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203 results for “enzyme activity”
Proteolytic Enzyme Activity in Temperate Forest Soils at Harvard Forest and Pisgah State Forest 2007-2010
The objective of this research is to investigate the processes that limit or promote the activity and production of proteolytic enzymes in temperate forest soils. To meet this objective, we performed a series of integrated observations and experiments to investigate a conceptual model of proteolytic enzyme activity whereby activity is a function of the interaction between four parameters: soil temperature and moisture, substrate concentration, and the enzyme pool size. We used four dominant temperate forest tree species that differ in SOM chemistry and the enzymatic capabilities of their fungal symbionts as a model system. These four species differed in mycorrhizal association, with white ash (Fraxinus americana) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) supporting arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia) supporting ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Further, the ECM associated species have leaf litter and SOM that is characterized by higher ratios of C:N than the AM associated. Soil samples were collected two sites, one located at the Prospect Hill Tract of the Harvard Forest and the other at the Pisgah State Forest. The sites have similar land use history and stand age. Soils at both sites are inceptisols classified as Typic Dystrochrepts derived from glacial till overlying granite-schist-gneiss bedrock. Experimental plots dominated by one of four target tree species were established at each site. Stands of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia) were located in Pisgah. Stands of Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and white ash (Fraxinus americana) were located in Harvard Forest. At a later date, plots were also established in a red oak (Quercus rubra) stand on Prospect Hill in the MES tower footprint. At each site we located six replicate, 8 m radius, monodominant plots that were based on the following criteria: (1) more than 80% of the standing basal area was composed of the targ
Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil at Harvard Forest and Pisgah State Forest 2010
The exudation of carbon (C) by tree roots stimulates microbial activity and the production of extracellular enzymes in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated whether the strength of rhizosphere processes differed between temperate forest trees that vary in soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry and associate with either ectomycorrhizal (ECM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We measured rates of microbial and extracellular enzyme activity, and nitrogen (N) availability in samples of rhizosphere and bulk soil influenced by four temperate forest tree species (i.e., to estimate a rhizosphere effect). The magnitude of the rhizosphere effects could not be easily characterized by mycorrhizal associations or SOM chemistry. Ash had the lowest rhizosphere effects and beech had the highest rhizosphere effects, representing one AM and one ECM species, respectively. Hemlock and sugar maple had equivalent rhizosphere effects on enzyme activity. However, the form of N produced in the rhizosphere varied with mycorrhizal association. Enhanced enzyme activity primarily increased amino acid availability in ECM rhizospheres and increased inorganic N availability in AM rhizospheres. These results show that the exudation of C by roots can enhance extracellular enzyme activity and soil-N cycling. This work suggests that global changes that alter belowground C allocation have the potential to impact the form and amount of N to support primary production in ECM and AM stands.
Data set for the journal article: Site-Specific Protein Ubiquitylation Using an Engineered, Chimeric E1 Activating Enzyme and E2 SUMO Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9
<p>Mutations observed in evolved chimeric E1 variants. Top row (1.X to 4.X) describes rounds of evolutions with respective variants in the round. </p> <p>Residues that appear to be enriched are highlighted with gray fill. Star (★) marks residues subjected to saturation mutagenesis in the round 4.</p>
Soil enzyme activities and soil chemistry near and away from alder collected at sites along the Sagavanirktok River, BNZ LTER sites UP3a-c, and sites near BNZ LTER site WDI6, collected June and July 2019
This dataset contains the data and R code associated with Heslop et al. 2021 "Soil Enzymes Illustrate the Effects of Alder Nitrogen Fixation on Soil Carbon Processes in Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems" published in Ecosphere. Activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and phenoloxidase, as well as %N, C, P, and Mo, 15N and 13C natural abundance, resin extractable P, and SOM chemsitry using FTIR spectroscopy were measured for soils taken under alder (Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa) canopies and 5 m away. Samples were collected in the Arctic at sites near Sagwon Bluffs and the Lupine-Sagavanirktok river confluence as well as in the boreal forest at BNZ LTER sites UP3a-c and at sites located near BNZ LTER site WDI6.
SEA01 Soil extracellular enzyme activity data from the Belowground Plot Experiment
Data describe the activity of soil extracellular enzymes collected approximately every month in 2015 from the Belowground Plot Experiment. The measured enzymes depolymerize soil organic matter to release labile carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Soil carbon and nitrogen were measured in July 2015 only, since these soil variables are not expected to change monthly.
Supplementary data for "Machine learning-based prediction of activity and substrate specificity for OleA enzymes in the thiolase superfamily"
<p>Supplementary data for "Machine learning-based prediction of activity and substrate specificity for OleA enzymes in the thiolase superfamily"</p>
Activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of soybean plants treated with five Diaporthe species
<p>Absorbance data from spectrophotometric measurements of catalase, reduced glutathion, lipid peroxidation and superoxide-dismutase of soybean cv. Sava plants infected with five <em>Diaporthe</em> species (i.e. <em>D. aspalathi</em>, <em>D. caulivora</em>, <em>D. eres</em>, <em>D. gulyae</em>, <em>D. longicolla</em>).</p> <p>Supplementary data to the publication Petrovic et al. (2023) The biochemical response of soybean cultivars infected by <em>Diaporthe</em> species complex. Plants 12, 2896. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162896</p>
Soil extracellular enzyme activity increases during the transition from conventional to organic farming
<p>Dataset of manuscript entitled “Soil extracellular enzyme activity increases during the transition from conventional to organic farming”. This manuscript includes the results of WP1 from the SOFT project (ref. 890874).</p>
Extracellular polymeric substances are closely related to land cover, microbial communities, and enzyme activity in tropical soils
<p>These are datasets and R codes linked to the paper: Extracellular polymeric substances are closely related to land cover, microbial communities, and enzyme activity in tropical soils. </p>
Soil extracellular enzyme activities in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in the N fertilized and reference watershed at the Fernow Experimental Forest, WV.
Our objective was to detect possible differences in N fertilization responses of soil extracellular enzymes in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). To do this, we established a plot network of 6 AM and 6 ECM dominated 10 x 10 m plots in both the reference and N fertilized watersheds (N=24 plots) at the Fernow Experimental Forest, Parsons, WV. We assayed the potential activity of hydrolytic enzymes that release N (N-acetylglucosaminidase; NAG), phosphorus (acid phosphatase; AP), and simple carbon (ß-glucosidase; BG). In addition, we measured microbial allocation to complex C degrading oxidative enzymes phenol oxidase and peroxidase. The activities of these enzymes were measured separately in bulk mineral, rhizosphere, and organic horizon soils during the growing season in 2017.
Extracellular enzyme activities in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in the nitrogen fertilized and reference watershed at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA during the final year of N fertilization (2016) and during the year after N fertilization ceased (2017).
Our objective was to detect possible differences in N fertilization responses of extracellular enzymes in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). To do this, we established a plot network of 6 AM and 6 ECM dominated (>65% diameter at breast height) 10 x 10 m plots in the lower elevation hardwood zone of both the reference and N fertilized watersheds (N=24 plots) at Bear Brook Watershed, in Maine USA. We assayed the potential activity of hydrolytic enzymes that release N (N-acetylglucosaminidase; NAG), phosphorus (acid phosphatase; AP), and simple carbon (ß-glucosidase; BG). The activities of these enzymes were measured separately in bulk mineral, rhizosphere, and organic horizon soils in the final year of N fertilization at Bear Brook in 2016 and during the year after N fertilization ceased in 2017.
Extracellular enzyme activities in soils from Arctic LTER moist acidic tundra nutrient addition plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, sampled July 2011.
Soil samples were collected from control, and N+P plots from within a set of treatments in Arctic LTER Moist Acidic Tundra plots established in 1989 and in 2006 . At the time of sampling the soil was separated into organic horizon, organic/mineral interface, and the upper 5cm of the mineral soil. In the lab the potential activities of seven hydrolytic enzymes was determined using fluorometric techniques (Saiya-Cork et al. 2002) modified following Steinweg et al(.2012).
Comparison of polyphenol degrading enzyme activities between forest types and soil horizons from 2003 to 2004
In the southern Appalachians Rhododendron maximum thickets suppress conifer and hardwood regeneration. While there has been research on the effects of R. maximum on physical and chemical environment, the functioning of R. maximum ericoid mycorrhizas has been unexplored. The litter of ericaceous plants tends to be rich in phenolic compounds. These compounds can form recalcitrant complexes with various forms of organic N, and may be responsible for lowering decomposition and N mineralization rates. While polyphenol-organic N complexes are highly recalcitrant, some fungi, particularly ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, have the ability to access this sequestered N. Since the litter of ericaceous plants is rich in phenolic compounds and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are equipped to degrade phenolic compounds, polyphenol-organic N complexing may represent an N cycling strategy that prevents non-ericaceous plants from accessing sources of organic N. We propose to examine the activities of polyphenol degrading enzymes in the soil of R. maximum thickets and neighboring hardwood forests.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: growth and enzyme activity traits of soil fungi isolated from CCASE in July 2017, grown under a common garden experiment in the laboratory that mimicked CCASE soil temperature treatments
Projections for the northeastern U.S. indicate that mean air temperatures will rise and snowfall will become less frequent, causing more frequent soil freezing. To test fungal responses to these combined chronic and extreme soil temperature changes, we conducted a laboratory-based common garden experiment with soil fungi that had been subjected to different combinations of growing season soil warming, winter soil freeze/thaw cycles, and ambient conditions for four years in the field. We found that fungi originating from field plots experiencing a combination of growing season warming and winter freeze/thaw cycles had inherently lower activity of acid phosphatase, but higher cellulase activity, that could not be reversed in the lab. In addition, fungi quickly adjusted their physiology to freeze/thaw cycles in the laboratory, reducing growth rate and potentially reducing their carbon use efficiency. Our findings suggest that less than four years of new soil temperature conditions in the field can lead to physiological shifts by some soil fungi, as well as irreversible loss or acquisition of extracellular enzyme activity traits by other fungi. These findings could explain field observations of shifting soil carbon and nutrient cycling under simulated climate change. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Fig. 2 in Changes in digestive enzymes activities during the initial ontogeny of wolf cichlid, Parachromis dovii (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
Fig. 2. Digestive proteolytic enzyme activity during ontogeny of Parachromis dovii larvae (means ± SD, n= 3 replicates). (a) specific acid proteolytic activity, (b) specific alkaline proteolytic activity, (c) specific trypsin activity, (d) specific chymo- trypsin activity, (e) specific leucine-aminopeptidase activity, (f) specific carboxypeptidase A activity.
Figure 1 in Effects of commercial oils on the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) and their enzyme activities
Figure 1. Mortality percentages of Hyalomma dromedarii semi-engorged females treated with different concentrations of four oils at five successive days after treatment – A. Rosemary; B. Garlic; C. Neem; D. Cyperus. a, b, … etc. indicate significant differences between concentrations (%) of each oil for each day according to Tukey test (P <0.001).
Dataset from the analysis of biological activity of endophytic strain Serratia quinivorans KP32, the expression of biocontrol-related genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bacterial cells treated with pathogenic fungi filtrates
<p>This dataset contains the data from the analyses published in the article entitled "Genetic Determinants of Antagonistic Interactions and the Response of New Endophytic Strain <i>Serratia quinivorans</i> KP32 to Fungal Phytopathogens" in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415561). The data consist of results collected for studies on the antifungal activity of KP32 strain towards four fungal phytopathogens, results of primer efficiency determination and studies on the expression of genes potentially involved in biocontrol after treatment of KP32 strain with the fungal phytopathogens filtrates. Additionally, absorbances from activity tests for catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the strain treated with fungal pathogens are included.</p>
Bacterial Community Weighted rrn Operon Copy Numbers and Enzyme Activity in Costa Rica and Alaska Soils.
<p>Datasets of bacterial community weighted rrn operon copy number and enzyme activity in Alaska and Costa Rica soils. The Alaska soils were collected from across four elevational terraces in a tidal wetland on the western coast. The Costa Rica soils were collected from plots subjected to precipitation manipulation treatments in La Selva Biological Research Station. </p> <p>The variable descriptions for the Alaska dataset are as follows: simple_id: an identifier variable. id: an identifier variable that includes terrace identity. transect_id: a variable that identifies collection transect location. BG_umol_g_h: the activity rate of beta-glucosiadase in micromoles per gram soil per hour. NAG_umol_g_h: the activity rate of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase in micromoles per gram soil per hour. LAP_umol_g_h: activity rate of leucine-aminopeptidase in micromoles per grams soil per hour. AP_umol_g_h: the activity rate of acid phosphatase in micromoles per gram soil per hour. BG_g_C: the activity rate of beta-glucosiadase in micromoles per gram soil carbon per hour. NAG-g_N: activity rate of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase in micromoles per gram soil nitrogen per hour. LAP_g_N: activity rate of leucine-aminopeptidase in micromoles per gram soil nitrogen per hour. AP_mg_P: activity rate of acid-phosphatase in micromoles per gram soil phosphorus per hour. P_mg_kg: soil phosphorus concentration in milligrams phosphorus per kilogram soil. K_mg_kg: soil potassium concentration in milligrams potassium per kilogram soil. C_pct: soil carbon concentration in percent. N_pct: soil nitrogen concentration in percent. pH: soil pH. cn_ratio: the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of soil. cp_ratio: the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio of soil. np_ratio: the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of soil. weighted_copy_number: the bacterial community weighted rrn operon copy number.</p> <p>The variable descriptions for the Costa Rica dataset are as follows: ID: a variable that identifies the soil core collected. Plot: a variable that identifies the experimental plot from which soils were collected. Precip: a variable that describes the precipitation manipulation treatment applied. Core: a variable that identifies whether soil cores were enclosed in mesh or not. Moisture: the soil moisture of the collected core in grams water per grams dry soil. weighted copy_number: the bacterial community weighted rrn operon copy number. AP: activity rate of acid-phosphatase in micromoles per gram soil per hour. BG: the activity rate of beta-glucosiadase in micromoles per gram soil per hour.</p> <p>Also included are files of the code used to analyze the data in the R Statistical Computing Environment.</p>
Fig. 3 in Effects of a pathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain on detoxifying and protective enzyme activities in Xylotrechus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae
Fig. 3. Effects of infection by Beauveria bassiana strain BbCC01 on protective enzyme activity in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae over time. A. Catalase (CAT). B. Peroxidase (POD). C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences between means (P <0.05).
Fig. 4 in Effects of a pathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain on detoxifying and protective enzyme activities in Xylotrechus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae
Fig. 4. Change of the protein content in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae infected with Beauveria bassiana strain BbCC01. Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences between means (P <0.05).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.