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22 results for “experimental hybrids”
FLOATECH WP3 experimental dataset : wave-tank hybrid testing of a 10 MW turbine based on a spar platform (ECN)
<p>This dataset presents the experimental measurements made in the Hydrodynamic and Ocean Engineering wave tank of Ecole Centrale de Nantes, in France, with the model of a 10 MW turbine supported by a spar platform at a scale 1:40. </p> <p>The tests were performed using a real-time hybrid testing method (or software-in-the-loop) called SoftWind presented and published in Ocean Engineering (the paper is available at this <a title="Paper SoftWind" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118390">link</a>). </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Presentation of the experimental model:</strong></p> <p>The model is presented in details in the provided Excel file "FLOATECH_C3_Project data and model description.xlsx". </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>In the dataset:</strong></p> <p>The measurement files of the tests are gathered in folders by "series", and each test file has a test number. The series and the test conditions of each run are detailed in the provided Excel file "FLOATECH_C3_Database_Matrix.xlsx". </p> <p>Decay tests, pull-out tests and hammer tests were performed and are given in the dataset. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Real-time simulation models</strong></p> <p>The numerical models used in the real-time OpenFAST simulations are also provided in the compressed file "RT Simulations files.zip". </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data used in the published paper:</strong></p> <p>Some of the tests were used in the paper (see <a title="Paper SoftWind" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118390">link</a>). The corresponding test numbers are given in the table below. </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Load cases</strong></td> <td><strong>Hs (m)</strong></td> <td><strong>Tp (s)</strong></td> <td><strong>Uhub (m/s)</strong></td> <td><strong>TI (%)</strong></td> <td><strong>Wave dir. (°)</strong></td> <td><strong>Wind dir(°)</strong></td> <td><strong>TestNum 1C</strong></td> <td><strong>TestNum 3C</strong></td> <td><strong>TestNum 5C</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1.2</td> <td>7</td> <td>12</td> <td>14</td> <td>13.8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>269</td> <td>268</td> <td>270</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2.1</td> <td>7</td> <td>12</td> <td>14</td> <td>13.8</td> <td>0</td> <td>25</td> <td>275</td> <td>307</td> <td>281</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Experimental Results for the study "A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution"
<p>This repository contains the experiment results and R scripts to analyze the data for the study "A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization andDifferential Evolution", which is accepted in <em>The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference</em> (GECCO) '20 conference: </p> <p>Rick Boks, Hao Wang, and Thomas Bäck. 2020. A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution. In <em>Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (GECCO ’20 Companion), July 8–12, 2020, Cancún, Mexico. </em>ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. <a href="http://https: //doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398123">https: //doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398123</a></p> <p>Bibtex:</p> <pre><code class="language-markdown">@inproceedings{BoksWB20, author = {Rick Boks and Hao Wang and Thomas B\"ack}, title = {{A Modular Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, {GECCO} 2020, Canc\'un, Mexico, July 8-12, 2020}, publisher = {{ACM}}, year = {2020}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3321707.3321816}, doi = {doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398123, }</code></pre> <p><strong>Data description:</strong> we benchmarked <strong>800 </strong>different<strong> </strong>hybridizations of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms on a well-known continuous black-box problem set called <a href="https://coco.gforge.inria.fr/">COCO/BBOB</a>, which consists of 24 test functions. 30 independent runs are conducted for each algorithm on each problem.</p> <ul> <li>'ERT.csv': a data frame with columns DIM (5D or 20D), funcId (F1-24), algId (algorithm names), target (<span class="math-tex">\(10^{\{-8,-7, \ldots, 1\}}\)</span>), ERT (expected running time), and sd (standard deviation).</li> <li>'raw-data.csv': the running time recorded in each independent run. </li> <li>'analysis.R': the R script that generates ERT tables in the paper.</li> <li>'ecdf.R': the R script that renders the ECDF (empirical cumulative distribution function) plots in the paper.</li> </ul>
Experimental test of selection against hybridization as a driver of avian signal divergence
<p><span>Signal divergence may be pivotal in the generation and maintenance of new biodiversity by allowing closely related species to avoid some costs of co-occurrence. In birds, closely related, sympatric species are more divergent in their colour patterns than those that live apart, but the selective pressures driving this pattern remain unclear. Traditionally, signal divergence among sympatric species is thought to result from selection against hybridization, but broad evidence is lacking. Here, we conducted field experiments on na</span><span>ï</span><span>ve birds using spectrometer-matched, painted 3D-printed models to test whether selection against hybridization drives colour pattern divergence in the genus Poecile. To address selection for male colour pattern divergence without the influence of learning or the evolution of female discrimination in sympatry, we simulated secondary contact between Poecile species, and conducted mate choice experiments on naïve, allopatric females. We found that female black-capped chickadees (<em>P. atricapillus</em>) are equally likely to perform copulation solicitation displays to sympatric and allopatric heterospecific congeners when they are paired with conspecifics, but exhibit a strong preference for less divergent males when presented with paired heterospecific congeners. These results suggest that increased colour pattern divergence among sympatric species can reduce the likelihood of mixed mating in some contexts, and therefore should be favoured by selection against hybridization.</span></p>
Supporting data for: "Hybrid Computational-Experimental Data-Driven Design of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Peptides"
<p>This repository contains supporting data and code for the paper titled "Hybrid Computational-Experimental Data-Driven Design of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Peptides" by Kirill Shmilovich, Sayak Subhra Panda, Anna Stouffer, John D. Tovar, and Andrew L. Ferguson.</p>
Experimental test of selection against hybridization as a driver of avian signal divergence
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Fig. 5. Hybrid 5 in E Va L U At I O N O F A L L E L I C C O N T E N T I N A N Experimental Alder (Alnus Spp.) Plantation
Fig. 5. Hybrid 5-year seedlings mean height (Hv) and A.glutinosa allele content.
Data from: Rapid generation of ecologically relevant behavioural novelty in experimental cichlid hybrids
<p>The East African cichlid radiations are characterised by repeated and rapid diversification into many distinct species with different ecological specialisations and by a history of hybridization events between non-sister species. Such hybridization might provide important fuel for adaptive radiation. Interspecific hybrids can have extreme trait values or novel trait combinations and such transgressive phenotypes may allow some hybrids to explore ecological niches neither of the parental species could tap into. Here, we investigate the potential of second-generation (F2) hybrids between two generalist cichlid species from Lake Malawi to exploit a resource neither parental species is specialised on: feeding by sifting sand. Some of the F2 hybrids phenotypically resembled fish of species that are specialised on sand sifting. We combined experimental behavioural and morphometric approaches to test whether the F2 hybrids are transgressive in both morphology and behaviour related to sand sifting. We then performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using RADseq markers to investigate the genetic architecture of morphological and behavioural traits. We show that transgression is present in several morphological traits, that novel trait combinations occur, and we observe transgressive trait values in sand sifting behaviour in some of the F2 hybrids. Moreover, we find QTLs for morphology and for sand sifting behaviour, suggesting the existence of some loci with moderate to large effects. We demonstrate that hybridization has the potential to rapidly generate novel and ecologically relevant phenotypes that may be suited to a niche neither of the parental species occupies. Interspecific hybridization may thereby contribute to the rapid generation of ecological diversity in cichlid radiations.</p>
Experimental hybridization studies suggest that pleiotropic alleles commonly underlie adaptive divergence between natural populations
<p>The alleles used for adaptation can pleiotropically affect traits under stabilizing selection. The fixation of alleles with deleterious pleiotropic effects causes compensatory alleles to be favoured by selection. Such compensatory alleles might segregate in interpopulation hybrids, resulting in segregation variance for traits where parents have indistinguishable phenotypes. If adaptation typically involves pleiotropy and compensation, then the segregation variance for traits under stabilizing selection is expected to increase with the magnitude of adaptive phenotypic divergence between parents. This prediction has not been tested empirically, and I gathered data from experimental hybridization studies to evaluate it. I found that pairs of parents which are more phenotypically divergent beget hybrids with more segregation variance in traits for which the parents are statistically indistinguishable. This result suggests that adaptive divergence between pairs of natural populations proceeds via pleiotropy and compensation, and that deleterious transgressive segregation variance accumulates systematically as populations diverge.</p>
Data from: Ecological novelty by hybridization: experimental evidence for increased thermal tolerance by transgressive segregation in Tigriopus californicus
Early generations of hybrids can express both genetic incompatibilities and phenotypic novelty. Insights into whether these conflicting interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic selection persist after a few generations of recombination require experimental studies. To address this question, we use interpopulation crosses and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the copepod Tigriopus californicus, and focus on two traits that are relevant for the diversification of this species: survivorship during development and tolerance to thermal stress. Experimental crosses between two population pairs show that most RILs between two heat-tolerant populations show enhanced tolerance to temperatures that are lethal to the respective parentals, whereas RILs between a heat-tolerant and a heat-sensitive population are intermediate. Although interpopulation crosses are affected by intrinsic selection at early generational hybrids, most of the sampled F9 RILs have recovered fitness to the level of their parentals. Together, these results suggest that a few generations of recombination allows for an independent segregation of the genes underlying thermal tolerance and cytonuclear incompatibilities, permitting certain recombinant lineages to survive in niches previously unused by parental taxa (i.e., warmer thermal environments) without incurring intrinsic selection.
Supplements - Apomictic fern fathers: An experimental approach to the reproductive characteristics of sexual, apomict and hybrid fern gametophytes
<p>Supplementary files for the article "Apomictic fern fathers: An experimental approach to the reproductive characteristics of sexual, apomict and hybrid fern gametophytes" published in American Journal of Botany</p>
Second Harmonic Generation from Grating-Coupled Hybrid Plasmon-Phonon Polaritons - Experimental and Simulation Data
<p>Experimental and simulation data for "Second Harmonic Generation from Grating-Coupled Hybrid Plasmon-Phonon Polaritons" by Marcel Kohlmann et al., recently (10/22) accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters. A preprint is available on the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00375">arXiv</a>. </p> <p>Content:<br> We provide matlab code to generate the figures from the experimental and simulated data.</p> <p>fig1.m: generates fig1c,d of the paper<br> fig2_4.m generates fig 2 and 4<br> fig3.m generates fig3</p> <p>experimental_data.zip contains all experimental data, please unzip before running the scripts<br> comsol_data.zip contains all Comsol simulation output data. Please unzip before running the scripts.</p> <p>The remaining matlab scripts are needed in the process. "passler_epsTarray_generator.m" is also part of the transfer matrix implementation available on <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034720">Zenodo</a>.</p> <p>Please contact <a href="mailto:alexander.paarmann@fhi-berlin.mpg.de">Alex Paarmann</a> for any questions.</p>
Experimental and Computational Dataset for ""Direct monitoring of the thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA and RNA dinucleotide hybridization onto gaps and overhangs"
<p>Binding of short nucleic acid segments (<4 nucleotides) to single-strand templates occurs as a critical intermediate in processes such as non-enzymatic nucleic acid replication and toehold-mediated strand displacement. The templates in these reactions often contain adjacent duplex segments that stabilize base pair formation to single-strand gaps or overhangs, but the thermodynamics and kinetics of hybridization in such contexts are poorly understood due to the<br> experimental challenges of probing weak binding and rapid structural dynamics. Here we develop an approach to directly measure the thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA and RNA dinucleotide<br> hybridization using steady-state and temperature-jump infrared spectroscopy. Thermodynamic results indicate that duplex segments adjacent to overhangs and gaps stabilize dinucleotide binding<br> through a combination of coaxial stacking interactions and additional factors that remain unclear. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations indicate potential structural differences between the<br> dinucleotide-gap complexes and canonical duplexes that may contribute to binding stability. We demonstrate time-resolved measurements of dinucleotide dehybridization and observe timescales ranging from 200 ns to 40 µs depending on the template and temperature. Together, our work provides an initial step for predicting the binding stability and kinetics of short DNA and RNA duplex segments onto various type of nucleic acid templates</p>
Data from: Rapid generation of ecologically relevant behavioural novelty in experimental cichlid hybrids
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Data from: Ecological novelty by hybridization: experimental evidence for increased thermal tolerance by transgressive segregation in Tigriopus californicus
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Data from: Experimental hybridization in allopatric species of the Drosophila repleta group (Diptera, Drosophilidae): implications in the mode of speciation
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Data from: Hybridization and invasion: an experimental test with diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.)
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Experimental hybridization studies suggest that pleiotropic alleles commonly underlie adaptive divergence between natural populations
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Data from: Experimental contact zones reveal causes and targets of sexual selection in hybridizing lizards
Divergence in sexually selected traits in allopatry should affect the degree and direction of hybridization. However, few studies have established the causes and targets of sexual selection during secondary contact. Common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) from north-central Italy have highly exaggerated male sexual traits compared to populations in Western Europe. Using experimental populations, we show that this creates asymmetries in male dominance, spatial habitat use and reproductive success upon secondary contact. Hybridization occurred almost exclusively between males of the Italian lineage and females of the Western European lineage. We provide evidence to suggest stronger ongoing selection on male sexual traits within the dominant Italian lineage. However, these same characters did not predict hybridization, and hybrid matings contributed little to variance in male reproductive success. Instead, most hybrid offspring were sired by Italian males displaying phenotypes associated with lower within-lineage reproductive success. Thus, highly directional hybridization arises because some Italian males are out-competed within their own lineage but remain competitive relative to males of the other lineage. This pattern of hybridization is consistent with the direction of introgression in natural contact zones, but our data suggest that sexual selection acting through hybridization may be weak at the leading edge of natural hybrid zones.
Data from: The effect of hybrid transgression on environmental tolerance in experimental yeast crosses
Evidence is rapidly accumulating that hybridization generates adaptive variation. Transgressive segregation in hybrids could promote the colonization of new environments. Here, we use an assay to select hybrid genotypes that can proliferate in environmental conditions beyond the conditions tolerated by their parents, and we directly compete them against parental genotypes in habitats across environmental clines. We made 45 different hybrid swarms by crossing yeast strains (both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. paradoxus) with different genetic and phenotypic divergence. We compared the ability of hybrids and parents to colonize seven types of increasingly extreme environmental clines, representing both natural and novel challenges (mimicking pollution events). We found that a significant majority of hybrids had greater environmental ranges compared to the average of both their parents' ranges (mid-parent transgression), but only a minority of hybrids had ranges exceeding their best parent (best-parent transgression). Transgression was affected by the specific strains involved in the cross and by the test environment. Genetic and phenotypic crossing distance predicted the extent of transgression in only two of the seven environments. We isolated a set of potentially transgressive hybrids selected at the extreme ends of the clines and found that many could directly outcompete their parents across whole clines and were between 1.5- and 3-fold fitter on average. Saccharomyces yeast is a good model for quantitative and replicable experimental speciation studies, which may be useful in a world where hybridization is becoming increasingly common due to the relocation of plants and animals by humans.
Data from: Experimental contact zones reveal causes and targets of sexual selection in hybridizing lizards
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