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120 results for “exposure modeling”
EXPOS Model for Estimating Topographic Exposure to Wind
EXPOS is a simple model of topographic exposure to wind that utilizes digital elevation data to predict which points on a landscape are exposed to or protected from a given wind direction. The model was developed to approximate the effects of topography on hurricane wind flow at a landscape scale (~ 10 km). The model requires an accurate digital elevation map and a specified wind direction. Each point on the elevation map is then classified as protected or exposed, depending on whether or not it falls within the wind shadow cast by points upwind. The wind shadow is estimated by assuming that the wind bends downward no more than a fixed inflection angle from the horizontal as it passes over a height of land. The effects of topographic features beyond the margins of the input elevation map are of course not predicted by the model. For a given landscape and wind direction, predicted protected areas decrease in size as the inflection angle increases. Application of the model in studies of two recent hurricanes suggests that the probability of wind damage in protected areas also decreases as the inflection angle increases. An inflection angle of about 5 to 10 degrees was found to give good results. For more information on the EXPOS model, please see the published paper (Boose, E. R., D. R. Foster, and M. Fluet. 1994. Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecological Monographs 64: 369-400). Additional information is contained in the documentation that accompanies the program. For an updated version of the EXPOS model in R and Python, please see HF447.
Pan-European exposure maps and uncertainty estimates from HANZE v2.0 model, 1870-2020
<p>This dataset provides all output data generated in the standard settings of HANZE v2.0 model. The 100-m pan-European maps (GeoTIFF) provide gridded totals of five variables for years 1870-2020 for 42 countries. The rasters are group in five ZIP files:</p> <p>- CLC: land cover/use (Corine Land Cover classification; legend files are included in a separate ZIP)</p> <p>- Pop: population</p> <p>- GDP: gross domestic product (2020 euros)</p> <p>- FA: fixed asset value (2020 euros)</p> <p>- imp: imperviousness density (%)</p> <p>Two additional CSV files contain uncertainty estimates of population, GDP and fixed asset value per NUTS3 region and flood hazard zone. The files provide 5th, 20th, 50th, 80th and 95th percentile for all timesteps, separately for coastal and riverine floods.</p> <p>Two further Excel files contain subnational and national-level statistical data on population, land use and economic variables.</p> <p>For detailed description of the files, see the documentation provided with the code.</p> <p>This version replaces the airport list, which was previously incorrectly taken from HANZE v1, and adds land cover/use legend files for ArcGIS and QGIS.</p>
EXPOS Model for Estimating Topographic Exposure to Wind (R and Python)
The EXPOS model uses a digital elevation model (DEM) to estimate exposed and protected areas for a given hurricane wind direction and inflection angle. The resulting topograhic exposure maps can be combined with output from the HURRECON model to estimate hurricane wind damage across a region. EXPOS is available in R and Python. The R version is available on CRAN as ExposR. The model is an updated version of the original EXPOS model written in Borland Pascal for use with Idrisi (see HF024). For more details and sample datasets, see the project website on GitHub (https://github.com/expos-model).
C2D2: An Open-Source, Pan-European, Harmonised Crop Development Database for Use in Regulatory Pesticide Exposure Modelling and Risk Assessment.
<p>There is a regulatory need for crop development dates to assess current default values used within chemical exposure assessments as well as to justify refinements within risk assessments. However, a readily available pan-European crop phenology database covering key FOCUS (FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their USe) crops and scenarios to meet this need is not currently available. Therefore, we describe the development of a harmonised, pan-European, CropLife Europe Crop Development Database, C2D2, that is fully aligned with this regulatory requirement utilising efficacy trials data generated for regulatory submissions when registering plant protection products under Regulation (EU) 1107/2009. Evaluation of C2D2 against an independent dataset showed good agreement for equivalent time periods, crop growth stages and geographical regions. We illustrate how this database can be used to evaluate existing default crop development dates mandated by regulatory agencies for use within exposure assessments. Despite the large dataset compiled and the geographical coverage of C2D2, not all FOCUSsw/gw scenarios have sufficient data to facilitate comparison, with less significant scenarios, like FOCUSgw Porto, being under-represented. For those scenarios with sufficient data, clear differences between C2D2 and crop development dates assumed in the FOCUS modelling framework (using the AppDate tool) are often indicated over some/many growth stages suggesting that amendment of the existing representation of crop development within the risk assessment process may be required. C2D2 is freely available under a Creative Commons licence to facilitate innovation in exposure science to allow for more accurate and realistic risk assessment leading to enhanced crop and environmental protection.</p>
European Exposure Model Data Repository
<p>A repository of the exposure data used to develop the ESRM20 exposure models.</p> <p>More information available here: <a href="https://eu-risk.eucentre.it/exposure/">https://eu-risk.eucentre.it/exposure/</a></p>
HANZE v2.0 exposure model input data
<p>This dataset provides all input data needed to run HANZE v2.0 model. The two ZIP files need to be downloaded and unpacked in the same directory, which has to be defined in "get_file.py" (variable "main_path" at the beginning of the file). For detailed description of the files, see the documentation provided with the code.</p>
A dataset of global variations in directional solar radiation exposure for ocular research using the libRadtran radiative transfer model
<p>Directional solar photon flux density has particular relevance to eye disease research (keratitis, cataract formation, macula degeneration) because ocular components (cornea, lens, retina) experience different exposures dependent on global location, structural geometry of the eye and human behaviour (Sliney, 1997). The human macula has a field of view of ~17<strong>°</strong>, or 0.06901537 sr (Strasburger, Rentschler & Jüttner, 2011) and its cone of exposure can be modelled at a range of global locations using a radiation transfer model to estimate different directions of irradiation. This dataset provides examples of spectral radiance within the macula field of vision, calculated with the radiative transfer model libRadtran v2.0.3 (Mayer & Kylling, 2005). Three data sets are provided at different latitudes without correction for spectral ocular transmission. Unless otherwise specified, all simulations were parametrized according to local meteorological condition (altitude, pressure, temperature) and atmospheric conditions on the simulated day (aerosol optical density, water column, O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations). The model was parametrized for a subject looking northward toward the ground (-15<strong>°</strong> from horizon), at a height of 170 cm above the ground.</p> <p>For each simulation, a separate file is available for each condition (latitude, time, date, see below) that includes radiance at each wavelength. Radiance values are in mW m<sup>-2</sup> nm<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The technique provides future opportunity to model global exposures of different ocular components to spectral solar irradiance using information on ocular transmission, local terrain, albedo and human behaviour in order to explore their relevance in epidemiological studies of age-related eye disease.</p> <p>For each simulation, a separate file is available for each condition (latitude, time, date, see below) that includes radiance at each wavelength. Radiance values are in mW m<sup>-2</sup> nm<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The technique provides future opportunity to model global exposures of different ocular components to spectral solar irradiance using information on ocular transmission, local terrain, albedo and human behaviour in order to explore their relevance in epidemiological studies of age-related eye disease.</p> <p><em>Simulation 1: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>3 latitudes (61.0: Southern Finland, 50.1 Northern France, 38.0: Central Spain).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>8 cardinal directions (every 45<strong>° </strong>from North).</li> <li>2 aerosol optical densities (0.1 and 2.5).</li> </ul> <p><em>Simulation 2: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 2,500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>3 latitudes (61.0: Southern Finland, 50.1 Northern France, 38.0: Central Spain).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>1 cardinal direction (North).</li> <li>2 aerosol optical densities (0.1 and 2.5).</li> </ul> <p><em>Simulation 3: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>1 latitude (61.0: Southern Finland).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>9 cardinal directions (every 40<strong>° </strong>from North).</li> <li>3 bidirectional reflectance distribution functions for the ground (forest, urban, snow).</li> <li>2 tilt angles for the eye direction (0<strong>° </strong> from horizon or -15<strong>°</strong> from horizon, toward the ground).</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Short- And Long-Term Micro & Nano Particles Exposure to Estuarine Model Species at Variable Salinities
Micro (< 5mm) & Nano (1-1000 nm) plastic (MNP) particles are ubiquitous in the environment and have been shown to have a variety of effects on aquatic organisms. The effects of MNP exposure can vary depending on the type of MNP, the concentration of MNP, the duration of exposure, and the salinity of the water. This study used 5 plastic types including polyester (PE), polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) and tire particles (TP) in two forms, solid plastic particles and microfibers. To assess potential impacts on exposed organisms, early life stages of the estuarine indicator species Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina) and mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) were exposed to three concentrations at micro- and nano-size fractions, and separately to leachate, across a 5-25 PSU salinity gradient. This exposure study was performed in longer term (21 days for Inland Silverside and 28 days for mysid shrimp) and shorter term (4 days for Inland Silverside and 7 days for mysid shrimp). Following MNP exposures of 7d (A. bahia) and 96 h (M. beryllina), behavioral assays were performed post-exposure from each treatment using a Danio Vision Observation Chamber (Noldus, Wageningen, the Netherlands) for the dark: light cycle as described previously (Siddiqui et al., 2022; Siddiqui et al., 2023; Mundy et al., 2021; Segarra et al., 2021). These behavior studies provide important information for risk assessments and policy making that can establish knowledge for MNPs risk.
XIS: A daily spatiotemporal machine-learning model for environmental exposures in the contiguous United States
<p>These Parquet files contain the outputs used for many analyses and plots in the linked papers. For temperature and humidity, the full sets of observations for cross-validation aren't included because we used restricted-use MADIS data.</p>
Details of offspring and source data for analysis of metabolic health and dietary preference in a rat model of acute alcohol exposure.
<p>This Excel file contains information on the number of offspring used to examine each outcome and the raw data for each data Table and Figure within a manuscript submitted to Journal of Physiology. </p>
Model fields supporting the publication "Integrated Assessment of the Risks to Ocean Acidification in the Northern High Latitudes: Regional Comparison of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity of Pelagic Calcifiers"
<p>These are the model outputs supporting the described manuscript. They include monthly averaged output of aragonite saturation state for each year during the 10-year hindcast. Also included is the particle tracking output, for both the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska, as described in the manuscript.</p>
Heterogeneous mosquito exposure increases Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum coinfections: a modelling study
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supporting Data for "Local exposure misclassification in national models: relationships with urban infrastructure and demographics"
<p><strong>Overview:</strong> This dataset accompanies the recent publication "Local exposure misclassification in national models: relationships with urban infrastructure and demographics" (DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00624-z). It provides essential data for replicating and extending the analysis conducted in the study. The script for the analysis is available at https://github.com/SEChambliss-AQ/LD-analysis. The dataset consists of four key files.</p> <p><strong>Files Included:</strong></p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Gridded OSM and GSV Data (gridded_OSM_GSV.RDS):</strong></p> <ul> <li>This R object offers a 100mx100m grid covering select neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area.</li> <li>Each grid cell includes average air pollution levels (Ultrafine Particle Count in thousand count per cubic meter; Nitrogen Dioxide in ppb) from mobile monitoring.</li> <li>The file also provides normalized z-scores of local density of urban infrastructure related to air pollutants based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) data.</li> <li>Further details can be found in the associated publication.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>BartMachine Outputs (bartMachine R objects.zip):</strong></p> <ul> <li>A collection of R object outputs from the bartMachine package, an R-Java Bayesian Additive Regression Trees implementation.</li> <li>These objects, which can be regenerated using the provided script, are included to reduce computational requirements for future analyses.</li> <li>The script for generating these outputs is available at the above <a href="https://github.com/SEChambliss-AQ/LD-analysis">GitHub Repository</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>NO2 Predictions (CACES_criteria.csv):</strong></p> <ul> <li>Land Use Regression (LUR) data for Nitrogen Dioxide, provided by the Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions.</li> <li>Methodologies for integrating these data with the gridded dataset are described in the publication and script.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>UFP Predictions (CACES_UFP.csv):</strong></p> <ul> <li>Similar to the NO2 dataset, this file contains LUR data for Ultrafine Particle predictions.</li> <li>Methods for data integration are detailed in the publication and available script.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Usage:</strong> These files are intended for researchers and analysts aiming to replicate or build upon the study's findings. They provide a source of data for exploring the complex interplay between air pollution, urban infrastructure, and demographic factors in urban environments. For detailed methodology and analysis, refer to the original publication and the accompanying GitHub repository.</p>
Dynamics of leaching of POPs and additives from plastic in a Procellariiform gastric model: Diet and polymer dependent effects and implications for long-term exposure
<p>Procellariiform seabirds are known to have high rates of plastic ingestion. We investigated the bioaccessibility of plastic-associated chemicals [plastic additives and sorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs)] leached from plastic over time using an in vitro Procellariiform gastric model. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly ingested by Procellariiform seabirds, were manufactured with one additive [decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) or bisphenol S (BPS)]. HDPE and PVC added with PBDE-209 were additionally incubated in salt water with 2,4,4'-trichloro-1,1'-biphenyl (PCB-28) and 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-138) to simulate sorption of POPs on plastic in the marine environment. Our results indicate that the type of plastic (nature of polymer and additive), presence of food (i.e., lipids and proteins) and gastric secretions (i.e., pepsin) influence the leaching of chemicals in a seabird. In addition, 100% of the sorbed POPs were leached from the plastic within 100 hours, while only 2-5% of the additives were leached from the matrix within 100 hours, suggesting that the remaining 95% of the additives could continue to be leached. Overall, our study illustrates how plastic type, diet and plastic retention time can influence a Procellariform's exposure risk to plastic-associated chemicals.</p>
Data from: Metabolomic profiles of acute and chronic ambient hydrogen sulfide exposure in a mouse model
<p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is an environmental toxicant of health concern following acute or chronic human exposures. Male 6-8 week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed by whole-body inhalation to 1000 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S for 45 min and euthanized at 5 min and 72 h for acute exposure. For subchronic study, mice were exposed to 5 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. The brainstem was removed for metabolomic analysis. The metabolomics analyses consisted of three assays, (1) primary metabolism by GC-TOF MS, (2) biogenic amines (hydrophilic compounds) by HILIC-MS/MS and (3) lipidomics by RPLC-MS/MS. Metabolomics were performed in West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California at Davis, CA, USA. 348, 311, and 565 known metabolites were detected and analyzed by primary metabolism, biogenic amines, and lipidomic metabolomics assays. 33, 19, and 46 metabolites were increased at 5 min and 72 h post acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposures and subchronic ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposures, respectively, compared to room air control group. 22, 17, and 32 metabolites were decreased at 5 min and 72 h post acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposures and subchronic ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposures, respectively, compared to room air control group. Acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposure decreased excitatory neurotransmitters aspartate and glutamate concentrations while the inhibitory neurotransmitter serotonin was increased. Glutamate and serotonin were also decreased after ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposure. Branched-chain amino acids, fructose, and glucose were increased by acute H<sub>2</sub>S exposure. In ambient H<sub>2</sub>S exposure, glucose was decreased while MUFAs, PUFAs, inosine, and hypoxanthine were increased. Collectively, these results provide important mechanistic clues of acute and subchronic ambient H<sub>2</sub>S poisonings and show that H<sub>2</sub>S alters neurotransmission homeostasis.</p>
Supplemental Data for "Embryonic Exposure to Tryptophan Yields Bullying Victimization via Reprogramming the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in a Chicken Model"
<p>This is data set associated with an article "Embryonic Exposure to Tryptophan Yields Bullying Victimization via Reprogramming the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in a Chicken Model" by Xiaohong Huang, Jiaying Hu, Haining Peng, and Heng-wei Cheng, including Supplemental Table S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6.</p>
Parameters for the modelization of operator, worker, and bystander exposure to pesticides in market gardening areas in Burkina Faso using three international exposure assessment models.
<p>Parameters used for the modelization of operator, worker, and bystander exposure to pesticides in market gardening areas in Burkina Faso using the following exposure assessment models:</p> <p>EFSA 2014: EFSA, 2014. Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products. EFSA J. 12, 3874. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3874</p> <p>HAIR2010: Kruijne, R., Deneer, J.W., Lahr, J., Vlaming, J., 2011. HAIR2010 Documentation: calculating risk indicators related to agricultural use of pesticides within the EU 205.</p> <p>WHO 2011: WHO, 2011. Generic risk assessment model for indoor and outdoor space spraying - WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme 1–72.</p> <p><br> This work was realized in the framework of the research component "Pesticides" (1.2.4) of the 3E program funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).</p> <p><br> Details on algorithm adaptations, scenario definitions and model outputs are available in the PhD thesis of Dr. Edouard Lehmann available from 2018 at https://infoscience.epfl.ch/</p>
Data from: Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
<p>Microplastics have evolutionary and ecological impacts across species, affecting organisms' development, reproduction, and behavior along with contributing to genotoxicity and stress. As plastic pollution is increasing and ubiquitous, gaining a better understanding of organismal responses to microplastics is necessary. Gene methylation is a heritable form of molecular regulation that is influenced by environmental conditions, including exposure to pollutants, therefore determining epigenetic responses to microplastics will reveal potential chronic consequences of this pollutant. We performed an experiment across two generations of fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>) to elucidate transgenerational effects of microplastic exposure. We exposed the first generation of fish to four different treatments of microplastics: two concentrations of each of pre-consumer polyethylene (PE) and PE collected from Lake Ontario. We then raised the second generation from these parents with no microplastic exposure. We used reduced-representation methylation sequencing on adult liver tissue and homogenized larvae to evaluate DNA methylation differences among treatments, sexes, and generations. Our findings show the origin of the plastic had a larger effect in female minnows whereas the effect of concentration was stronger in the males. We also observed transgenerational effects, highlighting a mechanism in which parents can pass on the effects of microplastic exposure to their offspring. Many of the differentially methylated genes found in our analyses are known to interact with estrogenic chemicals associated with plastic and are related to metabolism. This study highlights the persistent and potentially serious impacts of microplastic pollution on gene regulation in freshwater systems.</p>
Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires using a Network of Low-cost PM2.5 sensors and a regional air quality model - Model Simulation Data
<p>WRF-Chem simulated daily mean PM2.5 concentrations for:</p> <p>1) with fires </p> <p>2) without fires</p> <p>simulations. </p>
Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires using a Network of Low-cost PM2.5 sensors and a regional air quality model - Purple Air data
<p>Daily mean PM2.5 concentrations collected by Purple Air sensors between 2023-08-16 and 2023-12-01. Concentrations have been RH adjusted using the Nilson et al (2022) adjustment. </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.