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52 results for “expense”
Land transformation on multi-decadal timescales reveals expanding croplands and settlements at the expense of tree-covered areas and mangroves in Nigeria
<p>A comparative assessment of the change patterns was conducted for seven categories using multi-decadal timescales in seven agroecological zones during three time-intervals (i.e., 1986 – 2000, 2000 – 2013, and 2013 – 2022). These selected periods cover important epochs in Nigeria’s recent history. To examine how much humans have appropriated natural cover (HANLC) in Nigeria over the last four decades, we differentiated natural covers (e.g., tree-covered areas, grasslands, wetlands, and waterbodies) from human activity-related uses (e.g., cropland, artificial surfaces and otherland). To identify trajectories of changes signifying human appropriation of land cover, we evaluated the drivers and processes underlying these major transitions, 1) Natural regeneration and afforestation, 2) Cropland expansion, and 3) Settlement and infrastructure development. Cropland expansion is Nigeria’s most widespread change process with much loss of croplands related to natural regeneration and settlement expansion. The transition matrix is provided showing the extent of land-cover changes in Nigeria over almost four decades (1986 - 2022). Major land cover transitions in each agroecological zone is presented. Analysis of land cover change in each agroecological zone is over 100% when areas of persistence (i.e., areas of no change) are not considered in the analysis.</p>
Danish case study simulation results (consumption, offered & accepted flexibility, revenues & expenses)
<p>This file contains results of the simulations of the Danish case study generated during Horizon 2020 MAGNITUDE project. The case study considers the provision of domestic hot water from 350 heat pumps installed in multi-storey apartment buildings. Heat pumps receive energy from electrical grid and use heat from ultra-low temperature district heating (ULTDH) as heat source. The overall system is referred to as Multi-Energy System (MES). MES can provide flexibility to either intra-day (ID) market or redispatch (RE) services to local distribution system operator. Results show how much flexibility was offered and activated, and the resulting consumption and production profiles due to that. In addition, the revenues and expenses based on the historical prices for Denmark in 2018 had been calculated.</p>
Realizing COP26's declaration on deforestation protects forests at the expense of non-forest land
<p>Data and model source code for the manuscript: "Realizing COP26's declaration on deforestation protects forests at the expense of non-forest land"</p> <p>Abhijeet Mishra1,2,*, Florian Humpenöder1, Christopher P.O. Reyer1, Felicitas Beier1,2, Hermann Lotze-Campen1,2, and Alexander Popp1</p> <p>1 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of Leibniz Association, P.O.Box 60 12 03, 14412,6<br> Potsdam, Germany<br> 2 Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin,8<br> Germany</p> <p>Abhijeet Mishra<br> *mishra@pik-potsdam.de<br> September 2022</p> <p>See https://github.com/abhimishr/magpie/releases and https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.5.0 for further details</p>
A machine learning framework for computationally expensive transient models
<p>The following dataset contains DEM simulation data on multiple material properties and operational parameters and their impact on uniform mixing time. Unifrom mixing time is calculated when segregation index reaches 1.1. Segregation index is defined based on the paper: Marigo, M., Cairns, D. L., Davies, M., Ingram, A. & Stitt, E. H. A numerical comparison of mixing efficiencies of solids in a cylindrical vessel subject to a range of motions. <em>Powder Technol.</em> <strong>217</strong>, 540–547 (2012). </p> <p>The dataset was used for training ML model as described in paper: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05928">https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05928</a></p>
Data from: Complex patch geometries maximize species richness at the expense of forest specialists
<p>Habitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest threats to reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna) around the globe, but especially in the Neotropics where high diversity and ongoing land-use change coincide. Persistence of biodiversity in fragmented systems relies both on characteristics of habitat patches, and on the permeability of the landscape that separates the patches (the 'matrix'). We sought to understand: (a) how the herpetofauna community differs between forest reserves, patches, corridors, and matrices, and (b) the landscape characteristics that increase suitability of a habitat patch. We conducted herpetofauna surveys in patches, corridors, matrices, and preserves (54 total sites) in a fragmented landscape in Costa Rica for three seasons. We recorded 1663 individuals of 52 species. We found that the herpetofauna community differed, and had lower richness and abundance, in the matrix compared to the other three habitat types. Patches and corridors supported a similar community to the forest preserves, demonstrating the conservation value of small forest remnants. Water body presence was an important predictor of richness and abundance in both patches and matrices. While total richness increased in patches with more edge, this was driven by the response of generalist species, whereas the prime indicator species of forest preserves decreased in patches with complex shapes. The differing response to landscape characteristics between specialist and generalist species demonstrates the importance of considering specific taxa when setting conservation goals, rather than using richness measures alone. Our findings can help guide preservation of forest fragments to optimize biodiversity conservation in mixed forest-pastoral landscapes.</p>
How do Less-expensive Nitrogen Alternatives Affect Legume Sanctions on Rhizobia?
<p>Mutualistic interactions involving multiple partners require 'sanctioning' - the ability to influence the fitness of each partner based on its respective contribution. Sanctions must be sensitive to even small differences if even slightly less-beneficial partners could gain a fitness advantage by diverting resources away from the mutualistic service towards their own reproductive fitness. Here, we test whether legume hosts sanction even mediocre N2-fixing rhizobial strains by influencing either its nodule growth or carbon accumulation (polyhydroxybutryate or PHB) per rhizobia cell. We also test if sanctions depend on the availability of less-expensive nitrogen alternatives, either as nitrate or co-inoculation with a more-efficient isogenic strain. We found that nitrate eliminated differences in nodule size between the mediocre and more-efficient strains, suggesting that host sanctions were compromised. However, nitrate additions also decreased PHB accumulation by the mediocre strain, which may eliminate any fitness advantages of lower fixation by this strain. Co-inoculation with a more-efficient strain could also compromise host sanctions if reduction in fitness from smaller nodules does not offset the potential fitness gain from greater PHB accumulation that we observed in the mediocre strain. Hence, a host's ability to sanction mediocre strains depends not only on alternative sources of nitrogen but also the relative importance of different components of rhizobial fitness.</p>
Artifact description for PMBS'23 paper: Calculating Primes the Expensive Way: A Case Study in Write-Allocate Evasion on Intel Ice Lake SP
<p>The article investigates a new hardware feature introduced with the Intel Ice Lake SP microarchitecture that automatically avoids write-allocate traffic for streaming write accesses. The analysis uses the CloverLeaf benchmark code from the SPEChpc2021 suite and micro-benchmarks to assess the effectiveness. The artifact description contains scripts to make CloverLeaf a stand-alone application without the SPEC benchmarking harness and patches for code changes applied to the CloverLeaf benchmark code for the in-depth analysis. Moreover, depending on the task, there are scripts that gather data for multiple parameters, commonly thread counts.</p> <p>All data collecting scripts produce CSV files for further analysis or plotting. For reference, the CSV files with the results shown in the paper are part of the artifact description. Moreover, the artifact description contains the TeX sources to plot all figures presented in this work. They contain the transformations done to the data (scaling from GByte to Byte, etc.) before plotting.</p> <p>With a working installation of the SPEChpc2021 suite, an Intel Ice Lake SP system and applied patches from this artifact description, all benchmarks can be re-run and reproduce the data presented in this work. It is important to note that the write-allocate avoidance feature behaves differently on different Ice Lake SP chips. For a full reproduction of the shown results, one has to use systems with Intel Xeon Platinum 8360Y as well. Furthermore, for disabling certain hardware features like the hardware prefetchers, SpecI2M or other undocumented prefetchers, one needs root access to the system.</p>
Data from: The hidden cost of sexually selected traits: the metabolic expense of maintaining a sexually selected weapon
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Data from: Trade-off between somatic and germline repair in a vertebrate supports the expensive germ line hypothesis
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Data from: Complex patch geometries maximize species richness at the expense of forest specialists
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How do Less-expensive Nitrogen Alternatives Affect Legume Sanctions on Rhizobia?
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Data from: Comparative support for the expensive tissue hypothesis: big brains are correlated with smaller gut and greater parental investment in Lake Tanganyika cichlids
The brain is one of the most energetically expensive organs in the vertebrate body. Consequently, the energetic requirements of encephalization are suggested to impose considerable constraints on brain size evolution. Three main hypotheses concerning how energetic constraints might affect brain evolution predict covariation between brain investment and i) investment into other costly tissues, ii) overall metabolic rate, and iii) reproductive investment. To date, these hypotheses have mainly been tested in homeothermic animals and the existing data are inconclusive. However, there are good reasons to believe that energetic limitations might play a role in large-scale patterns of brain size evolution also in ectothermic vertebrates. Here we test these hypotheses in a group of ectothermic vertebrates, the Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes. After controlling for the effect of shared ancestry and confounding ecological variables, we find a negative association between brain size and gut size. Furthermore, we find that the evolution of a larger brain is accompanied by increased reproductive investment into egg size and parental care. Our results indicate that the energetic costs of encephalization may be an important general factor involved in the evolution of brain size also in ectothermic vertebrates.
Data from: Climate change will increase savannas at the expense of forests and treeless vegetation in tropical and subtropical Americas
1. Transition areas between biomes are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. Our understanding of the impacts of ongoing climate change on terrestrial ecosystems has significantly increased during the last years. However, it is largely unknown how climatic change will affect transitions among major vegetation types. 2. We modelled the distribution of three alternative states (forest, savanna and treeless areas) in the tropical and subtropical Americas by means of climate-niche modelling. We studied how such distribution will change by the year 2070 by using 17 downscaled and calibrated global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and the latest scenarios provided by the 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC. 3. Our results support the savannization of the tropical and subtropical Americas because of climate change, with an increase in savannas mainly at the expense of forests. 4. Our models predict an important geographical shift in the current distribution of transition areas between forest and savannas, which is much less pronounced in the case of those between savannas and treeless areas. Largest shifts, up to 600 km northward, are predicted in the forest–savanna transitions located in the eastern Amazon. 5. Our findings indicate that climate change will promote a shift towards more unstable states: the extent of the transition areas will notably increase, and largely stable forest areas are predicted to shrink dramatically. 6. Synthesis. Our work explores dimensions of the impact of climate change on biomes that have received little attention so far. Our results indicate that climate change will not only affect the extent of savanna, forest and treeless areas in the tropical and subtropical Americas, but also will: (i) promote a significant geographical shift and an increase of the extent of transition areas between biomes and (ii) decrease the stability of the equilibrium between forest, savanna and treeless areas, yielding a more unpredictable system.
ANALYSING THE MULTIFACETED DETERMINANTS OF EXORBITANT MEDICAL EXPENSES AMONG SENIOR CITIZENS IN MALAYSIA
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Application demonstrating show view updates result on MainActivity with expensive onBind call
<p>Results demonstrating show view updates result on MainActivity with expensive onBind call</p>
Health Expenses and Outcomes of the DASH Diet in Egyptian Patients With Hypertension
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06499194. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
To Achieve an Early Reendothelialization at the Expense of Low Restenosis: The EREMUS Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00870038. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Improving Bio-availability of the Expensive Oral Oncolytic Drug Abiraterone by Food Intake
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02883166. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Comparative support for the expensive tissue hypothesis: big brains are correlated with smaller gut and greater parental investment in Lake Tanganyika cichlids
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Data from: Climate change will increase savannas at the expense of forests and treeless vegetation in tropical and subtropical Americas
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.