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Figure 3 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 3. Rates of development of Utetheisa ornatrix larvae on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria in Florida and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) partial development of larvae on the native C. rotundifolia versus exotic C. lanceolata; (B, C) partial development of larvae on the native C. pumila versus exotic C. lanceolata; (D, E) development of larvae on the exotic C. spectabilis/retusa versus exotic C. lanceolata; (F) development of larvae on C. incana (native to U. ornatrix range in the Neotropics, but introduced to Florida) versus exotic C. lanceolata. (F – based on data from Sourakov and Locascio 2013).

Figure 4 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 4. Fore wing size of Utetheisa ornatrix raised on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) Fore wing size of

Figure 2 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 2. (A) Understorey of the Florida hammock habitat occupied with invasive exotic Crotalaria spectabilis; (B) a clearing in a secondary Florida habitat, overgrown with exotic Crotalaria pallida; (C, D) mature larvae of U. ornatrix prefer pods of C. spectabilis over leaves; (E) carpenter ants are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries of C. lanceolata; (F, G) larva of U. ornatrix on C. pumila and a pod destroyed by it; (H) mature larva of U. ornatrix inside a pod of C. incana; (I, J) pods of C. pallida are numerous and large and provide ample food and shelter for U. ornatrix; (K) empty pods of C. spectabilis in December with all of their seeds consumed by U. ornatrix larvae; (L) in December, C. retusa becomes the preferred hostplant of U. ornatrix in the C. spectabilis-dominated habitat, when the latter declines; similarly, C. pumila becomes preferred for oviposition in C. lanceolata-dominated habitat; (M) the seeds of C. retusa are well protected by thick walls of the pod; here, a third instar larva is unable to penetrate it; (N) onset of the ultimate instar; (O–Q) prepupa-to-pupa development of U. ornatrix.

Figure 1 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 1. (A) In the wild population of U. ornatrix, adult moth landing on the flower of exotic Crotalaria retusa, Micanopy, Florida; (B) a typical size of a moth from a wild population at Cross Creek, Florida, resulting from larval feeding on C. rotundifolia leaves (top) and its offspring raised in the laboratory on beans of C. spectabilis (bottom) (fore wing length = 20 mm); (C) a single egg batch split in two (experimental and control groups) prior to hatching; (D) hostplant preference test using mature larvae of U. ornatrix inside a tray; (E) differences in pod size and seed volume in six Crotalaria species found in Florida; (F) difference in sprouting rate under similar conditions: native Crotalaria pumila shows much slower sprouting rate than introduced invasive Crotalaria species; (G) upland pine habitat on the University of Florida campus overtaken by thousands of exotic Crotalaria lanceolata plants with a sporadic native C. pumila in the midst (October 2014); (H) U. ornatrix eggs on C. lanceolata; (I) first instar larvae; (J) third instar larva.

FIGURE 3 in Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim (Staphylinidae: Phloeo charinae) and Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer (Scydmaenidae) new to North America: a case study in the introduction of exotic Coleoptera to the port of Halifax, with new records of other species

FIGURE 3: Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer, Point Pleasant Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 2 in Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim (Staphylinidae: Phloeo charinae) and Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer (Scydmaenidae) new to North America: a case study in the introduction of exotic Coleoptera to the port of Halifax, with new records of other species

FIGURE 2: Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim, Point Pleasant Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Living specimen in bark of red maple (Acer rubrum).

FIGURE 1 in Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim (Staphylinidae: Phloeo charinae) and Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer (Scydmaenidae) new to North America: a case study in the introduction of exotic Coleoptera to the port of Halifax, with new records of other species

FIGURE 1: Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim, Point Pleasant Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 4 in Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim (Staphylinidae: Phloeo charinae) and Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer (Scydmaenidae) new to North America: a case study in the introduction of exotic Coleoptera to the port of Halifax, with new records of other species

FIGURE 4: Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer, Point Pleasant Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Lateral habitus.

Figures 31–36 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 31–36. Dirrhagofarsus unicolor (Hisamatsu). 31) Elytral apices, lateral view. 32) Male, dorsal habitus. 33) Head, frontal view. 34) Pronotum, lateral view. 35) Female, dorsal habitus. 36) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (Scale: 31–36 = 1.0 mm.)

Figures 11–14. Dirrhagofarsus species, frontal carina. 11 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 11–14. Dirrhagofarsus species, frontal carina. 11) Dirrhagofarsus modestus (Fleutiaux). 12) Dirrhagofarsus unicolor (Hisamatsu). 13) Dirrhagofarsus ernae Otto, Muona and McClarin. 14) Dirrhagofarsus brevis Otto, new species.

Figures 27–30 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 27–30. Dirrhagofarsus modestus (Fleutiaux) habitat, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, along Diamond Roof Road, Oconto County WI, U.S.A., 23-VI-2021. 27) Rotten stump. 28) Female beetle on stump. 29) Female beetle on nearby fallen log. 30) Nearby fallen log. Images taken by author with Samsung Galaxy S10e smartphone.

Figures 21–26 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 21–26. Dirrhagofarsus modestus (Fleutiaux). 21) Elytral apices, lateral view. 22) Male, dorsal habitus. 23) Head, frontal view. 24) Pronotum, lateral view. 25) Female, dorsal habitus. 26) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (Scale: 21–26 = 1.0 mm.)

Figures 6–10 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 6–10. Dirrhagofarsus lewisi (Fleutiaux). 6) Dorsal habitus. 7) Head, frontal view. 8) Pronotum, lateral view. 9) Elytral apices, lateral view. 10) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (Scale: 6–10 = 1.0 mm.)

Figures 1–5 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 1–5. Dirrhagofarsus ernae Otto, Muona and McClarin. 1) Dorsal habitus. 2) Head, frontal view. 3) Pronotum, lateral view. 4) Elytral apices, lateral view. 5) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (Scale: 5 = 0.5 mm; 1–4 = 1.0 mm.)

Figures 15–20. Dirrhagofarsus brevis Otto new species. 15 in A new species and new records for two other exotic species of Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux, 1935 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) in the United States

Figures 15–20. Dirrhagofarsus brevis Otto new species. 15) Male holotype, elytral apices, lateral view. 16) Male holotype, dorsal habitus. 17) Male holotype, head, frontal view. 18) Male holotype, pronotum, lateral view. 19) Female allotype, dorsal habitus. 20) Male paratype, aedeagus, dorsal view. (Scale: 15–20 = 1.0 mm.)

Figure 7 in Population abundance and growth parameters of an exotic bivalve species, Anadara kagoshimensis, in the Southwestern Black Sea

Figure 7. Seasonal (red line) and non-seasonal (blue line) von Bertalanffy growth curves of A. kagoshimensis

Figure 10 in Population abundance and growth parameters of an exotic bivalve species, Anadara kagoshimensis, in the Southwestern Black Sea

Figure 10. UPGMA phylogenetic tree based on COI gene sequences of two Anadara species and Arca avellana retrieved from Genbank and also three new sequences obtained from this study (OK091154-OK091156). Numbers by the nodes show bootstrap support probabilities.

Figure 9 in Population abundance and growth parameters of an exotic bivalve species, Anadara kagoshimensis, in the Southwestern Black Sea

Figure 9. Nonseasonal VBGP obtain from LFDA (shell length 2 mm size classes frequency distributions; February, May, July, December 2011, February, July, December 2012)

Figure 8 in Population abundance and growth parameters of an exotic bivalve species, Anadara kagoshimensis, in the Southwestern Black Sea

Figure 8. Seasonal VBGP obtained from LFDA (shell length 2 mm size classes frequency distributions; February, May, July, December 2011, February, July, December 2012).