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233 results for “experimental evolution”
Data from: Combined experimental-numerical analysis of the temperature evolution and distribution during friction surfacing
<p>This dataset contains the data for the publication "Combined experimental-numerical analysis of the temperature evolution and distribution during friction surfacing".</p>
Experimental Results for the study "A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution"
<p>This repository contains the experiment results and R scripts to analyze the data for the study "A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization andDifferential Evolution", which is accepted in <em>The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference</em> (GECCO) '20 conference: </p> <p>Rick Boks, Hao Wang, and Thomas Bäck. 2020. A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution. In <em>Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (GECCO ’20 Companion), July 8–12, 2020, Cancún, Mexico. </em>ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. <a href="http://https: //doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398123">https: //doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398123</a></p> <p>Bibtex:</p> <pre><code class="language-markdown">@inproceedings{BoksWB20, author = {Rick Boks and Hao Wang and Thomas B\"ack}, title = {{A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, {GECCO} 2020, Canc\'un, Mexico, July 8-12, 2020}, publisher = {{ACM}}, year = {2020}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321816}, doi = {doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398123, }</code></pre> <p><strong>Data description:</strong> we benchmarked <strong>800 </strong>different<strong> </strong>hybridizations of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms on a well-known continuous black-box problem set called <a href="https://coco.gforge.inria.fr/">COCO/BBOB</a>, which consists of 24 test functions. 30 independent runs are conducted for each algorithm on each problem.</p> <ul> <li>'ERT.csv': a data frame with columns DIM (5D or 20D), funcId (F1-24), algId (algorithm names), target (<span class="math-tex">\(10^{\{-8,-7, \ldots, 1\}}\)</span>), ERT (expected running time), and sd (standard deviation).</li> <li>'raw-data.csv': the running time recorded in each independent run. </li> <li>'analysis.R': the R script that generates ERT tables in the paper.</li> <li>'ecdf.R': the R script that renders the ECDF (empirical cumulative distribution function) plots in the paper.</li> </ul>
Data and analysis scripts associated with the paper 'Long-term experimental evolution of HIV-1 reveals effects of environment and mutational history''
<p><em>Eva Bons, Christine Leemann, Karin J. Metzner, Roland R. Regoes</em></p> <p>This repository contains all the data and analysis scripts associated with the paper 'Long-term experimental evolution of HIV-1 reveals effects of environment and mutational history'</p> <p>See the readme after unpacking the .zip for a description of the files</p>
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from two selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18–20 generations (male- versus female-biased) was recorded at two different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.</p>
Experimental data from laboratory studies on the generation and evolution of internal tides under various Coriolis parameters
<p>The dataset includes experimental data from laboratory studies on the generation and evolution of internal tides under various Coriolis parameters.</p> <p>"uu" and "uh" are horizontal velocities. (unit: m/s)<br>"vv" and "vh" are vertical velocities. (unit: m/s)<br>"xx" and "yy" are the horizontal and vertical coordinates, respectively. (unit: m)</p> <p>The frequency of internal tide is 0.68 rad/s.<br>The Coriolis parameters are 0, 0.13, 0.17, 0.21, 0.25, 0.29, 0.335, 0.38, 0.42, 0.46, 0.54 rad/s for f00 to f26.<br>The time interval is 0.2s.</p>
Data from: Rapid, parallel evolution of field mustard (Brassica rapa) under experimental drought
<p>Climate change is driving evolutionary and plastic responses in populations, but predicting these responses remains challenging. Studies that combine experimental evolution with ancestor-descendant comparisons allow assessment of the causes, parallelism, and adaptive nature of evolutionary responses, although such studies remain rare, particularly in a climate change context. Here, we created experimental populations of Brassica rapa derived from the same natural population and exposed these replicated populations to experimental drought or watered conditions for four generations. We then grew ancestors and descendants concurrently, following the resurrection approach. Experimental populations under drought showed rapid evolution of earlier flowering time and increased specific leaf area, consistent with a drought escape strategy and observations in natural populations. Evolutionary shifts followed the direction of selection and increased fitness under drought, indicative of adaptive evolution. Evolution to drought also occurred largely in parallel among replicate populations. Further, traits showed phenotypic plasticity to drought, but the direction and effect size of plasticity varied. Our results demonstrate parallel evolution to experimental drought, suggesting that evolution to strong, consistent selection may be predictable. Broadly, our study demonstrates the utility of combining experimental evolution with the resurrection approach to investigate responses to climate change.</p>
Data from: Rapid, nonparallel genomic evolution of Brassica rapa (field mustard) under experimental drought
<p>While we know that climate change can potentially cause rapid phenotypic evolution, our understanding of the genetic basis and degree of genetic parallelism of rapid evolutionary responses to climate change is limited. In this study, we combined the resurrection approach with an evolve and resequence design to examine genome-wide evolutionary changes following drought. We exposed genetically similar replicate populations of the annual plant <em>Brassica</em> <em>rapa</em> derived from a field population in southern California to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions in a greenhouse. Genome-wide sequencing of ancestral and descendant population pools identified hundreds of SNPs that showed evidence of rapidly evolving in response to drought. Several of these were in stress response genes, and two were identified in a prior study of drought response in this species. However, almost all genetic changes were unique among experimental populations, indicating that the evolutionary changes were largely non-parallel, despite the fact that genetically similar replicates of the same founder population had experienced controlled and consistent selection regimes. This non-parallelism of evolution at the genetic level is potentially because of polygenetic adaptation allowing for multiple different genetic routes to similar phenotypic outcomes. Our findings help to elucidate the relationship between rapid phenotypic and genomic evolution and shed light on the degree of parallelism and predictability of genomic evolution to environmental change.</p>
Evolution in interacting species alters predator life history traits, behavior and morphology in experimental microbial communities
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Data from: Rapid, parallel evolution of field mustard (Brassica rapa) under experimental drought
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Data from: Experimental evolution of a pheromone signal
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Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
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Data from: Rapid, nonparallel genomic evolution of Brassica rapa (field mustard) under experimental drought
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Data from: Avoiding dead ends: the experimental evolution of constraint as adaptation to environmental variation
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Data from: An experimental investigation of how intraspecific competition and phenotypic plasticity can promote the evolution of novel, complex phenotypes
<p>Intraspecific competition has long been considered a key driver of evolutionary diversification, but whether it can also promote evolutionary innovation is less clear. We examined the interplay between competition and phenotypic plasticity in fueling the origins of a novel, complex phenotype––a distinctive carnivore morph found in spadefoot toad tadpoles (genus <i>Spea</i>) that specializes on fairy shrimp. We specifically sought to explore the possible origins of this phenotype by providing shrimp to <i>Scaphiopus holbrookii</i> tadpoles (the sister genus to <i>Spea </i>that does not produce carnivores) while subjecting them to competition for their standard diet of detritus. Previous research had shown that this species will eat shrimp when detritus is limited, and that these shrimp-fed individuals produce features that are redolent of a rudimentary <i>Spea </i>carnivore. In this study, we found that: 1) behavioral and morphological plasticity enabled some individuals to expand their diet to include shrimp; 2) there was heritable variation in this plasticity; and 3) individuals received a growth and development benefit by eating shrimp. Thus, novel resource use can arise via plasticity as an adaptive response to intraspecific competition. More generally, our results show how competition and plasticity may interact to pave the way for the evolution of complex, novel phenotypes, such as the distinctive carnivore morph in present-day <i>Spea</i>.</p>
Experimentally induced intrasexual mating competition and sex-specific evolution in female and male nematodes
Sexual dimorphism in life history traits and their trade-offs is widespread among sexually reproducing animals, and is strongly influenced by the differences in reproductive strategies between the sexes. We investigated how intrasexual competition (pre- and postcopulatory) acted on specific life history traits, important to fitness, and their trade-offs in the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. Here, we imposed strong sex-specific selection through experimental evolution with increased potential for intrasexual competition by skewing the adult sex ratio towards either males or females (1:10 or 10:1) over 30 generations, and subsequently measured the phenotypic response to selection in three traits related to fitness; body size, fecundity and tolerance to heat stress. We observed a stronger response to selection in females for body size and peak fitness, suggesting that females may experience stronger net selection and potentially harbour higher amounts of standing genetic variance compared to males. Our study highlights the importance of investigating direct and indirect effects of intrasexual competition in both sexes in order to capture sex-specific responses and understand the evolution of sexual dimorphism in traits expressed by both sexes.
Data for the paper "Experimental evolution of post-ingestive nutritional compensation in response to a nutrient-poor diet"
<p>The geometric framework of nutrition predicts that populations restricted to a single imbalanced diet should evolve post-ingestive nutritional compensation mechanisms bringing the blend of assimilated nutrients closer to physiological optimum. The evolution of such nutritional compensation is thought to be mainly driven by the ratios of major nutrients rather than overall nutritional content of the diet. We report experimental evolution of divergence in post-ingestive nutritional compensation in populations of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> adapted to diets that contained identical imbalanced nutrient ratios but differed in total nutrient concentration. Larvae from "Selected" populations maintained for over 200 generations on a nutrient-poor diet with 1:13.5 protein:carbohydrate ratio showed enhanced assimilation of nitrogen from yeasts and reduced assimilation of carbon from sucrose than "Control" populations evolved on a diet with the same nutrient ratio but 4-fold greater nutrient concentration. Compared to the Controls, the Selected larvae also accumulated less triglycerides relative to protein. This implies that the Selected populations evolved a higher assimilation rate of amino-acids from the poor imbalanced diet and a lower assimilation of carbohydrates than Controls. Thus, the evolution of nutritional compensation may be driven by changes in total nutrient abundance, even if the ratios of different nutrients remain unchanged.</p>
Data from: Experimental evolution of insect immune memory versus pathogen resistance
Under strong pathogen pressure, insects often evolve resistance to infection. Many insects are also protected via immune memory ('immune priming'), whereby sub-lethal exposure to a pathogen enhances survival after secondary infection. Theory predicts that immune memory should evolve when the pathogen is highly virulent, or when pathogen exposure is relatively rare. However, there are no empirical tests of these hypotheses, and the adaptive benefits of immune memory relative to direct resistance against a pathogen are poorly understood. To determine the selective pressures and ecological conditions that shape immune evolution, we imposed strong pathogen selection on flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) populations, infecting them with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for 11 generations. Populations injected first with heat-killed and then live Bt each generation evolved high basal resistance against multiple Bt strains. In contrast, populations injected only with a high dose of live Bt evolved a less effective but strain-specific priming response. Control populations injected with heat-killed Bt did not evolve priming; and in the ancestor, priming was effective only against a low Bt dose. Intriguingly, one replicate population first evolved priming and subsequently evolved basal resistance, suggesting the potential for dynamic evolution of different immune strategies. Our work is the first report showing that pathogens can select for rapid modulation of insect priming ability, allowing hosts to evolve divergent immune strategies (generalized resistance vs. specific immune memory) with potentially distinct mechanisms.
Data from: Combining experimental evolution and genomics to understand how seed beetles adapt to a marginal host plant
<p>Genes that affect adaptive traits have been identified, but our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation in a more general sense (across multiple traits) remains limited. We combined population-genomic analyses of evolve and resequence experiments, genome-wide association mapping of performance traits, and analyses of gene expression to fill this knowledge gap, and shed light on the genomics of adaptation to a marginal host (lentil) by the seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>. Using population-genomic approaches, we detected modest parallelism in allele frequency change across replicate lines during adaptation to lentil. Mapping populations derived from each lentil-adapted line revealed a polygenic basis for two host-specific performance traits (weight and development time), which had low to modest heritabilities. We found less evidence of parallelism in genotype-phenotype associations across these lines than in allele frequency changes during the experiments. Differential gene expression caused by differences in recent evolutionary history exceeded that caused by immediate rearing host. Together, the three genomic data sets suggest that genes affecting traits other than weight and development time are likely to be the main causes of parallel evolution, and that detoxification genes (especially cytochrome P450s and beta-glucosidase) could be especially important for colonization of lentil by <em>C. maculatus</em>.</p>
Experimental evolution of Dictyostelium discoideum cheating under relaxed selection
<p>Many microbes interact with one another, but the difficulty of directly observing these interactions in nature makes interpreting their adaptive value complicated. The social amoeba <em>Dictyostelium discoideum </em>forms aggregates<em> </em>wherein some cells are sacrificed for the benefit of others. Within chimeric aggregates containing multiple unrelated lineages, cheaters can gain an advantage by undercontributing, but the extent to which wild <em>D. discoideum </em>has adapted to cheat is not fully clear. In this study, we experimentally evolved <em>D. discoideum </em>in an environment where there were no selective pressures to cheat or resist cheating in chimeras. <em>D. discoideum </em>lines grown in this environment evolved reduced competitiveness within chimeric aggregates and reduced ability to migrate during the slug stage. By contrast, we did not observe a reduction in cell number, a trait for which selection was not relaxed. The observed loss of traits that our laboratory conditions had made irrelevant suggests that these traits were adaptations driven and maintained by selective pressures <em>D. discoideum </em>faces in its natural environment. Our results suggest that <em>D. discoideum</em> faces social conflict in nature, and illustrate a general approach that could be applied to searching for social or non-social adaptations in other microbes.</p>
Experimental sexual selection affects the evolution of physiological and life history traits
<p>Sexual selection and sexual conflict are expected to affect all aspects of the phenotype, not only traits that are directly involved in reproduction. Here, we show coordinated evolution of multiple physiological and life history traits in response to long-term experimental manipulation of the mating system in populations of <em>Drosophila pseudoobscura</em>. Development time was extended under polyandry relative to monogamy in both sexes, potentially due to higher investment in traits linked to sexual selection and sexual conflict. Individuals (especially males) evolving under polyandry had higher metabolic rates and locomotor activity than those evolving under monogamy. Polyandry individuals also invested more in metabolites associated with increased endurance capacity and efficient energy metabolism and regulation, namely lipid and glycogen. Finally, polyandry males were less desiccation- and starvation- resistant than monogamy males, suggesting trade-offs between resistance and sexually selected traits. Our results provide experimental evidence that mating systems can impose selection that influences the evolution of non-sexual phenotypes such as development, activity, metabolism, and nutrient homeostasis.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.