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338 results for “evenness”
Evenness response to aridity gradients: Data required for Smith et al. 2022 Oecologia
These are the required data to do all analyses in Smith et al. 2022 in Oecologia using the assembled database across gradients. Included are the richness, evenness, and site level abiotic data. Paper abstract: We sought to understand the role that water availability (expressed as an aridity index) plays in determining regional and global patterns of richness and evenness, and in turn how these water availability-diversity relationships may result in different richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. We examined relationships between water availability, richness and evenness for eight grassy biomes spanning broad water availability gradients on five continents. Our study found that relationships between richness and water availability switched from positive for drier (South Africa, Tibet and USA) vs. negative for wetter (India) biomes, though were not significant for the remaining biomes. In contrast, only the India biome showed a significant relationship between water availability and evenness, which was negative. Globally, the richness-water availability relationship was hump-shaped, however, not significant for evenness. At the regional scale, a positive richness-evenness relationship was found for grassy biomes in India and Inner Mongolia, China. In contrast, this relationship was weakly concave-up globally. These results suggest that different, independent factors are determining patterns of species richness and evenness in grassy biomes, resulting in differing richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. As a consequence, richness and evenness may respond very differently across spatial gradients to anthropogenic changes, such as climate change.
Long-term species richness and evenness trends in response to N addition and elevated CO2 in BioCON
The data and code in this package are associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Elevated CO2 first dampens but then amplifies diversity loss due to N enrichment over 24 years". The files include 24 years of data on species cover, total aboveground biomass, species richness, evenness and environmental variables from the BioCON experiment. The complete BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and N) experiment includes 371 2 x 2 m plots in six circular 20-meter diameter rings, located at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota, USA. Plots were established on secondary successional grassland on a sandy outwash soil after removing the prior vegetation. The BioCON project includes several overlapping and nested experiments.
Even short‐distance dispersal over a barrier can affect genetic differentiation in Gyraulus, an island freshwater snail
<p>Supplementary dataset for a published paper, "Saito T., Sasaki T., Tsunamoto Y., Uchida S., Satake K., Suyama Y., <em>et al.</em> (2022). Even short‐distance dispersal over a barrier can affect genetic differentiation in <em>Gyraulus</em> , an island freshwater snail. <em>Freshwater Biology</em> <strong>67</strong>, 1971–1983. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13990">https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13990</a>"</p>
Comparing the integration of bone cells on an even and a nano structured surface
<p>Bone cells develop better on a nano structured surface.</p> <p>Successful cellular integration is extremely important to the long-term viability of dental implants. The sooner cells can attach and surround the implant, the faster the patient recovers, and the lower the incidence of infection and site contamination. The specific biological response of the surrounding tissues depends enormously on the surface characteristics of the particular biomaterial. Moreover mouth infections are currently regarded as the main reason why dental implants fail. Therefore, antibacterial properties are another requirement for preventing potential bacterial infection.</p> <p>The multi-beam optical module developed within LASER4SURF, will be able to obtain functionalized metallic surfaces with textures around 1μm or less, enabling the required tolerances to reach the best cell adhesion and antibacterial properties. Thus, it will lead to extended implant life, reduced rejection and improved overall quality of life for patients.</p>
Variation of and associations with the depth and evenness of sequencing coverage in a sample of archived plastid genomes
<p>Depth and evenness of sequencing coverage are considered potential indicators of genome assembly quality. In plastid genomics, where new data generation has outpaced the development of suitable assembly quality indicators, these coverage metrics could offer insights into the quality of plastomes of different sizes, structures, or taxonomic origins. However, the typical variation of sequencing depth and evenness among archived plastid genomes, their variability between plastome partitions, and any association with methodological factors have yet to be evaluated. This study explores the variation of sequencing depth and evenness across a sample of publicly accessible plastid genomes and their potential associations with plastome structure, assembly accuracy, and the methodological provenance of the genome data using statistical tests. Our results indicate significant differences in sequencing depth across the four structural partitions as well as between the coding and non-coding sections of the genomes, a significant correlation between sequencing evenness and the number of ambiguous nucleotides, and a significant difference in sequencing evenness between several DNA sequencing platforms. These findings highlight that many publicly accessible plastid genomes are based on sequence data with highly variable sequencing depth and evenness and that this variation is influenced, at least partially, by genome structure and methodological factors.</p>
Data and code for "Climate change shapes richness-evenness relationships in a subalpine grassland experiment"
<p>Aggregated Biodiversity metrics derived from the biodiversity data collected from the ClimGrass experiment at the Agricultural Research and Education Centre (AREC) in Raumberg-Gumpenstein. Data and code needed to reproduce the analyses in "Climate change shapes richness-evenness relationships in a subalpine grassland experiment" are included.</p>
Are you scared yet? Variations to cue components elicits differential prey behavioral responses even when gape limited predators are relatively small.
Anti-predator behavior is often evoked based on measurements of risk calculated from sensory cues emanating from predators independent of physical attack. Yet, the exact sensory indices of cues used in risk assessment remain largely unknown. To examine how different predatory cue indices of information are used in risk assessment, we presented prey with various cues from sublethal gape-limited predators. Rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)) were exposed to predatory odors from sublethal-sized largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)) to test effects of changing predator abundance, relative size relationships, and total predator length in flow through mesocosms. Foraging, shelter use, and movement behavior were used to measure cue effects. Foraging time depended jointly upon predator abundance and total predator size (p = 0.030). Specifically, high predator abundance resulted in decreased foraging efforts as gape ratio increased. Similarly, sheltering time depended on the interaction between predator abundance and gape ratio when predator abundance was highest (p = 0.020). Crayfish significantly increased exploration time when gape ratio increased (p = 0.010). Thus, this study shows crayfish can use different indices of predatory cues, namely total predator abundance and relative size ratios, in risk assessment but do so in context-specific ways.
SNE01 Species richness, community evenness (Evar) and ANPP effects of nitrogen addition across a gradient of 8 levels in a semi-arid shortgrass steppe and a mesic tallgrass prairie, 2014-2018
This dataset contains the first five years (2014-2018) of the effect of nitrogen addition on species richness, species evenness (Evar) and productivity for a long-term nitrogen addition gradient experiment in two North American grasslands: a semi-arid shortgrass steppe and a mesic tallgrass prairie. Fertilization with time-release urea has been on-going since 2014 in a gradient of eight levels: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 g/m-2. The effect of nitrogen on richness, evenness and Aboveground Net Primary Productivity (ANPP g/m-2 yr) is calculated as the absolute change in value from control plots to treatment plots within each block.
A geometry preserving, conservative, mesh-to-mesh isogeometric interpolation algorithm for spatial adaptivity of the multigroup, second-order even-parity form of the neutron transport equation
<p>In this paper a method is presented for the application of energy-dependent spatial meshes applied to the multigroup, second-order, even-parity form of the neutron transport equation using Isogeometric Analysis (IGA). The computation of the inter-group regenerative source terms is based on conservative interpolation by Galerkin projection. The use of Non-Uniform Rational B-splines (NURBS) from the original computer-aided design (CAD) model allows for efficient implementation and calculation of the spatial projection operations while avoiding the complications of matching different geometric approximations faced by traditional finite element methods (FEM). The rate-of-convergence was verified using the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) and found to preserve the theoretical rates when interpolating between spatial meshes of different refinements. The scheme’s numerical efficiency was then studied using a series of two-energy group pincell test cases where a significant saving in the number of degrees-of-freedom can be found if the energy group with a complex variation in the solution is refined more than an energy group with a simpler solution function. Finally, the method was applied to a heterogeneous, seven-group reactor pincell where the spatial meshes for each energy group were adaptively selected for refinement. It was observed that by refining selected energy groups a reduction in the total number of degrees-of-freedom for the same total L2 error can be obtained.</p>
Fig. 1 in Helminths Of Exotic Even-Toed Ungulates (Artiodactyla) In The Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine
Fig. 1. Number of helminth species found in various species of ungulates in the Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine.
Fig. 4 in Helminths Of Exotic Even-Toed Ungulates (Artiodactyla) In The Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine
Fig. 4. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis of the species diversity in 23 species of ungulates from the Askania Nova Reserve, Ukraine.
Data from: Rapid-cycling Brassica rapa evolves even earlier flowering under experimental drought
<p><strong>Premise</strong></p> <p>Changes in climate can impose selection on populations and may lead to rapid evolution. One such climatic stress is drought, which plant populations may respond to with escape (rapid growth and early flowering) or avoidance (slow growth and efficient water use). However, it is unclear if drought escape would be a viable strategy for populations that already flower early from prior selection.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>In an experimental evolution study, we subjected rapid-cycling <em>Brassica rapa</em> (RCBr), which was previously selected for early flowering, to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions. We then grew ancestral and descendant populations concurrently under drought and watered conditions to assess evolution, plasticity, and adaptation.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>RCBr evolved under drought had earlier flowering and lower water-use efficiency than RCBr evolved under watered conditions, indicating evolutionary divergence. The drought descendants also had a trend of earlier flowering compared to ancestors, indicating evolution. Evolution of earlier flowering under drought followed the direction of selection and increased fitness, and was consistent with studies in natural and experimental populations of this species, suggesting adaptive evolution.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>We found evidence for rapid adaptive evolution of drought escape in RCBr and little evidence for constraints on flowering, even though RCBr already flowers extremely early. Our results suggest that some populations may harbor sufficient genetic variation for evolution even after strong selection has occurred. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining artificial selection, experimental evolution, and the resurrection approach to study the evolution of functional traits.</p>
Enumeration of Williamson Sequences of Even Order
<p>These files contain an enumeration of all inequivalent Williamson sequences of even orders n < 65 as defined in the paper "A SAT+CAS Method for Enumerating Williamson Matrices of Even Order" by Bright, Kotsireas, and Ganesh. This paper has been accepted to appear at AAAI-18, the thirty-second AAAI conference on artificial intelligence.</p> <p>Every line in each file contains exactly one Williamson sequence, with spaces separating the members A, B, C, and D of the Williamson sequences. The sequence entries are encoded using the characters + for 1 and - for −1.</p>
Data from: Species richness and evenness of European bird communities show differentiated responses to measures of productivity
<p>Understanding patterns of species diversity is crucial for ecological research and conservation, and this understanding may be improved by studying patterns in the two components of species diversity, species richness and evenness of abundance of species. Variation in species richness and evenness has previously been linked to variation in total abundance of communities as well as productivity gradients. Exploring both components of species diversity is essential because these components could be unrelated or driven by different mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between species richness and evenness in European bird communities along an extensive latitudinal gradient. We examined their relationships with latitude and Net Primary Productivity, which determines energy and matter availability for heterotrophs, as well as their responses to territory densities (i.e., the number of territories per area) and community biomass (i.e., the bird biomass per area). We applied a multivariate Poisson log-normal distribution to unique long-term, high-quality time-series data, allowing us to estimate species richness of the community as well as the variance of this distribution, which acts as an inverse measure of evenness. Evenness in the distribution of abundance of species in the community was independent of species richness. Species richness increased with increasing community biomass, as well as with increasing density. Since both measures of abundance were explained by NPP, species richness was partially explained by energy-diversity theory (i.e., the more energy, the more species sustained by the ecosystem). However, species richness did not increase linearly with NPP but rather showed a unimodal relationship. Evenness was not explained either by productivity nor by any of the aspects of community abundance. This study highlights the importance of considering both richness and evenness to gain a better understanding of variation in species diversity. We encourage the study of both components of species diversity in future studies, as well as use of simulation studies to verify observed patterns between richness and evenness.</p>
Dataset: Even Herd Long Short ETF (EHLS) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Humans trust central vision more than peripheral vision even in the dark
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Gloriani, A. H., & Schütz, A. C. (2019). Humans trust central vision more than peripheral vision even in the dark. Current Biology, 29, 1206–1210.</p>
Network analysis highlights increased generalisation and evenness of plant-pollinator interactions after conservation measures
<p><strong>DATASET used in the article entitled</strong> “Network analysis highlights increased generalisation and evenness of plant-pollinator interactions after conservation measures”.</p> <p>We supply weighted and binary matrices used for plant-pollinator network analyses, before and after the implementation of conservation measures.</p> <p>We also supply the list of plant and pollinator species recorded in this study.</p>
Dataset for the article Maintaining favourable carbon balance in boreal clay soil is challenging even under no-till and crop diversification
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Even more new species, additional records, and a revised key for Philothalpus Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Even more new species, additional records, and a revised key for Philothalpus Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/dca6be44-17a5-4a0b-8e9e-4250c489b0b1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/dca6be44-17a5-4a0b-8e9e-4250c489b0b1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/dca6be44-17a5-4a0b-8e9e-4250c489b0b1">https://gbif.org/dataset/dca6be44-17a5-4a0b-8e9e-4250c489b0b1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Light limitation increases multidimensional trait evenness in phytoplankton populations
<p>This archive includes the final table used for the analyses and a readme file with some explanations.</p> <p>Our dataset consists of phytoplankton cell density and trait diversity estimates measured using scanning flow cytometry under different light intensity regimes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.