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29 results for “environmental perturbation”
Dataset: Impact of early Danian environmental perturbations on mid-latitude planktic foraminiferal assemblages from the ODP Site 1262 (South Atlantic Ocean)
<div> <div> <div> <p><span>After the mass extinction at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary (~66 Ma), life forms quickly radiated to occupy ecological niches in the world’s oceans. Nevertheless, the aftermath of the Chicxulub impact, the massive volcanism of the Deccan Traps and climatic perturbations endured during the early Danian. The impact of consequent carbon cycle perturbations on nascent plankton communities, such as the Dan-C2 event (~65.80 to ~65.71 Ma), is still poorly known. In this work, we present a detailed study of planktic foraminiferal assemblages from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1262 (Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean), spanning the first ~400 kyr of the Danian. No relevant perturbations in planktic foraminiferal assemblages and carbonate preservation indices have been identified at Site 1262 during the Dan-C2 event. Approximately 50 kyr before the beginning of the Dan-C2 event, a Hg-rich interval, potentially linked to the emplacement of the Ambenali Formation of the Deccan Traps massive volcanism, is recorded between ~65.95 and 65.82 Ma. It coincides with an increase in aberrant planktic foraminifera (~65.93 to ~65.82 Ma), allowing to establish a cause-effect relationship. Additionally, a bloom of triserial guembelitriids was recognized between ~65.87 and ~65.78 Ma, also preceding the Dan-C2 event but lagging the Hg-rich interval and the bloom of aberrant planktic foraminifera. The lag time between the first volcanic episode and ecosystem response may be due to factors such as an inefficient biological pump and increases in temperature, microbial activity and food supply at the ocean surface. A second Hg-rich interval identified between ~65.70 and ~65.65 Ma has been tentatively tied to the Mahabaleswar Formation of the Deccan Traps. Neither the second volcanic episode nor the Dan-C2 event resulted in relevant environmental perturbations at Site 1262. This suggests that, although volcanism may have had an impact on early plankton communities in the early Danian through metal contamination, marine ecosystems likely became progressively more stable and resistant to changes in volcanic emissions and the carbon cycle. </span></p> </div> </div> </div>
Fig. 1 in Influence of environmental variables and anthropogenic perturbations on stream fish assemblages, Upper Paraná River, Central Brazil
Fig. 1. Locations of the sampled sites (dots) in the streams of the Ouvidor River, Goiás State, Brazil. Squares indicate the main cities.
Data from: Strong and weak environmental perturbations cause contrasting restructure of ant transportation networks
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Heterothermy as a mechanism to offset energetic costs of environmental and homeostatic perturbations
<p>Environmental and biotic pressures impose homeostatic costs on all organisms. The energetic costs of maintaining high body temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>b</sub>) render endotherms sensitive to pressures that increase foraging costs. In response, some mammals become more heterothermic to conserve energy. We measured <i>T</i><sub>b</sub> in banner-tailed kangaroo rats (<i>Dipodomys spectabilis</i>) to test and disentangle the effects of air temperature and moonlight (a proxy for predation risk) on thermoregulatory homeostasis. We further perturbed homeostasis in some animals with chronic corticosterone (CORT) via silastic implants. Heterothermy increased across summer, consistent with the predicted effect of lunar illumination (and predation), and in the direction opposite to the predicted effect of environmental temperatures. The effect of lunar illumination was also evident within nights as animals maintained low <i>T</i><sub>b</sub> when the moon was above the horizon. The pattern was accentuated in CORT-treated animals, suggesting they adopted an even further heightened risk-avoidance strategy that might impose reduced foraging and energy intake. Still, CORT-treatment did not affect body condition over the entire study, indicating kangaroo rats offset decreases in energy intake through energy savings associated with heterothermy. Environmental conditions receive the most attention in studies of thermoregulatory homeostasis, but we demonstrated here that biotic factors can be more important and should be considered in future studies.</p>
Diverse environmental perturbations reveal the evolution and context-dependency of genetic effects on gene expression levels
<pre>This repository contains data related to: Diverse environmental perturbations reveal the evolution and context-dependency of genetic effects on gene expression levels Amanda J. Lea, Julie Peng, Julien F. Ayroles A preprint of this work can be found here: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467311v2 Specifically, the filtered, normalized, and batch corrected gene expression data file (31Mar21_all_runs_voom_resid.txt) is provided along with the metadata. We also provide the output from matrix eQTL that was used as input for mashR. Scripts used to generate and analyze these data are provided here: https://github.com/AmandaJLea/LCLs_gene_exp</pre>
Heterothermy as a mechanism to offset energetic costs of environmental and homeostatic perturbations
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Data from: Environmental perturbation, grazing pressure and soil wetness jointly drive mountain tundra toward divergent alternative states
1. Plant communities are structured by complex interactions between multiple factors, which veil our understanding of the effects of environmental changes on communities and ecosystems. Besides the relative role of biotic and abiotic factors as community-structuring processes, addressing how they jointly affect the ecological resilience and resistance of plant communities is crucial to understand better the long-term response of communities facing global changes. 2. Here, we used the results from a long-term (23 years) perturbation experiment set up in Fennoscandian mountain tundra to test these mechanisms. The experiment consisted of a transplantation of twenty blocks of Vaccinium myrtillus heath vegetation including upper soil layer from a lower elevation tundra heath habitat to a snowbed habitat 150 m higher in elevation where V. myrtillus lies at its upper limit. In the snowbed with contrasting levels of soil wetness, half of the transplanted blocks were protected from mammalian herbivores. 3. Our results revealed that in addition to the important role of environmental conditions as a structuring force, the joint effects of multiple drivers resulted in divergent patterns in both plant functional composition and species diversity among transplanted communities. Under environmental perturbation (i.e. transplantation to snowbed), the heath vegetation was altered by grazing pressure that reduced the cover of shrubs (especially V. myrtillus). In grazed dry snowbed, a species rich community with high functional type evenness and diversity developed. Reversely, in dry exclosures, V. myrtillus gained high dominance associated with only few graminoids and forbs. In wet snowbed conditions, shrubs tended to decline both in grazed plots and exclosures whereas bryophytes attained high abundance. Grazing promoted species richness while soil waterlogging tended to promote among-plot heterogeneity (β-diversity) which was highest in wet exclosures. 4. Synthesis Our long-term experiment reveals that environmental perturbation, grazing and soil wetness exhibit joint effects that induce divergent trajectories of tundra plant communities. We suggest that a strong environmental perturbation triggers mountain tundra heath community to move away from its equilibrium state. The outcome of this shift depends on the interplay between grazing pressure and soil wetness that drive tundra plant communities toward divergent alternative states.
Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Comparative phylogeographic studies provide important insights into the biogeographical processes shaping regional patterns of diversity. Yet, comparative studies are lacking for southern African herpetofauna, despite their high diversity. We statistically compare phylogeographic structure and divergence-time estimates among five co-distributed forest-living herpetofaunal taxa to assess rivers, climatic refugia, and climatic gradients as congruent drivers of phylogeographic diversity. <strong>Location:</strong> Maputoland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot, Southern Africa. <strong>Taxon: </strong>herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians). <strong>Methods:</strong> Phylogeographic structure and divergence-times within species were estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Phylogeographic concordance factors were used to estimate the degree of phylogeographic congruence among sympatric localities. Full-likelihood Bayesian comparisons were used to estimate synchronous divergence between phylogeographic regions and across a putative river barrier. Paleoclimatic niche models were compared among taxa to identify congruent climatic refugia. Non-parametric statistics were used to identify climatic differences between regions and among populations within each species. Finally, redundancy analyses were used to assess geographic distance, climate, and the putative river barrier as explanatory variables to genetic diversity. <strong>Results: </strong>There is comprehensive phylogeographic structuring within each species, comprising distinct northerly and southerly clades. Phylogeographic concordance factors generally support co-diversification in a north/south axis. Yet, analyses of the divergence-time estimates through the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene indicate asynchronous phylogeographic histories. Climatic niche models identified idiosyncratic responses to paleoclimatic change. Climatic variables are significantly different among populations in all species and correlated with latitude. A combined model of distance, climate, and rivers explained the greatest proportion of genetic diversity in most taxa, of which climate explained the highest variance. <strong>Main Conclusions: </strong>Ancient and recent species-specific responses to climatic and geological processes resulted in pseudo-congruent phylogeographic histories among the five co-distributed species. The presence of a congruent north/south pattern in multiple taxonomic groups occupying different forested microhabitats, from fossorial to arboreal, supports latitudinal gradients as global drivers of phylogeographic diversity along the east coast of South Africa.</p>
Data from: Environmental perturbation, grazing pressure and soil wetness jointly drive mountain tundra toward divergent alternative states
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Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot
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Data from: Directional selection reduces developmental canalization against genetic and environmental perturbations in Drosophila wings
Natural selection may enhance or weaken the robustness of phenotypes against genetic or environmental perturbations. However, important aspects of the relationship between adaptive evolution and canalization remain unclear. Recent work showed that the evolution of larger wing size in a high altitude natural population of Drosophila melanogaster was accompanied by decanalized wing development – specifically a loss of robustness to genetic perturbation. But this study did not address environmental robustness, and it compared populations that may have numerous biological differences. Here, we perform artificial selection on this same trait in D. melanogaster (larger wing length) and directly test whether this directional selection resulted in decanalization. We find that in general, size-selected replicates show greater frequencies of wing defects than control replicates both after mutagenesis (genetic perturbation) and when subjected to high temperature stress (environmental perturbation), although the increase in defect frequency varies importantly among replicates. These results support the hypothesis that directional selection may result in the loss of both genetic and environmental robustness – offering a rare window into the relationship between adaptation and canalization.
Data from: Coordination of wing and whole body development at developmental milestones ensures robustness against environmental and physiological perturbations
Development produces correctly patterned tissues under a wide range of conditions that alter the rate of development in the whole body. We propose two hypotheses through which tissue patterning could be coordinated with whole body development to generate this robustness. Our first hypothesis states that tissue patterning is tightly coordinated with whole body development over time. The second hypothesis is that tissue patterning aligns at developmental milestones. To distinguish between our two hypotheses, we developed a staging scheme for the wing imaginal discs of Drosophila larvae using the expression of canonical patterning genes, linking our scheme to three whole body developmental events, moulting, larval wandering and pupariation. We used our scheme to explore how the progression of pattern changes when developmental time is altered either by changing temperature or by altering the timing of hormone synthesis that drives developmental progression. We found the expression pattern in the wing disc always aligned at moulting and pupariation, indicating that these key developmental events represent milestones. Between these milestones, the progression of pattern showed greater variability in response to changes in temperature and alterations in physiology. Furthermore, our data showed that discs from wandering larvae had greater variability in their patterning stage. Thus, for wing disc patterning wandering does not appear to be a developmental milestone. Our findings reveal that tissue patterning remains robust against environmental and physiological perturbations by aligning at developmental milestones. Furthermore, our work provides an important glimpse into how the development of individual tissues is coordinated with the body as a whole.
Fig. 2 in Influence of environmental variables and anthropogenic perturbations on stream fish assemblages, Upper Paraná River, Central Brazil
Fig. 2. Ordination of the co-structure between (a) fish assemblages (arrows) and stream sites (squares) and (b) fish species and environmental variables resulting from the co-inertia analysis. Only species that most contributes to each axis are displayed. Black and white squares represent stream sites sampled in the wet and dry season, respectively. Codes correspond to names listed in Tables 1 and 2. Small boxes indicate the graphic scale.
Data from: Directional selection reduces developmental canalization against genetic and environmental perturbations in Drosophila wings
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Data from: Coordination of wing and whole body development at developmental milestones ensures robustness against environmental and physiological perturbations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Global analysis of the impact of environmental perturbation on cis-regulation of gene expression: DEX, 24hr
GEO Series GSE21725. Homo sapiens. 242 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Global analysis of the impact of environmental perturbation on cis-regulation of gene expression: BMP2, 2hr
GEO Series GSE21410. Homo sapiens. 231 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Valdivieso A, Ribas L, Piferrer F. Ovarian transcriptomic signatures of zebrafish females resistant to different environmental perturbations.
GEO Series GSE116700. Danio rerio. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Global analysis of the impact of environmental perturbation on cis-regulation of gene expression: PGE2, 24hr
GEO Series GSE21726. Homo sapiens. 203 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Disease-associated loci share features with loci that regulate gene expression in response to environmental perturbations
GEO Series GSE292909. Homo sapiens. 47 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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