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68 results for “experimental manipulation”
Experimental manipulation of predatory crab species identity (Panopeus obesus vs. Eurytium limosum) and size-structure and assessment of effects on invertebrate densities, sediment properties and plant biomass.
Predatory mud crabs (Panopeus obesus and Eurytium limosum) are two of the main resident infaunal predators in southeastern US salt marshes. Little is known, however, about their effects on important prey species, or their influences on sediment or plant properties. These influences are likely to be dependent on the identity of species and the size-stucture of the population. We therefore manipulated the species identity (Panopeus or Eurtium) and size-structure. The size-structure treatrment had four levels: small [9 individuals, each 18-22mm carapace diameter], medium [6 ind. 24 -28mm], large [3 ind. 32-36mm], mixed (3 small, 2 medium, 1 large, all within same cage). The numbers of crabs in each size-structure treatment were chosen to capture natural size-abundance relationships. The treatments were maintained in experimental cages (70 x 70 x 100 cm, length, width, height) in the mid-Spartina zone at Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, GA. We maintained the treatments over 4 months (July - October 2010), before assessing impacts on prey densitities (mud fiddler crabs, ribbed mussels and marsh periwinkles), and ecosystem properties (aboveground plant biomass, sediment redox potential, sediment water content).
GFE01 Ghost Fire: an experimental manipulation of fire effects on multi-trophic community dynamics in the ungrazed uplands of unburned and annually burned watersheds of Konza Prairie
Frequent burning is a common land practice in many grasslands worldwide, and this land use strategy has large impacts on a wide variety of ecosystem functions and services. Fire in tallgrass prairie, in the absence of grazing, alters plant community composition, decreases richness, and increases plant production. Proposed mechanisms for the changes in community composition and function are that fire decreases N availability (through volatilization) and removes litter (thereby increasing light availability and decreasing soil moisture). However, few experiments explicitly test these mechanisms, and those that do monitor short-term effects.Yet, the strength of these mechanisms likely differ over longer time scales, as other ecosystem attributes (e.g., plant community composition) change through time. Ghost Fire aims to determine the mechanisms behind community and ecosystem differences between annually burned grassland and 20-year burned grassland (hereafter called unburned) by experimentally manipulating N availability and litter. We impose litter and N conditions found in unburned grassland onto annually burned grassland, and litter and N conditions typically found in annually burned grassland onto unburned grassland. Importantly, Ghost Fire monitors both below-and above-ground plant community and ecosystem dynamics as well other dimensions of the ecosystem including microbial and mycorrhizal communities and insect community composition and biomass.
NBC01 Konza Prairie Belowground Plot Experiment: Soil chemistry responses to experimental manipulations of fire, nutrients and mowing
To address the potential interactive effects of fire, aboveground biomass removal, and nutrient amendments on above- and belowground responses, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 1986 as part of the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The general goals of this experiment are: 1) to document both short- and long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, aboveground biomass removal (a surrogate for grazing in these small plots), and nutrient amendments (additions of N and/or P); and 2) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tallgrass prairie responses to fire, aboveground biomass removal and nutrient enrichment. Effects of burning, mowing, and N + P additions on soil chemistry are measured on the 64 belowground plots at irregular intervals. Variables measured include P, NO3, NH4, Mn, Cu, K, Zn, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, ph, Organic matter and Organic-N.
Experimentally manipulated biota over a 30-40d period in two streams with distinctly different macrobiotic assemblages
Here we test the hypothesis that differences in macrobiotic assemblages can lead to differences in the quantity and quality of organic matter in benthic depositional environments among streams in montane Puerto Rico. We experimentally manipulated biota over a 30-40d period in two streams with distinctly different macrobiotic assemblages: one characterized by high densities of omnivorous shrimps (Decapoda: Atyidae and Xiphocarididae) and no predaceous fishes. To incorporate the natural hydrologic regime and to avoid confounding artifacts associated with cage enclosure/exclosure (e.g., high sedimentation), we used electricity as a mechanism for experimental exclusion, in situ. In each stream, shrimps and/or fishes were excluded from specific areas of rock substrata in four pools using electric "fences" attached to solar-powered fence chargers. In the stream lacking predaceous fishes (Sonadora), the unelectrified control treatment was almost exclusively dominated by high densities of omnivorous shrimps that constantly ingested fine particulate material from rock surfaces. Consequently, the control had significantly lower levels of inorganic sediments, organic material, carbon and nitrogen than the exclusion treatment, as well as less variability in these parameters. Tenfold more organic material (as ash-free dry mass, AFDM) and fivefold more nitrogen accrued in shrimp exclosures (10.6 g AFDM/m2, 0.2 g N/m2) than in controls (1.1 g AFDM/m2, 0.04 g N/m2). By reducing th quantity of fine particulate organic material and associated nitrogen in benthic environments, omnivorous shrimps potentially affect the the supply of this important resource to other trophic levels. The small amount of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) that remained in control treatments (composed of sparse algal cells0 was of higher quality than that in shrimp exclosures. This is evidenced by the significantly lower carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio (an indicator of food quality, with relatively low C
Effects of experimental manipulation of light and nutrients on establishment of seedlings of native and invasive woody species in Long Island, NY, USA forests 2000 - 2003
While several studies on the process of invasion often focused on single factors or on the general explanation of ‘disturbance,' recent work has attempted to move towards a more mechanistic understanding of the factors that promote plant community invasion. Manipulative experiments provide a means for discerning causal relationships and interactive effects of environmental factors in promoting invasion. This dataset contains the results of multifactor manipulative experiments in forest communities, which compared factors influencing early seedling establishment for native and invasive woody plants. In an earlier study, we found that in Long Island, NY, invasion patterns are correlated with forest community type (pine barrens or hardwood), light availability, and soil N and Ca. Therefore, we conducted manipulative field experiments in two different years to determine the relative importance and interaction of experimental gaps and N and Ca addition in pine barrens and hardwood forests in promoting invasion. We used seedlings of seven common native and invasive species in the first experiment, and 16 native and invasive species paired phylogenetically in the second experiment. This was done in the years 2000 and 2003 respectively.
Measurements of microbial biomass and activity in two snow manipulation experiments at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest 1998 – 2004
In 1997, as part of a study of the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling (http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_groffman_snow_summary.html), we established eight 10 x 10-m plots located within four stands; two dominated (80%) by sugar maple and two dominated by yellow birch, with one snow reduction (freeze) and one reference plot in each stand. In 2001, we established eight new 10-m x 10-m plots (4 treatment, 4 reference) in four new sites; two high elevation, north facing and two low elevation, south facing maple-beech-birch stands. To establish plots for the “freeze” study, we cleared minor amounts of understory vegetation from all (both freeze and reference) plots (to facilitate shoveling). We then installed soil solution samplers (zero tension lysimeters), thermistors for soil temperature monitoring, water content (time domain) reflectometers (for measuring soil moisture), soil atmosphere sampling probes, minirhizotron access tubes, and trace gas flux measurement chambers (described below). All plots were equipped with dataloggers to allow for continuous monitoring of soil moisture and temperature. Treatments (keep plots snow free by shoveling through the end of January) were applied in the winters of 1997/98, 1998/99, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004. Measurements of soil nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) concentrations, microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, microbial respiration, potential nitrification and N mineralization rates, pH, and denitrification potential were measured on these plots at multiple time points during these studies. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) using funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Fiddler crab and mollusk density in experimentally manipulated tidal creeks off the Rowley River, (Rowley and Ipswich, MA)
Climate change is predicted to shift or extend the range of warm-water species poleward. In 2014, the fiddler crab was observed for the first time at the PIE LTER site in Northeast Massachusetts, which is north of its historical range. Beginning in 2014, density estimates were collected.
Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability: datasets
<p>Publicly available dataset for:</p> <p>N. Ranc, P.R. Moorcroft, K.W. Hansen, F. Ossi, T. Sforna, E. Ferraro, A. Brugnoli & F. Cagnacci. 2020. Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68046-7</p>
Dataset for: An experimental comparison of anomaly detection methods for collaborative robot manipulators
<p>The dataset contains data recordings from a UR5e robot during normal and anomalous operation and is recorded to support the authors Master thesis project and the associated Paper: <em>"An Experimental Comparison of Anomaly Detection Methods for Collaborative Robot Manipulators" </em>(inProceeding).</p> <p>An in-depth description of the dataset can be found in the pdf uploaded with the dataset and an example of a data loader is also provided.</p>
Fig. 1 in Experimental manipulation reveals few subclinical impacts of a parasite community in juvenile kangaroos
Fig. 1. Mean faecal egg counts for control and anthelmintic-treated juvenile eastern grey kangaroos in two periods post-capture (12–33 days) and initial treatment (40– 90 days) at the Anglesea Golf Club, Victoria, Australia, from March to May 2012. Bars indicate standard errors. It was not always possible to sample each individual in each period; numbers on columns indicate sample size for each time period.
Fig. 4 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 4. Differences in the body mass of adult blue tit males by heat treatment of nest boxes and locality. Means ± intervals of confidence at 95% are shown.
Fig. 2 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 2. Blowfly pupae abundance observed in control and heated nests of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in both localities (Spain and Germany). The data presented was controlled for the locality and the interaction between locality and treatment. Means ± intervals of confidence at 95% are shown.
Fig. 3 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 3. Differences in the abundance of Haemoproteus/Plasmodium in blue tit males by treatment and locality. Means ± intervals of confidence at 95% are shown.
Fig. 1 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 1. Daily variation of temperature in nests of blue tits. Temperature is decreasing at 00:00 and lower values for the day are attained close to 8:00 h. Data from two different nests with nestling of 7 days old are represented from A) Spain and B) Germany.
Data from: The experimental manipulation of atmospheric drought: Teasing out the role of microclimate in biodiversity experiments
<p class="MsoNormal">Climate change alters mean global surface temperatures, precipitation regimes, and atmospheric moisture. Resultant drought affects the composition and diversity of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To date, there are no assessments of the combined impacts of reduced precipitation and atmospheric drying on functional trait distributions of any species in an outdoor experiment. Here, we examined whether soil and atmospheric drought affect the functional traits of a focal grass species (<em>Poa secunda)</em> growing in monoculture and 8-species grass communities in outdoor mesocosms. We focused on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, stomatal density, root:shoot ratio, and fine root:coarse root ratio responses. Leaf area and overall growth were reduced with soil drying. Root:shoot ratio only increased for <em>P. secunda</em> growing in monoculture under combined atmospheric and soil drought. Plant energy allocation strategy (measured using principal components) differed when <em>P. secunda</em> was grown in combined soil and atmospheric drought conditions compared with soil drought alone. Given a lack of outdoor manipulations of this kind, our results emphasize the importance of atmospheric drying on functional trait responses more broadly. We suggest that drought methods focused purely on soil water inputs may be imprecisely predicting drought effects on other terrestrial organisms as well (other plants, arthropods, and higher trophic levels).</p>
Evaluating a Kinematic Data Glove with Pressure Sensors to Automatically Differentiate Free Motion from Product Manipulation (Experimental Data)
<p>Experimental data from <em>"Evaluating a kinematic data glove with pressure sensors to automatically differentiate free motion from product manipulation", </em>available at Applied Sciences.</p> <p>"DATA.zip" contains raw data collected using VMG30 and CyberGlove data gloves, in txt format. </p> <p>For further information please see the details in the manuscript or contact the corresponding author Alba Roda-Sales (rodaa@uji.es).</p>
Twenty years of Salix height in response to experimental manipulation of browsing and water table, northern range of Yellowstone National Park
<p>This respository contains multiple datasets collected during a 20 year investigation of the responses of willow (<em>Salix </em>spp.) communities in Yellowstone National Park after the restoration of large carnivores. The study sought to understand whether the restoration of wolves to the food web cause a change in the state of willow communities that occured while wolves were absent. Each dataset has a corresonding file of metadata. </p>
Data from: The experimental manipulation of atmospheric drought: Teasing out the role of microclimate in biodiversity experiments
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Twenty years of Salix height in response to experimental manipulation of browsing and water table, northern range of Yellowstone National Park
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Benthic Chlorophyll and Macroalgae on an Experimentally-manipulated Tidal Flat on the Virginia Coast, 2016-2017
In 2016 a Before-After-Control-Impact experimental design was used to test if the removal of macroalgae from a heavily vegetated mudflat would result in an increase in MPB biomass (Smith 2002). Data Table 1 (BCL_BACIexpa.csv):Benthic chlorophyll samples collected from mudflat where experimental macroalgal removal was conducted. Samples collected haphazardly from 3500 m^2 plots. Sediment cores were 1 cm inner diameter and 2 cm deep. Data Table 2 (BCL_MAMPBa.csv):Survey data where macroalgal mats were sampled and sediment beneath mats sampled for benthic chlorophyll. This data table contains benthic chlorophyll data. Corresponding macroalgal mass data found in MAmass_MAMPBa.csv. Sediment cores were 1 cm inner diameter and 2 cm deep. Three subsamples taken (A,B,C). Data Table 3 (MAmass_MAMPBa.csv): Survey data where macroalgal mats were sampled and sediment beneath mats sampled for benthic chlorophyll. This data table contains macroalgal mass data. Corresponding chlorophyll data found in BCL_MAMPBa.csv
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.