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203 results for “evaluative conditioning”
Outdoor mesocosm study evaluating how mass, NaCl tolerance, and pesticide tolerance affect oxidative stress biomarkers (CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, TBARS) in larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) exposed to baseline and NaCl-contaminated conditions, 2019
Biomarkers of oxidative stress can aid in wildlife monitoring by allowing conservationists to detect sublethal environmental shifts. However, interpretation of stress responses can be complicated by multiple interacting factors (e.g., individual development, evolved physiological tolerance to stressors) which alter biomarker expression. Here, we investigated how individual ontogenetic traits and population-level tolerance traits influence oxidative stress responses under baseline and contaminated environmental conditions. For our model contaminant, we used NaCl (common freshwater contaminant due to factors such as coastal flooding, irrigation, airborne salt circulation, drought, runoff from road deicing salts). For our model wildlife populations, we used larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) from six noninteracting populations known to vary in two population-level tolerance traits: NaCl tolerance (calculated as average time to death from lethal NaCl exposure) and pesticide tolerance (determined by proxy of distance to agriculture - a consistent and highly repeatable relationship). At an outdoor research facility, R. sylvatica tadpoles were exposed to either baseline conditions (0 g/L NaCl added) or NaCl-contaminated conditions (1 g/L NaCl added for 21 days, then reduced to 0.5 g/L NaCl). Exposures were conducted in individual units with 40 replicates per population for each treatment. The experiment was terminated per individual to capture the full term of larval development (Developmental stage: Gosner stage 36), lasting between 33-48 days. For each individual, we measured mass, Snout-Vent-Length, and developmental stage before processing for biomarker expression. Individual homogenates were assayed for oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD; responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species capture and peroxide production), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; responsible for high-affinity peroxide reduction), catalase (CAT; responsible for low-affinity peroxide reducti
Evaluation and Calibration of a Low-cost Particle Sensor in Ambient Conditions Using Machine Learning Methods
<p>Particle sensing technology has shown great potential for monitoring particulate matter (PM) with very few temporal and spatial restrictions because of its low-cost, compact size, and easy operation. However, the performance of low-cost sensors for PM monitoring in ambient conditions has not been thoroughly evaluated. Monitoring results by low-cost sensors are often questionable. In this study, a low-cost fine particle monitor (Plantower PMS 5003) was co-located with a reference instrument, named Synchronized Hybrid Ambient Real-time Particulate (SHARP) monitor, in Calgary Varsity air monitoring station from December 2018 to April 2019. The study evaluated the performance of this low-cost PM sensor in ambient conditions and calibrated its readings using simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and two more powerful machine learning algorithms using random search techniques for the best model architectures. The two machine learning algorithms are XGBoost and feedforward neural network (NN). Field evaluation showed that the Pearson r between the low-cost sensor and the SHARP instrument was 0.78. Fligner and Killeen (F-K) test indicated a statistically significant difference between the variances of the PM<sub>2.5 </sub>values by the low-cost sensor and by the SHARP instrument. Large overestimations by the low-cost sensor before calibration were observed in the field and were believed to be caused by the variation of ambient relative humidity. The root mean square error (RMSE) was 9.93 when comparing the low-cost sensor with the SHARP instrument. The calibration by the feedforward NN had the smallest RMSE of 3.91 in the test dataset, compared to the calibrations by SLR (4.91), MLR (4.65), and XGBoost (4.19). After calibrations, the F-K test using the test dataset showed that the variances of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> values by the NN and the XGBoost and by the reference method were not statistically significantly different. From this study, we conclude that feedforward NN is a promising method to address the poor performance of the low-cost sensors for PM<sub>2.5</sub> monitoring. In addition, the random search method for hyperparameters was demonstrated to be an efficient approach for selecting the best model structure.</p>
Dataset for the project "Evaluation of the effects of trace elements from street dust under urban – industrial conditions on the ecophysiology of Acer platanoides L. and Tilia cordata Mill.
<p>Description of the project: The rapid growth of cities, industry and transport has significantly deteriorated environmental quality, especially in areas with the highest population densities. It applies to water, soil, and air, especially in urban areas. Air pollutants include particulate matter (PM), which harms human health. According to WHO reports (2021), PM pollution is the cause of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, leading to 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide in 2016. Although improving every year, the situation in Poland is still worse than in many European countries. The particulate matter also includes heavy metals, which have a toxic effect on plants. Plants in urban areas are particularly vulnerable, especially trees, which perform several vital functions, including mitigating climate change, filtering pollutants, and improving air quality. The aim of the project was to determine and compare the morphological and physiological responses of selected tree species to particulate pollution stress under urban conditions. Tree leaves are an essential barrier to atmospheric dust by trapping it on their surface. However, this may come at the cost of reduced light absorption, increased leaf temperature, damage to leaf blades and consequently impaired photosynthesis and plant productivity. However, the ability to absorb dust varies between tree species. It depends on the leaf surface structure, and the response may be due to the species' sensitivity to pollutants. Investigations were conducted in the Upper Silesian Industrial Area around various emission sources, such as heavy metal smelters, combined heat and power plants, and busy streets. The research focused on two tree species common in urban areas, the Norway maple (<i>Acer platanoides</i>) and the small-leaved lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i>). It included measurement of heavy metal concentrations in leaf blades and dust collected on their surface, analysis of concentrations of selected pigments and ascorbic acid as markers of environmental stress. The study provided a preliminary assessment of the impact of particulate pollution on tree function under harsh urban conditions and determined the potential of the studied species to reduce atmospheric dust.</p>
Do Repeat Yourself: Understanding Sufficient Conditions for Restricted Chase Non-Termination - Evaluation Material
<p>In this archive, we provide the (already normalized and translated) rule sets that we used for the evaluation<br> of RMFA2, DRPC, and RPC in our paper "Do Repeat Yourself: Understanding Sufficient Conditions for Restricted Chase Non-Termination" at KR 2023. We also provide the raw result files and some basic scripts that we used<br> to produce and count the results.<br> <br> Please refer to the provided README.md for more information.</p>
Global Agricultural Land Resources – A High Resolution Suitability Evaluation and Its Perspectives until 2100 under Climate Change Conditions (v3.0)
<p><strong>Agricultural land resources – a global suitability evaluation (v3.0)</strong></p> <p>Local climate, soil and topography determine the conditions under which agricultural crops are suitable for growth or not. The methodology uses a fuzzy logic approach that is described in Zabel et al. (2014). The approach is based on Liebig's law of the minimum. Accordingly, plant suitability is determined not by total available resources, but by the scarcest resource. The limiting factor depends on the local environmental conditions and the crop-specific requirements, that are taken from literature. </p> <p><strong>Determining Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>Agricultural suitability is calculated for each of 5 climate models (GFDL, HadGEM2, IPSL, MIROC and NorESM1) from the AR5 ISIMIP fast track protocol. Daily climate model data for temperature, precipitation and solar radiation are statistically downscaled to 30 arc seconds spatial resolution. A monthly bias-correction is applied using WorldClim data. The provided suitability data refers to the model median over the 5 climate simulations. Soil data is taken from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v1.21. Considered soil properties are texture, proportion of coarse fragments and gypsum, base saturation, pH content, organic carbon content, salinity, sodicity. Soil depth is taken into account according to Pelletier et al. (2015). Topography data is applied from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Irrigation has strong impact on the suitability of crops and is considered in this approach.</p> <p><strong>Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>The agricultural suitability data is provided at a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds (approximately 1 km<sup>2</sup> at the equator). The dataset contains four time periods (1980-2009, 2010-2039, 2040-2069, 2070-2099) and two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP 8.5). Agricultural suitability is provided for rainfed conditions and for irrigated conditions seperately. Additionally, we provide a dataset in which the current irrigation areas according to Maier et al. (2018) are applied. The suitability is provided for 23 food, feed, fibre, and 1st and 2nd generation bio-energy crops. An 'overall suitability' is provided for all crops that considers the most suitable crop on each pixel. Additionally, we provide a dataset excluding 2nd generation bioenergy crops (18-23) from the overall aggregation of crops.</p> <table> <caption><strong>Food, feed, fiber and first-generation bioenergy crops</strong></caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>Barley</td> <td>Potato</td> <td>Sugarbeet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cassava</td> <td>Rapeseed</td> <td>Sugarcane</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Groundnut</td> <td>Rice</td> <td>Sunflower</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Maize</td> <td>Rye</td> <td>Summer wheat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Millet</td> <td>Sorghum</td> <td>Winter wheat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oilpalm</td> <td>Soybean</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption> <p><strong>Second-generation bioenergy crops</strong></p> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jatropha</td> <td>Reed canary grass</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Miscanthus</td> <td>Eucalyptus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Switchgrass</td> <td>Willow</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Growing Season Adaptation</strong></p> <p>The agricultural suitability considers the adaptation of the growing season. For each pixel and crop, the growing season is optimized throughout the year, taking the annual course of precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation as well as their interplay, into account.</p> <p><strong>Most Suitable Crop</strong></p> <p>The most suitable crop for each pixel is provided in the data. Please note that a value of 126 means that no crop suitable and 127 means that multiple crops have the same suitability.</p> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>Detailled information are available in the following publications:</p> <p>Zabel F, Putzenlechner B, Mauser W (2014) Global Agricultural Land Resources – A High Resolution Suitability Evaluation and Its Perspectives until 2100 under Climate Change Conditions. PLOS ONE 9(9): e107522. doi: <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107522">10.1371/journal.pone.0107522</a></p> <p>Cronin, J., Zabel, F., Dessens, O., Anandarajah, G. (2020): Land suitability for energy crops under scenarios of climate change and land-use. GCB Bioenergy, 12(8). doi: <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcbb.12697">10.1111/gcbb.12697</a></p> <p>Schneider. J.M., Zabel, F., Mauser, W. (2022): Global inventory of suitable, cultivable and available cropland under different scenarios and policies. Scientific Data 9, 527. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01632-8">10.1038/s41597-022-01632-8</a></p> <p>Meier, J., Zabel, F., Mauser, W. (2018): A global approach to estimate irrigated areas – a comparison between different data and statistics. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1119–1133, 2018. doi: <a href="https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/22/1119/2018/">10.5194/hess-22-1119-201</a></p> <p>Pelletier, J. D., Broxton, P. D., Hazenberg, P., Zeng, X., Troch, P. A., Niu, G.-Y., Williams, Z., Brunke, M. A., and Gochis, D. (2016), A gridded global data set of soil, immobile regolith, and sedimentary deposit thicknesses for regional and global land surface modeling, <em>J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.</em>, 8, 41– 65, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000526">10.1002/2015MS000526</a>.</p> <p><strong>Improvements in v3.0</strong></p> <p>Compared to the previous version (<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3748350">v2.0</a>), this version (v3.0) <em>uses updated input data for soil (HWSD v1.21) and high resolution irrigated areas (Maier et al. 2018), and additionally considers soil depth (Pelletier et al. 2016). Moreover, the suitability is calculated for an ensemble of 5 climate models, and is available for more crops, including a number of second generation bioenergy crops.</em></p> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p>Please contact: Dr. Florian Zabel, <a href="mailto:f.zabel@lmu.de">f.zabel@lmu.de</a>, Department of Geography, LMU München (<a href="http://www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de">www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de</a>)</p>
A Sampling Approach to Evaluative Conditioning
<p>In an evaluative conditioning procedure (EC), a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with positive or negative unconditioned stimuli (US) and consequently acquires US valence. We introduce a sampling perspective into the EC paradigm by repeatedly giving participants agency over which CSs they want to sample (i.e., for what CSs they want to see conditioning trials). Half of the CSs was paired positively, while the other half was paired negatively. We also introduced a yoked condition, in which participants saw the same information produced by the sampling condition, but did not get to make any decisions. In three experiments, we found that over time a preference for sampling positively paired CSs over negatively paired CSs develops. We replicated standard EC effects and found that a higher number of pairings leads to more positive evaluative shifts, but more so in the sampling than in the yoked condition. This finding shows that evaluative conditioning depends on the learner’s willingness to attend to certain CSs. The results of this set of studies also suggest that agency increases the readiness to process the presented CS-US pairs. This reasoning is supported by memory data that indicate better memory for the number of pairings and paired valence in the sampling condition compared to the yoked condition. Implications for the external validity of the EC paradigm are also discussed.</p>
Figures 3-4 in Blood metabolites as predictors to evaluate the body condition of Neopelma pallescens (Passeriformes: Pipridae) in northeastern Brazil
Figures 3-4. Spearman's correlation between Body Condition Index (BCI) and glucose concentration for breeding (3) (N = 28) and non-breeding (4) (N = 46) individuals of N. pallescens in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, PB. The breeding period of N. pallescens started at the end of July (P1) and climaxed in January (P3). It occurred throughout Figure 2. Monthly samples sizes of captured individuals of N. palles- the rainy and dry seasons. Glucose concentrations showed cens in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, PB. Recaptured individuals significant variation during the developmental phases of brood are not included. patches with a higher concentration in P3 (Fig. 5) (ANOVA, F = 5.39, p = 0.01). Tukey's test showed significant values only The glucose concentration was negatively correlated with between P1 and P3 (Tukey's Test, P2-P1: p = 0.76, P3-P1 = 0.01, body condition (Table 1). Further analyses showed that the glu- P3-P2: p = 0.05).
Figure 1 in Condition factor and length-weight relationships evaluation of 15 Oxynoemacheilus species (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Iran
Figure 1. Box plot of (a) allometric coefficient b values, (b) Fulton's condition factor (K F) for 15 Oxynoemacheilus species from Iran.
Fig. 1. Egg masses deposited per m2 in Evaluating materials to serve as removable oviposition substrates for Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) under field conditions
Fig. 1. Egg masses deposited per m2 of removable substrates deployed in direct contact with Ailanthus altissima in 2019. Kruskal-Wallis analysis with Steel-Dwass post hoc applied: bars (means ± SE) sharing a letter were not significantly different from each other. Total egg masses collected from each substrate type is speci- fied above each bar.
FIGURE 1 in Fish injuries resulting from transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydropower plant: morphological, physiological and biochemical evaluation in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
FIGURE 1 | Histological gill alterations in Pimelodus maculatus collected during transient operating conditions (magnification: × 400). Arrows indicate the following lesions: A. Aneurysm; B. Epithelium detachment; C. Telangiectasia; and D. Interlamellar hyperplasia.
FIGURE 2 in Fish injuries resulting from transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydropower plant: morphological, physiological and biochemical evaluation in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
FIGURE 2 | Histological alterations in liver and spleen of Pimelodus maculatus collected during transient operating conditions in the tailrace of Machadinho HPP (magnification: × 400). Arrows and asterisks indicate the following lesions: A. Melanomacrophage centers (asterisk) and congested vein (arrow) in the liver; B. Blood cells indicating hepatic hemorrhage (asterisk); C. Melanomacrophage centers in the spleen (asterisk); D. Mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the spleen (arrow).
Figure 5 in Evaluation of chitosan and silver nanoparticles Against isolated pathogens from Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 5. TEM micrograph of chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation method. Table 3. Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (µl) with different concentrations against fungal and bacterial isolates.
Figure 1 in Evaluation of chitosan and silver nanoparticles Against isolated pathogens from Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 1. Mean weight of healthy and infected fourth and fifth instar larvae of B. mori. Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates: Total of 7 bacterial were successfully isolated from the outer surface and the inner bоdy of silkworm larvae.
Model run with METROMS to evaluate open boundary conditions in CICE [idealized wind]
<p>Support for time-varying open boundary conditions (OBC) have been developed for sea ice in the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) by Pedro Duarte (NPI, Norway). This dataset is a result of using the coupled ocean (ROMS) and sea ice (CICE) modelling framework METROMS (<a href="https://github.com/metno/metroms">https://github.com/metno/metroms</a>) in order to test the effects of the above mentioned boundary conditions. The specific application of METROMS that was used was MET Norway's main forecasting system for the Barents Sea; the Barents-2.5km model; details about the model can be found at <a href="https://ocean.met.no/models">https://ocean.met.no/models</a>.</p> <p>The model was initialized from the TOPAZ4 model (Sakov et al., 2012)<strong> </strong>and was run for the period 2019.09.01 - 2019.09.20, one time without OBC and one time with OBC enabled using input data from TOPAZ4<strong> </strong>at the boundaries. In both runs the model was set up realistically, but with the exception of idealized wind forcing. More specifically, the wind was blowing 10 m/s in the positive xi-direction until 2019-09.07 and then 10/m/s in the negative xi-direction for the rest of the simulation. The reasoning for this was to clearly demonstrate the effects of the OBC. Initially, the wind is blowing the ice away from the boundary and without using OBC for ice, it leaves open water in its path due to no information coming in through the boundary. With OBC enabled however, the simulation appear a lot more sensible with sea ice from TOPAZ4 coming in through the boundaries. When the wind switches to the opposite direction after 2019.09.07, on the case without OBC results in ice piling up at the boundary after some time. However, with OBC enabled, the ice exists the model domain.</p> <p> </p>
Model run with METROMS to evaluate open boundary conditions in CICE
<p>Support for time-varying open boundary conditions (OBC) have been developed for sea ice in the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) by Pedro Duarte (NPI, Norway). This dataset is a result of using the coupled ocean (ROMS) and sea ice (CICE) modelling framework METROMS (<a href="https://github.com/metno/metroms">https://github.com/metno/metroms</a>) in order to test the effects of the above mentioned boundary conditions. The specific application of METROMS that was used was MET Norway's main forecasting system for the Barents Sea; the Barents-2.5km model; details about the model can be found at <a href="https://ocean.met.no/models">https://ocean.met.no/models</a>.</p> <p>The model was initialized from the TOPAZ4 model (Sakov et al., 2012)<strong> </strong>and was run for the period 2019.09.01 - 2019.10.03, one time without OBC and one time with OBC enabled using input data from TOPAZ4<strong> </strong>at the boundaries. This dataset can further be used to compare with satelite observations of sea ice concentration in order to help evaluate the impacts of the OBC's in CICE.</p>
Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in Cameroon.</p> <p><strong>Methodology/Principal Findings</strong>: We enrolled 447 patients presenting with snakebite in 14 health facilities across Cameroon. At presentation, cytotoxicity, coagulation troubles and neurotoxicity were graded. We administered two to four vials of antivenom to patients based on hemotoxic or neurotoxic signs. We renewed antivenom administration to patients with persistence of bleedings or neurotoxicity 2 hours after each injection. We defined early improvement as a reduction of the grade of envenomation symptoms 2 hours after first injection. Medium-term effectiveness was investigated looking at disappearance of symptoms during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, a home visit was planned to assess long-term outcomes.</p> <p>Between October 2019 and May 2021, we enrolled 447 (93.7%), including 72% from the savannah regions. The median [IQR] age was 25 [14-40]. Envenomation was diagnosed in 369 (82.6%) participants. The antivenom was administered to 356 patients (96.5%) of whom 256 (71.9%) received one administration. Among these patients, cytotoxic symptoms were observed in 336 (94.4%) participants, coagulation disorders in 234 (65.7%) participants and neurotoxicity in 23 (6.5%) participants. Two hours after the first administration of antivenom, we observed a decrease in coagulation disorders or neurotoxicity in 75.2% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Complete cessation of bleedings and neurotoxicity occurred in 96% and 93% of patients within 24 hours, respectively. Sequelae have been observed in 9 (3%) patients at the home visit 15 days after hospital admission and 11 (3%) died including one before antivenom injection.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions/Significance</strong>: We confirmed good effectiveness of the IPA and highlighted the rapid improvement in bleeding or neurotoxicity after the first administration. Sequential administrations of low doses of antivenom, rigorously assessed at short intervals for an eventual renewal, can preserve patient safety and save antivenom.</p>
Statistical and machine learning methods for evaluating trends in air quality under changing meteorological conditions
<p>This repo includes the GEOS-Chem simulations and R scripts that are needed to replicate and evaluate the conclusions from Qiu, Zigler, and Selin, ACP, 2022 "Statistical and machine learning methods for evaluating trends in air quality under changing meteorological conditions".</p> <p><strong>The GEOS-Chem simulations</strong></p> <ul> <li>For the US (2011-2017): <ul> <li><em>observational_o3_pm_2011_2017_us.rds:</em> the simulated daily PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, and MERRA-2 meteorological features in the observational scenarios (<strong>changing</strong> meteorology, <strong>changing </strong>emissions).</li> <li><em>counterfactual_o3_pm_2011_2017_us.rds</em><em>:</em> the simulated daily PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, and MERRA-2 meteorological features in the counterfactual scenarios (<strong>constant</strong> meteorology, <strong>changing</strong> emissions).</li> <li><em>constant_emis_o3_pm_2012_2017_us.rds: </em>the simulated daily PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the constant-emission scenarios (<strong>constant</strong> meteorology, <strong>constant</strong> emissions).</li> <li><em>regional_features_2011_2017_4x5_us.rds: </em>the MERRA-2 meteorological features in the observational scenarios (aggregated to 4x5 degrees), inputs for the "RF-regional" model.</li> </ul> </li> <li>For China (2013-2017): <ul> <li><em>observational_o3_pm_2013_2017_china.rds:</em> the simulated daily PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, and MERRA-2 meteorological features in the observational scenarios (<strong>changing</strong> meteorology, <strong>changing </strong>emissions).</li> <li><em>counterfactual_o3_pm_2013_2017_china.rds:</em> the simulated daily PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, and MERRA-2 meteorological features in the counterfactual scenarios (<strong>constant</strong> meteorology, <strong>changing</strong> emissions).</li> <li><em>constant_emis_o3_pm_2014_2017_china.rds</em><em>: </em>the simulated daily PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the constant-emission scenarios (<strong>constant</strong> meteorology, <strong>constant</strong> emissions).</li> <li><em>regional_features_2013_2017_4x5_china.rds: </em>the MERRA-2 meteorological features in the observational scenarios (aggregated to 4x5 degrees), inputs for the "RF-regional" model.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>R scripts:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/065be469-ef8d-4c9b-9bd8-a6a808275237/main.r">main.r</a>: the main script to perform statistical correction of meteorological variability.</li> <li>main.r uses functions from the other R script files (see below) which perform different statistical correction methods, respectively. </li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/065be469-ef8d-4c9b-9bd8-a6a808275237/parametric_regression_methods.r">parametric_regression_methods.r</a>: performs meteorological correction with parametric regression methods (MLR, polynomial, spline, GAM)</li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/065be469-ef8d-4c9b-9bd8-a6a808275237/tune_RF_regional.r">tune_RF_regional.r</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/065be469-ef8d-4c9b-9bd8-a6a808275237/RF_regional.r">RF_regional.r</a>: perform the meteorological correction with the "RF-regional" model</li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/065be469-ef8d-4c9b-9bd8-a6a808275237/GEOS_Chem_constant_emis.r">GEOS_Chem_constant_emis.r</a>: performs the meteorological correction using the simulations from the constant emission scenarios from the GEOS-Chem model</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Dataset to reproduce the paper "A new framework to evaluate urban design using urban microclimatic modelling in future climatic conditions"
<p>This dataset has been generated with the paper " A new framework to evaluate urban design using urban microclimatic<br> modelling in future climatic conditions" (https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041134). A Python notebook is also included to conduct the analysis.</p> <ol> <li>Data analysis - Sustainability paper.ipynb : Python notebook</li> <li>Geneva_Eur11_TDY_2010_2039 : Climate file for the year 2039 obtained from RCA4</li> <li>Geneva_Eur11_TDY_2010_2039_cim : Climate file for the year 2039 obtained from RCA4-CIM</li> <li>Geneva_Eur11_TDY_2010_2039 : Climate file for the year 2069 obtained from RCA4</li> <li>Geneva_Eur11_TDY_2010_2069_cim : Climate file for the year 2069 obtained from RCA4-CIM</li> <li>Geneva_Eur11_TDY_2010_2099 : Climate file for the year 2099 obtained from RCA4</li> <li>Geneva_Eur11_TDY_2010_2099_cim : Climate file for the year 2099 obtained from RCA4-CIM</li> <li>heating_2039 : Heating demand from CitySim for the year 2039</li> <li>heating_2039_cim : Heating demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2039</li> <li>heating_2069 : Heating demand from CitySim for the year 2069</li> <li>heating_2069_cim : Heating demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2069</li> <li>heating_2099 : Heating demand from CitySim for the year 2099</li> <li>heating_2099_cim : Heating demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2099</li> <li>heating_2099_minP : Heating demand from CitySim for the year 2099 with Minergie-P scenario</li> <li>heating_2099__minP_cim : Heating demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2099 with Minergie-P scenario</li> <li>cooling_2039 : Cooling demand from CitySim for the year 2039</li> <li>cooling_2039_cim : Cooling demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2039</li> <li>cooling_2069 : Cooling demand from CitySim for the year 2069</li> <li>cooling_2069_cim : Cooling demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2069</li> <li>cooling_2099 : Cooling demand from CitySim for the year 2099</li> <li>cooling_2099_cim : Cooling demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2099</li> <li>cooling_2099_minP : Cooling demand from CitySim for the year 2099 with Minergie-P scenario</li> <li>cooling_2099__minP_cim : Cooling demand from CitySim-CIM for the year 2099 with Minergie-P scenario</li> <li>temp_cim : simulated temperature from CIM using Meteonorm</li> <li>temp_meteonorm : temperature from Meteonorm</li> <li>u_cim : simulated wind speedfrom CIM using Meteonorm</li> <li>u_meteonorm : wind speed from Meteonorm</li> </ol> <p> </p>
Does evaluative learning depend on the statistical relationship between stimuli? On the sensitivity of evaluative cue conditioning to ecological contingencies
<p>Evaluative conditioning (EC) is concerned with the transfer of valence from an unconditioned stimulus (US) to a conditioned stimulus (CS). Only recently the notion of EC was extended from individual CSs to categories of CSs that share certain cues. That research shows that a contingency implemented between a cue dimension and US valence has a direct effect on the evaluation of stimuli carrying values of this cue dimension. This phenomenon was coined “evaluative cue conditioning” (ECC). The present research tests whether ECC is sensitive to the contingency between a cue dimension and US valence. The present work thereby investigates the impact of ecological contingencies that define contingency by reference to all other CS-US pairings in the learning environment. Two experiments demonstrate that ECC effects are sensitive to the strength of the ecological contingency, suggesting that ECC is a relative phenomenon that depends on the valence of the CS-US pairings in the reference set. Moreover, these findings call for more research on the contingency sensitivity of standard EC effects using this revised definition of contingency.</p>
Are there two independent evaluative conditioning effects in relational paradigms? Dissociating the effects of CS-US pairings and their meaning
<p>Recent research into evaluative conditioning (EC) shows that information about the relationship between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli can exert strong effects on the size and direction of the EC effect. Additionally, the co-occurrence of these stimuli seems to exert an orthogonal effect on evaluations. This finding has been interpreted as support for two independent types of EC effects. However, previous research devoted to this question relied on aggregated evaluative measures, allowing for alternative interpretations. In four experiments, we developed and validated a multinomial processing tree model that distinguishes effects of the pairings from effects of the meaning of the pairings. Our findings suggest that two independent EC effects contribute to overall evaluative change in a relational EC paradigm. The model that we developed offers a helpful method for future research in that it allows for an assessment of the effects of manipulations on processes rather than overall performance on an evaluative measure.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.