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10 results for “extra-pair copulation”
Extra-pair copulations can insure female blue tits against male infertility
Mating outside the pair-bond occurs frequently in socially monogamous birds, but the benefits that females gain from this behaviour remain debated. One hypothesis is that females engage in extra-pair copulations (EPCs) to ensure that their clutch is fertilised in case their own mate is infertile, but evidence for this idea is scarce. We report on a case of an infertile male blue tit that bred in three successive years with three different females. In the first year, all eggs were sired by an extra-pair male whereas in the second year all eggs were unfertilised and contained no sperm. In the third year, the female produced two clutches that were fertilised by an extra-pair male, but - unlike 'normal' clutches - sperm numbers on the perivitelline membrane decreased rapidly over the laying sequence. Our findings show that blue tit females mated to an infertile male can escape reproductive failure by engaging in EPCs and support previous suggestions that EPCs in blue tits cease after the onset of egg laying.
Figure 1 in Report of an extra-pair copulation in the Rufous Hornero, Furnarius rufus (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 1. Chronology of records of within-pair and extra-pair copulations involving two pairs of Rufous Horneros that inhabited adjacent territories. (A) WPC between members of the Territorial Pair; (B) Territorial Pair foraging outside its territory; (C) The male neighbor chases the territorial male away from its territory; (D) The male neighbor copulates with the territorial female (i.e., EPC). The yellow line indicates the border separating the Territorial Pair (red) and the Neighbor Pair (blue). Image source: Google Earth.
Data from: ultimate drivers of forced extra-pair copulations in birds lacking penises: jackdaws as a case-study
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Data from: Genetic Monogamy despite frequent extra-pair Copulations in “strictly monogamous” wild Jackdaws
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Extra-pair copulations can insure female blue tits against male infertility
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The evolutionary genetics of paternal care: how good genes and extra-pair copulation affect the trade-off between paternal care and mating success
<p>We investigate the evolution of a gene for paternal care, with pleiotropic effects on male mating fitness and offspring viability, with and without extra pair copulations (EPCs). We develop a population genetic model to examine how pleiotropic effects of a male mating advantage and paternal care are affected by 'good genes' and EPCs. Using this approach, we show that the relative effects of each on fitness do not always predict the evolutionary change. We then find the line of combinations of mating success and paternal care that bisects the plane of possible values into regions of positive or negative gene frequency change. This line shifts when either good genes or EPCs are introduced, thereby expanding or contracting the region of positive gene frequency change and significantly affecting the evolution of paternal care. Predictably, a direct viability effect of 'good genes' that enhances offspring viability constrains or expands the parameter space over which paternal care can evolve, depending on whether the viability effect is associated with the paternal care allele or not. In either case, the effect of a 'good gene' that enhances offspring viability is substantial; when strong enough, it can even facilitate the evolution of <i>poor</i>paternal care, where males harm their young. When non-random mating is followed by random EPCs, the genetic regression between sire and offspring is reduced and, consequently, the relative strengths of selection are skewed away from paternal care and toward the male mating advantage. However, when random mating is followed by non-random EPCs, a situation called "trading up" by females, we show that selection is skewed in the opposite direction, away from male mating advantage and toward paternal care across the natural range of EPC frequencies.</p>
Data from: Experimental extra-pair copulations provide proof of concept for fertility insurance in a socially monogamous bird
<p><span>Extra-pair paternity is common among socially monogamous birds, but whether females benefit from having extra-pair copulations remains unresolved. In this study I staged single extra-pair copulations in captive pairs of socially monogamous Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>), and used extra-pair males of different colour to identify extra-pair fertilisations. This </span><span>eliminated among-female variation in extra-pair copulations as a source of variation in extra-pair fertilisations, and tested whether a single extra-pair copulation would insure against infertility of the social male. Overall, the probability of extra-pair fertilisation was 0.46 for the first egg that was fertilised after extra-pair copulation, but this rapidly declined over consecutive eggs in the laying sequence. However, a single extra-pair copulation was effective in ensuring fertilisation of the majority of a typical clutch in the few cases were the social male was completely infertile. Hence, my results show that variation in extra-pair paternity can be independent from variation in extra-pair copulation behaviour, and that a single, strategically timed, extra-pair copulation can largely insure against social male infertility. Among-female variation in extra-pair fertilisations, and their declining probability over the laying sequence, as typical for many bird species, can thus, in principle, be parsimoniously explained by a uniform female fertility insurance strategy.</span></p>
Data from: Experimental extra-pair copulations provide proof of concept for fertility insurance in a socially monogamous bird
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The evolutionary genetics of paternal care: how good genes and extra-pair copulation affect the trade-off between paternal care and mating success
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Data from: Non-adaptive female pursuit of extra-pair copulations can evolve through hitchhiking
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