br>- document: Document not fitting into any other category<br>- dataset: Collection of data<br>- map: Geographic map<br>- paper-conference: Paper published in conference proceedings<br>- personal-communication: Personal communication between individuals<br>- speech: Presentation (talk, poster) at a conference<br>- report: Report distributed by an institution<br>- thesis-phd: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis<br>- thesis-msc: Master of Science (MSc) thesis<br>- webpage: Website or page on a website</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>title</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Item title.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>url</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>URL (DOI if available).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>language</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Language as ISO 639-1 two-letter language code.<br>- da: Danish<br>- de: German<br>- en: English<br>- es: Spanish<br>- fr: French<br>- ja: Japanese<br>- ko: Korean<br>- ru: Russian<br>- sv: Swedish<br>- zh: Chinese</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>container_title</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Title of the container (e.g. journal, book).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>volume</code></td> <td>integer</td> <td>Volume number of the item or container.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>issue</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Issue number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item or container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. F1) or part number (e.g. 75pt2).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>page</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Page number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item in the container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. S1).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>version</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Version number (e.g. 1.0) of the item.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>editor</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Editor names (e.g. of the containing book) as a pipe-delimited list.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>collection_title</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Title of the collection (e.g. book series).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>collection_number</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) in the collection (e.g. book series volume).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>publisher</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Publisher name.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3><a name="borehole"></a><code>borehole</code></h3> <p>Metadata about each borehole.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>name</th> <th>type</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>id</code> (required)</td> <td>integer</td> <td>Unique identifier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>source_id</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Identifier of the source of the earliest temperature measurements. This is also the source of the borehole attributes unless otherwise stated in <code>notes</code>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>glacier_name</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Glacier or ice cap name (as reported).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>glims_id</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier identifier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>location_origin</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Origin of location (<code>latitude</code>, <code>longitude</code>).<br>- submitted: Provided in data submission<br>- published: Reported as coordinates in original publication<br>- digitized: Digitized from published map with complete axes<br>- estimated: Estimated from published plot by comparing to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)<br>- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing <code>elevation</code> to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>latitude</code> (required)</td> <td>number [degree]</td> <td>Latitude (EPSG 4326).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>longitude</code> (required)</td> <td>number [degree]</td> <td>Longitude (EPSG 4326).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>elevation_origin</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Origin of elevation (<code>elevation</code>).<br>- submitted: Provided in data submission<br>- published: Reported as number in original publication<br>- digitized: Digitized from published plot with complete axes<br>- estimated: Estimated from elevation contours in published map<br>- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing location (<code>latitude</code>, <code>longitude</code>) to a map of contemporary elevations (e.g. CalTopo, Google Maps)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>elevation</code> (required)</td> <td>number [m]</td> <td>Elevation above sea level.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>mass_balance_area</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Mass balance area.<br>- ablation: Ablation area<br>- equilibrium: Near the equilibrium line<br>- accumulation: Accumulation area</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>label</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Borehole name (e.g. as labeled on a plot).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>date_min</code></td> <td>date (%Y-%m-%d)</td> <td>Begin date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>date_max</code></td> <td>date (%Y-%m-%d)</td> <td>End date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>drill_method</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Drilling method.<br>- mechanical: Push, percussion, rotary<br>- thermal: Hot point, electrothermal, steam<br>- combined: Mechanical and thermal</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>ice_depth</code></td> <td>number [m]</td> <td>Starting depth of continuous ice. Infinity (INF) indicates that only snow, firn, or intermittent ice was reached.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>depth</code></td> <td>number [m]</td> <td>Total borehole depth (not including drilling in the underlying bed).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>to_bed</code></td> <td>boolean</td> <td>Whether the borehole reached the glacier bed.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>temperature_uncertainty</code></td> <td>number [°C]</td> <td>Estimated temperature uncertainty (as reported).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>notes</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Additional remarks about the study site, the borehole, or the measurements therein as a pipe-delimited list. Sources are referenced by <code>source.id</code>. Quality concerns are prefixed with '[flag]'.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>curator</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Names of people who added the data to the database, as a pipe-delimited list.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>investigators</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Names of people and/or agencies who performed the work, as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'person (agency; ...) {notes}', where only person or one agency is required. Person and agency may contain a latinized form in square brackets.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>funding</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Funding sources as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'funder [rorid] > award [number] url', where only funder is required and rorid is the funder's ROR (https://ror.org) ID (e.g. 01jtrvx49).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3><a name="profile"></a><code>profile</code></h3> <p>Date and time of each measurement profile.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>name</th> <th>type</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>borehole_id</code> (required)</td> <td>integer</td> <td>Borehole identifier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>id</code> (required)</td> <td>integer</td> <td>Borehole profile identifier (starting from 1 for each borehole).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>source_id</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Source identifier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>measurement_origin</code> (required)</td> <td>string</td> <td>Origin of measurements (<code>measurement.depth</code>, <code>measurement.temperature</code>).<br>- submitted: Provided as numbers in data submission<br>- published: Numbers read from original publication<br>- digitized-discrete: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from discrete points of depth versus temperature<br>- digitized-continuous: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from a continuous data source (e.g. line plot of depth versus temperature)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>date_min</code></td> <td>date (%Y-%m-%d)</td> <td>Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>date_max</code> (required)</td> <td>date (%Y-%m-%d)</td> <td>Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>time</code></td> <td>time (%H:%M:%S)</td> <td>Measurement time.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>utc_offset</code></td> <td>number [h]</td> <td>Time offset relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>equilibrium</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Whether and how reported temperatures equilibrated following drilling.<br>- true: Equilibrium was measured<br>- estimated: Equilibrium was estimated (typically by extrapolation)<br>- false: Equilibrium was not reached</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>notes</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Additional remarks about the profile or the measurements therein as a pipe-delimited list. Sources are referenced by <code>source.id</code>. Quality concerns are prefixed with '[flag]'.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3><a name="measurement"></a><code>measurement</code></h3> <p>Temperature measurements with depth.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>name</th> <th>type</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>borehole_id</code> (required)</td> <td>integer</td> <td>Borehole identifier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>profile_id</code> (required)</td> <td>integer</td> <td>Borehole profile identifier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>depth</code> (required)</td> <td>number [m]</td> <td>Depth below the glacier surface.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>temperature</code> (required)</td> <td>number [°C]</td> <td>Temperature.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data from air, englacial and permafrost temperature measurements on Mt. Ortles (Eastern European Alps)
<p>The *.csv files report the temperature data recorded between 2010 and 2016 and presented in the paper “Modern air, englacial and permafrost temperatures at high altitude on Mt. Ortles, (3905 m a.s.l.) in the Eastern European Alps” (Carturan et al., 2023, submitted). The data were used to display the time series reported in the paper, which details variable names, data quality flags, maintenance logs of field operations, and characteristics of measurement sites.</p> <p>The data files contain measurements of air temperature, englacial temperature, soil surface temperature and rockwall temperature.</p> <p>The file named ‘Ortles_Temperature_Metadata.pdf’ contains information regarding variable names, structure of data files, quality codes, geolocation, and topographic and geomorphological characteristics of sites instrumented for temperature measurements.</p> <p>Reference:</p> <p>Carturan, L., De Blasi, F., Dinale, R., Dragà, G., Gabrielli, P., Mair, V., Seppi, R., Tonidandel, D., Zanoner, T., Zendrini, T. L., and Dalla Fontana, G.: Modern air, englacial and permafrost temperatures at high altitude on Mt. Ortles, (3905 m a.s.l.) in the Eastern European Alps, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-164, in review, 2023.</p>
Plots source data for the Communications Earth & Environment research article titled: Diurnal expansion and contraction of englacial fracture networks revealed by seismic shear wave splitting
<p>The source data for plotting figures presented in the main text of article titled: Diurnal expansion and contraction of englacial fracture networks revealed by seismic shear wave splitting.</p>
Data files used in the paper "First Radar Evidence of Large-Scale Englacial Folding in the South Polar Layered Deposits (Ultimi Scopuli, Mars) and Possible Ice Sheet Flow Unveiled by MARSIS" By Guallini et al.
<p>This archive contains radargrams, geometric information and visualizations of a subset of MARSIS radar observations over Planum Australe, Mars. This archive contains everything needed to reproduce the results presented in the paper "Large-scale folds detected by MARSIS in the Southern ice sheet of Ultimi Scopuli (Mars)" by Guallini et al.</p> <p>Three types of MARSIS data files are contained in this archive:</p> <p>* orbit_XXXXX_frequency_Y_MHz_radargram.csv, where XXXXX is the orbit number, and Y the frequency at which the radar was operating, in MHz. The file contains an ASCII table of real numbers separated by commas. The table has as many columns as the number of radar echoes acquired during the orbit (usually 3200), and 980 lines, one for each echo sample. Values are samples of the uncalibrated echo voltage, without phase information (i.e. positive real numbers instead of complex echo samples). Echo samples are acquired every 0.3571 microseconds (2.8 MHz sampling rate). The first sample of an echo is located at a round-trip time corresponding to an altitude of 25 km above the Martian IAU ellipsoid.</p> <p>* orbit_XXXXX_frequency_Y_MHz_geometry.csv, where XXXXX is the orbit number, and Y the frequency at which the radar was operating, in MHz. The file contains an ASCII table of real numbers separated by commas. The table has as many rows as the number of radar echoes acquired during the orbit (usually 3200), and contains the following auxiliary parameters:</p> <p> - EPHEMERIS TIME - Number of seconds elapsed since Jan 1, 2000, 12:00 UTC corresponding to the time at which data collection for the current echo started.</p> <p> - MARS SOLAR LONGITUDE - Angle between the Mars-Sun line at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME and the Mars-Sun line at the vernal equinox, in degrees.</p> <p> - MARS SUN DISTANCE - Distance from the centre of Mars to centre of the Sun at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, in Km.</p> <p> - SPACECRAFT ALTITUDE - Distance from the Mars Express spacecraft to the reference surface of the target body measured normal to the surface at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, expressed in Km.</p> <p> - SUB-SPACECRAFT LONGITUDE - East longitude of the point on the target body that lies closest to the Mars Express spacecraft at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, expressed in degrees and in the [ 0 -360 ] range.</p> <p> - SUB-SPACECRAFT LATITUDE - Planetocentric latitude of the point on the target body that lies directly beneath the Mars Express spacecraft at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, expressed in degrees.</p> <p> - RADIAL VELOCITY - Radial component of the Mars Express spacecraft velocity vector in the reference frame of the target body at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, expressed in Km/s.</p> <p> - TANGENTIAL VELOCITY - Tangential component of the Mars Express spacecraft velocity vector in the reference frame of the target body at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, expressed in Km/s.</p> <p> - LOCAL TRUE SOLAR TIME - Angle between the extension of the vector from the Sun to Mars and the projection on Mars' ecliptic plane of a vector from the center of the target body and the point on the target body surface that lies directly beneath the Mars Express spacecraft at the time corresponding to EPHEMERIS TIME, expressed on a 24-hour clock with decimal fractions of the hour.</p> <p>* orbit_XXXXX_frequency_Y_MHz.png, where XXXXX is the orbit number, and Y the frequency at which the radar was operating, in MHz. The file is a visualization of the corresponding radargram, of the spacecraft ground track during the observation, and of surface and subsurface echo power.</p>
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