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49 results for “environmental cues”
Examination of head versus body heading may help clarify the extent to which animal movement pathways are structured by environmental cues?
<p>Understanding the processes that determine how animals allocate time to space is a major challenge, althoughit is acknowledged that summed animal movement pathways over time must define space-time use. The criticalquestion is then, what processes structure these pathways? Following the idea that turns within pathways mightbe based on environmentally determined decisions, we equipped Arabian oryx with head- and body-mounted tagsto determine how they orientated their heads – which we posit is indicative of them assessing the environment– in relation to their movement paths, to investigate the role of environment scanning in path tortuosity. Aftersimulating predators to verify that oryx look directly at objects of interest, we recorded that, during routinemovement, > 60% of all turns in the animals' paths, before being executed, were preceded by a change in headheading that was not immediately mirrored by the body heading: The path turn angle (as indicated by the bodyheading) correlated with a prior change in head heading (with head heading being mirrored by subsequent turnsin the path) twenty-one times more than when path turns occurred due to the animals adopting a body headingthat went in the opposite direction to the change in head heading. Although we could not determine what theobjects of interest were, and therefore the proposed reasons for turning, we suggest that this reflects the use ofcephalic senses to detect advantageous environmental features (e.g. food) or to detect detrimental features (e.g.predators). The results of our pilot study suggest how turns might emerge in animal pathways and we proposethat examination of points of inflection in highly resolved animal paths could represent decisions in landscapesand their examination could enhance our understanding of how animal pathways are structured.</p>
Figure 8 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 8. Biomass of upright and rosette Conyza canadensis plants of the MSU-18 population in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 6 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 6. Biomass of upright and rosette Conyza canadensis plants of a susceptible population (S-117) in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 5 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 5. Biomass of rosette Conyza canadensis plants of a susceptible population (S-117) and two resistant populations (ISB-18 and MSU-18) in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 4 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 4. Biomass of upright Conyza canadensis plants of a susceptible population (S-117) and two resistant populations (ISB-18 and MSU-18) in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 3 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 3. Upright-type Conyza canadensis seedling identified in the growth type experiment as growing upright, light green in color.
Figure 2 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 2. Rosette-type Conyza canadensis seedling identified in the growth type experiment as forming a rosette, dark green in color.
Figure 1 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 1. Upright- (left) and rosette- (right) type Conyza canadensis plants emerging simultaneously in a field in midsummer.
Data for: Similar environmental cues guide timing of breeding and seasonal shifts in songbird social structure
<p>Seasonally breeding animals often exhibit different social structures during non-breeding and breeding periods that coincide with seasonal environmental variation. Therefore, ongoing climate change may play an important role in determining the future structure of animal societies, especially if climate determines when seasonal shifts in social structure occur. However, we know little about the environmental cues that determine the timing of seasonal shifts in social structure, a lack of knowledge that contrasts with our well-defined knowledge of the environmental cues that trigger a shift to breeding physiology in seasonally breeding species. Here we tested whether the environmental cues that drive seasonal shifts in social structure are similar to those that determine timing of breeding in the red-backed fairywren (<em>Malurus melanocephalus</em>), an Australian songbird. Social network analyses revealed that social groups, which are highly territorial during the breeding season, interact in social "communities" on larger ranges during the non-breeding season. Interactions among non-breeding groups were related to rainfall, with more rainfall leading to reductions in home range size and fewer interactions among non-breeding social groups. Similarly, onset of breeding was also determined by rainfall during the non-breeding season, with greater rainfall leading to earlier breeding. These findings reveal that for some species, the cues that determine the timing of shifts in social structure across seasonal boundaries can be similar to those that determine timing of breeding. This study increases our understanding of how social structure and the selection pressures that result from different social structures might respond to changing climates.</p>
Anticipatory plasticity: frog embryos respond to environmental cues by producing an adaptive phenotype at hatching
<p>Developmental plasticity can occur at any life stage, but a context in which it might be crucial is when individuals that produce specific phenotypes early in development gain a competitive advantage at a later life stage. Here we asked if pre-hatching (embryonic) exposure to a nutrient-rich resource can impact hatchling morphology in tadpoles of Mexican spadefoot toads, <em>Spea multiplicata</em>. Induction of a distinctive carnivore morph can occur when a tadpole eats live fairy shrimp. We investigated whether cues from fairy shrimp, detected as embryos, determine hatchling morphology in a manner allowing individuals to take advantage of this nutritious resource. We found that hatchlings with embryonic exposure to shrimp were larger and had larger jaw muscles––traits that increase their ability to compete for shrimp. Thus, embryos can assess and respond to environmental cues by producing preemptive resource-use phenotypes. Such anticipatory plasticity may be an important but understudied form of developmental plasticity.</p>
Individual variation in spawning migration timing in a salmonid fish—exploring roles of environmental and social cues
<p><span>Describing and explaining patterns of individual animal behaviors in situ, and their repeatability over the annual cycle, is an emerging field in ecology owing largely to advances in tagging technology. We describe individual movements of adult Sakhalin taimen, <em>Parahucho</em> <em>perryi</em>, an endangered salmonid fish, in the headwaters of a river in northern Japan during the spring spawning season over two years. Migration timing, separated into stages prior to, during, and following the spawning period, was found to be more consistent and repeatable for females than males. We hypothesized that the observed coordinated movement within seasons, and repeatability in migration timing across seasons, could result from 1) individual-specific responsiveness resulting from endogenous, biological traits that are mediated by environmental factors, or 2) social interactions among comigrating individuals. We found that water temperature and water level experienced by fish near the river mouth approximately a week before arrival at the spawning ground explained variability in run timing between years for females but not males. We found no evidence of conspecific attraction or repulsion resulting from social interactions among the spawners and post-spawners. We conclude that individual-specific responsiveness to environmental cues was the likely mechanism underpinning the observed migration timing and movement patterns.</span></p>
Examination of head versus body heading may help clarify the extent to which animal movement pathways are structured by environmental cues?
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Anticipatory plasticity: frog embryos respond to environmental cues by producing an adaptive phenotype at hatching
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Individual variation in spawning migration timing in a salmonid fish—exploring roles of environmental and social cues
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Complex multi-trait responses to multivariate environmental cues in a seasonal butterfly
<p>Dataset for 'Complex multi-trait responses to multivariate environmental cues in a seasonal butterfly'.</p>
Data for: The interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees
<p>The great phenological diversification characteristic of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) suggests that these patterns result from a complex interplay between exogenous (e.g., climatic) and endogenous (e.g., morphological, physiological, anatomical) factors. Based on the well-established relationships of wood density with water-storing capacity and cavitation vulnerability in woody plants, we hypothesized differential vegetative and reproductive phenological responses to environmental cues for hardwood and softwood species. To test this hypothesis, we compared phenological patterns of pairs of conspecific populations of 10 species differing in wood density, occurring in two localities with slightly different climatic regimes, and evaluated the influence of three environmental variables (rainfall, photoperiod, temperature) on them. Our results, based on the assessment of the overlap of the phenological curves of conspecific populations occurring in different sites and on linear modeling, showed different effects of the environmental factors on phenophase attributes, depending on wood density of the study species, thus supporting our hypothesis. Leaf out in softwood species took place in the dry season, they shed the foliage at the first signs of drought, and once leafless, they flowered and fruited shortly after. By contrast, hardwood species bore leaves and flowers in the rainy season, shed their leaves several months after the rain ceased, and produced fruits during the dry season. We conclude that the role of environmental variables in cueing growth and reproduction cycles in SDTF tree species is interrelated with their wood density, a key endogenous factor crucially linked to plant hydraulics in these water-limited ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Symbiont-specific responses to environmental cues in a threesome lichen symbiosis
<p><span>Photosymbiodemes are a special case of lichen symbiosis where one lichenized fungus engages in symbiosis with two different photosynthetic partners, a cyanobacterium and a green alga, to develop two distinctly looking photomorphs. We investigated differential gene expression in photosymbiodemes of the lichen <em>Peltigera</em> <em>britannica</em> at different temperatures representing mild and putatively stressful conditions and compared gene expression of thallus sectors containing cyanobacterial photobionts with thallus sectors with both green algal and cyanobacterial photobionts. Firstly, because of known ecological differences between photomorphs, we investigated symbiont-specific responses in gene expression to temperature increases. Secondly, we quantified photobiont-mediated differences in fungal gene expression. High temperatures expectedly led to an upregulation of genes involved in heat shock responses in all organisms in whole transcriptome data. As expected, the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis was increased in both photobiont types at 15 and 25°C. The green algae exhibited thermal stress responses mainly at 25°C, and the fungus and the cyanobacteria already by 15°C, demonstrating symbiont-specific responses to environmental cues and symbiont-specific ecological optima. Furthermore, photobiont-mediated differences in fungal gene expression could be identified, with upregulation of distinct biological processes in the different morphs, showing that interaction with specific symbiosis partners profoundly impacts fungal gene expression.</span></p>
Data from: Genomic loci involved in sensing environmental cues and metabolism affect seasonal coat shedding in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Seasonal shedding of winter hair at the start of summer is well-studied in wild and domesticated populations. However, the genetic influences on this trait and their interactions are poorly understood. We use data from 13,364 cattle with 36,899 repeated phenotypes to investigate the relationship between hair shedding and environmental variables, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and their interactions to understand quantitative differences in seasonal shedding. Using de-regressed estimated breeding values from a repeated records model in a genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) and meta-analysis of year-specific GWAA gave remarkably similar results. These GWAA identified hundreds of variants associated with seasonal hair shedding. There were especially strong associations on chromosomes 5 and 23. Genotype-by-environment interaction GWAA identified 1,040 day-length-by-genotype interaction associations and 17 apparent temperature-by-genotype interaction associations with hair shedding, highlighting the importance of day length on hair shedding. Accurate genomic predictions of hair shedding were created for the entire dataset, Angus, Hereford, Brangus, and multi-breed datasets. Loci related to metabolism and light-sensing have a large influence on seasonal hair shedding. This is one of the largest genetic analyses of a phenological trait and provides insight for both agriculture production and basic science.</span></p>
Environmental cues in coral reproduction: Photoperiod and seawater temperature influence oocyte development in <em>Acropora tenuis</em>
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The reliability of environmental cues shapes learning and selection against deleterious alleles in seed beetles
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.