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29 results for “exposure rates”
Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild
<ol> <li>In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand and predict the capacity of populations to respond to rising temperatures. Metabolic rate is a key trait that is likely to influence the ability to cope with climate change. Yet, empirical and theoretical work on metabolic rate responses to temperature changes has so far produced mixed results and conflicting predictions.</li> <li>Our study addresses this issue using a novel approach of comparing fish populations in geothermally warmed lakes and adjacent ambient-temperature lakes in Iceland. This unique 'natural experiment' provides repeated and independent examples of populations experiencing contrasting thermal environments for many generations over a small geographic scale, thereby avoiding the confounding factors associated with latitudinal or elevational comparisons. Using Icelandic sticklebacks from three warm and three cold habitats, we measured individual metabolic rates across a range of acclimation temperatures to obtain reaction norms for each population.</li> <li>We found a general pattern for a lower standard metabolic rate in sticklebacks from warm habitats when measured at a common temperature, as predicted by Krogh's rule. Metabolic rate differences between warm- and cold-habitat sticklebacks were more pronounced at more extreme acclimation temperatures, suggesting the release of cryptic genetic variation upon exposure to novel conditions, which can reveal hidden evolutionary potential. We also found a stronger divergence in metabolic rate between thermal habitats in allopatry than sympatry, indicating that gene flow may constrain physiological adaptation when dispersal between warm and cold habitats is possible.</li> <li>In sum, our study suggests that fish may diverge toward a lower standard metabolic rate in a warming world, but this might depend on connectivity and gene flow between different thermal habitats.</li> </ol>
TG 91: Radiation Risk Inference at Low-Dose and Low-Dose Rate Exposure for Radiological Protection Purposes
<p>The detriment-adjusted nominal risk coefficients recommended by ICRP have been based, to a large extent, on data obtained from the atomic bomb survivors in Japan. ICRP introduced a Dose and Dose-Rate Effectiveness Factor (DDREF) of 2 to include in calculations of these risk coefficients for application at the low doses and low-dose rate exposures typical in radiological protection. The DDREF was included to account for the survivors’ single acute exposure, and because a linear quadratic instead of a linear risk to dose response was thought to be the most plausible biological model.</p> <p>This paper summarizes the recent work of ICRP Task Group 91 on this topic. Task Group activities have included reviews of the history of low-dose and low-dose-rate effects, various exposure scenarios and their doses and dose rates, radiation-induced effects at the molecular, cellular, animal, and human level, and biologically-based mechanistic models of carcinogenesis. The Task Group performed a meta-analysis of low-dose-rate epidemiological studies, and re-analyses of published results on radiation-induced effects among animal models and among Japanese atomic bomb survivors.</p>
Filtration rate of Calanus finmarhicus at medio (day five) tefluenzuron exposure period.
<p>Data registrations of filtration rate from Calanus finmarchicus were measured as particles/ml water sample from exposure study with teflubenzuron sampled on day five. </p>
Microscopy images - "An elevated rate of whole-genome duplications associated with carcinogen exposure in Black cancer patients"
<p>This repository contains microscopy data from the manuscript "An elevated rate of whole-genome duplications associated with carcinogen exposure in Black cancer patients" by Leanne M. Brown, Ryan A. Hagenson, Tilen Koklič, Iztok Urbančič, Janez Strancar, and Jason M. Sheltzer (preprint: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298349; accepted for publication in Nature Communications).</p> <p> </p> <p>Each zip contains the set of images from individual multi-channel multi-position time-lapse experiment with different combinations of cells exposed to one nanomaterial. Files are named as: IMGxxxx_[ExperimentCode]_ROIxx_tile[TileNumber]_[Channel]_[CellType]_t[Timepoint].tif, where each of the varying elements in [..] denotes the following:</p> <ul> <li>[ExperimentCode]: tells which material the cells were exposed to - see decoding table in the file "material-codes.xlsx"</li> <li>[TileNumber]: two xy-tiles per condition</li> <li>[Channel]: cytoplasm of epi cells (LA4), membrane (MEM), cytoplasm of imu cells and tubulin (MHSTUB), nanomaterial (NANO)</li> <li>[CellType]: mono-culture of lung epithelial cells (epi), their coculture with macrophages (epiimu)</li> <li>[Timepoint]: consecutive number of the frame in the time-lapse</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Quantification of gamma radiation exposure and radon/thoron exhalation rates in representative building materials in Ireland
<p>Data, models, mapsa nd publication produced during the postdoctoral fellowship: EPSPD/2022/141 </p>
Impact of short- and long-term exposure to elevated seawater pCO2 on metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance in Octopus rubescens
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Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild
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Multigenerational exposure to increased temperature reduces metabolic rate but increases boldness in Gambusia affinis
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Data from: Cold adaptation increases rates of nutrient flow and metabolic plasticity during cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
Metabolic flexibility is an important component of adaptation to stressful environments, including thermal stress and latitudinal adaptation. A long history of population genetic studies suggest that selection on core metabolic enzymes may shape life histories by altering metabolic flux. However, the direct relationship between selection on thermal stress hardiness and metabolic flux has not previously been tested. We investigated flexibility of nutrient catabolism during cold stress in Drosophila melanogaster artificially selected for fast or slow recovery from chill coma (i.e. cold-hardy or -susceptible), specifically testing the hypothesis that stress adaptation increases metabolic turnover. Using 13C-labelled glucose, we first showed that cold-hardy flies more rapidly incorporate ingested carbon into amino acids and newly synthesized glucose, permitting rapid synthesis of proline, a compound shown elsewhere to improve survival of cold stress. Second, using glucose and leucine tracers we showed that cold-hardy flies had higher oxidation rates than cold-susceptible flies before cold exposure, similar oxidation rates during cold exposure, and returned to higher oxidation rates during recovery. Additionally, cold-hardy flies transferred compounds among body pools more rapidly during cold exposure and recovery. Increased metabolic turnover may allow cold-adapted flies to better prepare for, resist and repair/tolerate cold damage. This work illustrates for the first time differences in nutrient fluxes associated with cold adaptation, suggesting that metabolic costs associated with cold hardiness could invoke resource-based trade-offs that shape life histories.
Supplementary material 1 from: Di Lorenzo T, Di Marzio W, Piccini L, Messana G, Sáenz M, Galassi D (2018) Survival, metabolic rates and locomotory activities of a groundwater-obligate copepod species under long-term exposures to tetrachloroethylene. ARPHA Conference Abstracts 1: e29966. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.1.e29966
Survival, metabolic rates and locomotory activities of a groundwater-obligate copepod species under long-term exposures to tetrachloroethylene
High rates of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in California Barred Owls
<p>Pesticide use is pervasive and the exposure of non-target wildlife has been well documented over the past half century. Among pesticides, anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) have emerged as a particularly important threat in forests of the western United States, with exposure and mortality reported for several species of conservation concern. To further quantify this threat, we collected specimens of Barred Owls (<i>Strix varia</i>) and Barred Owl x Spotted Owl hybrids from the Klamath and Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada in California, USA to use as indicator species for environmental contamination with AR and to infer exposure of closely related and ecologically similar Northern and California Spotted Owls (<i>S. occidentalis caurina, and S. o. occidentalis, </i>respectively). We tested 115 Barred Owl and 12 Barred Owl x Spotted Owl hybrid livers for eight AR compounds and found high rates of exposure (62%) across our study area, and greater than previous studies in the Pacific Northwest. In addition, we sampled seven ovaries from seven females and 100% tested positive for AR. Female Barred Owls were more likely than males to be exposed (78% and 50%, respectively). Unlike previous studies, we found no clear link between illegal cannabis cultivation and AR exposure. However, Barred Owls sampled in proximity to the wildland-urban interface (WUI) were more likely to be exposed to AR. Though the exact source (e.g., cannabis cultivation or application around human dwellings) and location is unknown, the association of AR exposure with the WUI was supported from GPS data from Barred Owls, Northern and California Spotted Owls, and hybrids using the WUI for foraging. The high rate of AR exposure in Barred Owls and hybrids provides mounting evidence of an additional stressor that ARs may pose to Spotted Owls – including the first evidence for California Spotted Owls – and fauna native to western forest ecosystems.</p>
Effect of Plasmodium Falciparum Exposure and Sickle Cell Trait on Infection Rates and Kinetics After IV Administration of PfSPZ Challenge
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02237586. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study Comparing a Shorter Exposure of Oocyte to Spermatozoa Versus a Standard Incubation on the Live Birth Rate of In-vitro Fertilization Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02534857. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Effects of Exposure to Biomass-burning Air Pollution on Lung Function, Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Markers in Sugarcane Workers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01371188. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
High rates of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in California Barred Owls
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Data from: Cold adaptation increases rates of nutrient flow and metabolic plasticity during cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
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Past insecticide exposure reduces bee reproduction and population growth rate
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Data from: Prey‐specific impact of cold pre‐exposure on kill rate and reproduction
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Preconception Paternal Alcohol Exposure Decreases IVF Embryo Survival and Pregnancy Success Rates in a Mouse Model
GEO Series GSE214726. Mus musculus. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Time- and dose rate-related effects of internal 177Lu exposure on gene expression in mouse kidney tissue
GEO Series GSE53164. Mus musculus. 72 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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