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39 results for “evolution of selfing”
Data from: Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual
<p>Premise of study: Increased aridity and drought associated with climate change are exerting unprecedented selection pressures on plant populations. Whether populations can rapidly adapt, and which life history traits might confer increased fitness under drought, remain outstanding questions. </p> <p>Methods: We utilized a resurrection ecology approach, leveraging dormant seeds from herbarium collections to assess whether populations of <em>Plantago patagonica</em> from the semi-arid Colorado Plateau have rapidly evolved in response to approximately ten years of intense drought in the region. We quantified multiple traits associated with drought escape and drought resistance and assessed the survival of ancestors and descendants under simulated drought. </p> <p>Key Results: Descendant populations displayed a significant shift in resource allocation, in which they invested less in reproductive tissues and relatively more in both above- and below-ground vegetative tissues. Plants with greater leaf biomass survived longer under terminal drought; moreover, even after accounting for the effect of increased leaf biomass, descendant seedlings survived drought longer than their ancestors. </p> <p>Conclusions: Our results document rapid adaptive evolution in response to climate change in a selfing annual and suggest that shifts in tissue allocation strategies may underlie adaptive responses to drought in arid or semi-arid environments. This work also illustrates a novel approach, documenting that under specific circumstances, seeds from herbarium specimens may provide an untapped source of dormant propagules for future resurrection experiments.</p>
Pollinator loss causes rapid adaptive evolution of selfing and dramatically reduces genome-wide genetic variability
<p>While selfing populations harbor little genetic variation limiting evolutionary potential, the causes are unclear. We experimentally evolved large, replicate populations of <em>Mimulus guttatus </em>for nine generations in greenhouses with or without pollinating bees and studied DNA polymorphism in descendants. Populations without bees adapted to produce more selfed seed yet exhibited striking reductions in DNA polymorphism despite large population sizes. Importantly, the genome-wide pattern of variation cannot be explained by a simple reduction in effective population size, but instead reflects the complicated interaction between selection, linkage, and inbreeding. Simulations demonstrate that the spread of favored alleles at few loci depresses neutral variation genome-wide in large populations containing fully selfing lineages. It also generates greater heterogeneity among chromosomes than expected with neutral evolution in small populations. Genome-wide deviations from neutrality were documented in populations with bees, suggesting widespread influences of background selection. After applying outlier tests to detect loci under selection, two genome regions were found in populations with bees, yet no adaptive loci were otherwise mapped. Large amounts of stochastic change in selfing populations compromise evolutionary potential and undermine outlier tests for selection. This occurs because genetic draft in highly selfing populations makes even the largest changes in allele frequency unremarkable.</p>
Data and Code for Self-Evolution
<p>Self-Evolution is a training framework for which the recommended hardware specifications and software environment are delineated in the accompanying README file.<br>The execution command for the training process includes two parameters that require user modification. Upon completion of the training procedure, users should be able to reproduce experimental results congruent with those reported in our paper.</p>
Data from: Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual
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Pollinator loss causes rapid adaptive evolution of selfing and dramatically reduces genome-wide genetic variability
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Epistasis, inbreeding depression and the evolution of self-fertilization
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Epistasis, inbreeding depression and the evolution of self-fertilization
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Data from: Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)
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Evolution of selfing syndrome and its influence on genetic diversity and inbreeding: A range-wide study in Oenothera primiveris.
<p><strong>Premise of the study:</strong> To avoid inbreeding depression plants have evolved diverse breeding systems to favor outcrossing such as self-incompatibility. However, changes in biotic and abiotic conditions can result in selective pressures that lead to a breakdown in self-incompatibility. The shift to increased selfing is commonly associated with reduced floral features, lower attractiveness to pollinators, and increased inbreeding. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the loss of self-incompatibility, a shift to self-fertilization (autogamy), and concomitant evolution of the selfing syndrome (reduction in floral traits associated with cross-fertilization) will lead to increased inbreeding and population differentiation in <em>Oenothera primiveris</em>. Across its range, this species exhibits a shift in its breeding system and floral traits from a self-incompatible population with large flowers to self-compatible populations with smaller flowers.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a breeding system assessment, evaluated floral traits in the field and under controlled conditions, and measured population genetic parameters using RADseq data. </p> <p><strong>Key results:</strong> Our results reveal a bimodal transition to the selfing syndrome from the west to the east of the range of <em>O. primiveris</em>. This shift includes variation in the breeding system, mating system, a reduction in floral traits (flower diameter, herkogamy, and scent production), a shift to greater autogamy, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The observed variation highlights the importance of range-wide studies to understand breeding system variation and the evolution of the selfing syndrome within populations and species.</p>
Data for: Evolution Reinforces Cooperation with the Emergence of Self-Recognition Mechanisms: an empirical study of the Moran process for the iterated Prisoner's dilemma using reinforcement learning
<p>This contains data used for a paper titled: Evolution Reinforces Cooperation with the Emergence of Self-Recognition Mechanisms: an empirical study of the Moran process for the iterated Prisoner's dilemma using reinforcement learning.</p> <p>Numerous data sets are included, the main being `main.csv` which includes the fixation counts for a number of Moran processes between pairs of players from the Axelrod library.</p> <p>The source code and explanation of the data is here: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/axelrod-moran. </p> <p> </p>
Population bottleneck associated with but likely preceded the recent evolution of self-fertilization in a coastal dune plant
<p>Evolution of self-fertilization may be initiated by a historical population bottleneck, which should diagnostically reduce lineage-wide genetic variation. However, selfing can also strongly reduce genetic variation after it evolves. Distinguishing process from pattern is less problematic if mating system divergence is recent and geographically simple. Dramatically reduced diversity is associated with the transition from outcrossing to selfing in the Pacific coastal endemic Abronia umbellata that includes large-flowered, self-incompatible populations (var. umbellata) south of San Francisco Bay and small-flowered, autogamous populations (var. breviflora) to the north. Compared to umbellata, synonymous nucleotide diversity across 10 single-copy nuclear genes was reduced by 94% within individual populations and 90% across the whole selfing breviflora lineage, which contained no unique polymorphisms. The geographic pattern of genetic variation is consistent with a single origin of selfing that occurred recently (7–28 kya). These results are best explained by a historical bottleneck, but the two most northerly umbellata populations also contained little variation and clustered with selfing populations, suggesting that substantial diversity loss preceded the origin of selfing. A bottleneck may have set the stage for the eventual evolution of selfing by purging genetic load that prevents the spread of selfing.</p>
Isothermal self-assembly of multicomponent and evolutive DNA nanostructures
<p>This dataset contains the cadnano files of DNA origamis used in this work as well as all original AFM images used for the data analyses shown in Fig. 1C, Fig. 2A, and Fig. 5.</p>
Population bottleneck associated with but likely preceded the recent evolution of self-fertilization in a coastal dune plant
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Beyond mutations: accounting for selection and self-organization in the analysis of protein evolution
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Data from: Rapid evolution of reproductive isolation between incipient outcrossing and selfing Clarkia species
A major goal of speciation research is to understand the processes involved in the earliest stages of the evolution of reproductive isolation. One important challenge has been to identify systems where lineages have very recently diverged and opportunities for hybridization are present. We conducted a comprehensive examination of the components of reproductive isolation across the life cycle of two subspecies of Clarkia xantiana, which diverged recently (ca. 65,000 bp). One subspecies is primarily outcrossing, but self-compatible, whereas the other is primarily selfing. The subspecies co-occur in a zone of sympatry but hybrids are rarely observed. Premating barriers resulted in nearly complete isolation in both subspecies with flowering time and pollinator preference (for the outcrosser over the selfer) as the strongest barriers. We found that the outcrosser had consistently more competitive pollen, facilitating hybridization in one direction, but no evidence for pollen-pistil interactions as an isolating barrier. Surprisingly, postzygotic isolation was detected at the stage of hybrid seed development, but in no subsequent life stages. This crossing barrier was asymmetric with crosses from the selfer to outcrosser most frequently failing. Collectively, the results provide evidence for rapid evolution of multiple premating and postzygotic barriers despite a very recent divergence time.
Data from: Evolution of the selfing syndrome: anther orientation and herkogamy together determine reproductive assurance in a self-compatible plant
Capacity for autonomous self-fertilization provides reproductive assurance, has evolved repeatedly in the plant kingdom, and typically involves several changes in flower morphology and development (the selfing syndrome). Yet, the relative importance of different traits and trait combinations for efficient selfing and reproductive success in pollinator-poor environments is poorly known. In a series of experiments, we tested the importance of anther-stigma distance and the less studied trait anther orientation for efficiency of selfing in the perennial herb Arabis alpina. Variation in flower morphology among eight self-compatible European populations was correlated with efficiency of self-pollination and with pollen limitation in a common-garden experiment. To examine whether anther-stigma distance and anther orientation are subject to directional and/or correlational selection, and whether this is because these traits affect pollination success, we planted a segregating F2 population at two native field sites. Selection strongly favored a combination of introrse anthers and reduced anther-stigma distance at a site where pollinator activity was low, and supplemental hand-pollination demonstrated that this was largely because of their effect on securing self-pollination. The results suggest that concurrent shifts in more than one trait can be crucial for the evolution of efficient self-pollination and reproductive assurance in pollinator-poor habitats.
Data from: Repeated evolution and reversibility of self-fertilization in the volvocine green algae
Outcrossing and self-fertilization are fundamental strategies of sexual reproduction, each with different evolutionary costs and benefits. Self-fertilization is thought to be an evolutionary "dead-end" strategy, beneficial in the short term but costly in the long term, resulting in self-fertilizing species that occupy only the tips of phylogenetic trees. Here, we use volvocine green algae to investigate the evolution of self-fertilization. We use ancestral-state reconstructions to show that self-fertilization has repeatedly evolved from outcrossing ancestors and that multiple reversals from selfing to outcrossing have occurred. We use three phylogenetic metrics to show that self-fertilization is not restricted to the tips of the phylogenetic tree, a finding inconsistent with the view of self-fertilization as a dead-end strategy. We also find no evidence for higher extinction rates or lower speciation rates in selfing lineages. We find that self-fertilizing species have significantly larger colonies than outcrossing species, suggesting the benefits of selfing may counteract the costs of increased size. We speculate that our macroevolutionary results on self-fertilization (i.e. non-tippy distribution, no decreased diversification rates) may be explained by the haploid-dominant life cycle that occurs in volvocine algae, which may alter the costs and benefits of selfing.
Individual-based simulations for: Population rescue through an increase of the selfing rate under pollen limitation: Plasticity vs. evolution
<p>The file contains the individual-based simulation code that is used in the paper "Population rescue through an increase of the selfing rate under pollen limitation: plasticity vs. evolution". This study built eco-evolutionary models and individual-based simulations to explore the demographic and genetic conditions in which higher self-fertilization by plasticity and/or evolution rescues populations, following deficits due to sudden onset of pollen limitation. The code is written in C++. Please first read the README.txt file for instructions and details.</p>
Comparison of the Balloon-Expandable Edwards Valve and Self-Expandable CoreValve Evolut R or Evolut PRO System for the Treatment of Small, Severely Dysfunctional Surgical Aortic Bioprotheses. The 'LYT
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03520101. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Evolution of the selfing syndrome: anther orientation and herkogamy together determine reproductive assurance in a self-compatible plant
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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