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56 results for “extreme heat”
Data of paper "Global supply chains amplify economic costs of future extreme heat risk"
<p>This is the database of articles "Global supply chains amplify economic costs of future extreme heat risk". The database contains the number of deaths caused by future heat waves in regions around the world under different SSP scenarios (e.g. SSP119, SSP245, SSP585), as well as global health losses, labor losses, and indirect losses as a percentage of regional or sectoral value added under different SSP scenarios. The regions of the database are aggregated using the GTAP 141 aggregating schema.</p>
Elevated increase in compound extreme heat-precipitation events over China
<p>This file contains the fractions (in percentage) of the compound extreme precipitation events that are preceded by an extreme heat event in China during 1961-2017. The compound events are identified based on the CN05.1 dataset at 0.5x0.5 resolution. Please contact us with any questions or concerns (email: luo.ming@hotmail.com).</p>
Increased impact of heat domes on 2021-like heat extremes in North America under global warming
<p>The key codes and processed data for the paper.</p>
Data from: Extreme heat reduces host and parasite performance in a butterfly-parasite interaction
<p>Environmental temperature fundamentally shapes insect physiology, fitness, and interactions with parasites. Differential climate warming effects on host versus parasite biology could exacerbate or inhibit parasite transmission, with far-reaching implications for pollination services, biocontrol, and human health. Here, we experimentally test how controlled temperatures influence multiple components of host and parasite fitness in monarch butterflies (<em>Danaus plexippus</em>) and their protozoan parasites <em>Ophryocystis elektroscirrha</em>. Using five constant temperature treatments spanning 18-34°C, we measured monarch development, survival, size, immune function, and parasite infection status and intensity. Monarch size and survival declined sharply at 34°C, as did infection probability, suggesting that hot temperatures decrease both host and parasite performance. The lack of infection at 34°C was not due to greater host immunity or faster larval development but could instead reflect the thermal limits of parasite invasion and within-host replication. In the context of ongoing climate change, our experiment suggests that temperature increases above the upper thermal range will reduce the fitness of both monarchs and their parasites, with lower infection rates potentially mitigating the impact of extreme heat on future monarch abundance and distribution.</p>
Future Projections of Temperature Extremes and Urban Heat Island in Paris using Deep Learning
<p>Future projections of 2-meter maximum and minimum temperature and land surface temperature in Paris, France, using Deep Learning, under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. ERA5 and GCM ensemble data at their original resolution are also included. The DL (Convolutional Neural Network) model architecture and trained weights are also available. The Python script to generate the boxplots of the future projections is also included.</p>
Model data used for the paper: "Heat extremes driven by amplification of phase-locked circumglobal waves forced by topography in an idealized atmospheric model"
<p>Atmospheric model output to reproduce the results of the study: "<strong>Heat Extremes Driven by Amplification of Phase-Locked Circumglobal Waves Forced by Topography in an Idealized Atmospheric Model" </strong>published in Geophysical Research letters.<br> <br> Authors: B. Jiménez-Esteve. K. Kornhuber and D. I.V. Domeisen <br> <br> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096337">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096337</a><br> <br> For more information about the model setup and the design of the experiments please refer to the above publication.</p>
Data from: Extreme heat reduces host and parasite performance in a butterfly-parasite interaction
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Urban heat island conditions experienced by the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus): extreme heat slows development but results in behavioral accommodations
Herein lies data on urban h eat island conditions for black widow spiders across the CAP study area. It also includes data on the development speed and behavioral responses of spiders reared in the lab at these UHI temperatures. The urban heat island (UHI) effect describes the capture of heat by built structures (e.g. asphalt), resulting in elevated urban temperatures. The UHI is a well-studied phenomenon, but only a handful of studies have investigated trait-based shifts resulting from the UHI, and even fewer have attempted to quantify the magnitude of the UHI experienced at the microclimate scale. Here, using a common urban exploiter, the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus), we show that the UHI experienced by spiders in July in their urban Phoenix, AZ refuges is 6 degrees C hotter (33 degrees C) than conditions in the refuges of spiders from Sonoran Desert habitat outside of Phoenix-area development (27 degrees C). We then use this field microclimate UHI estimate to compare the development speed, mass gain and mortality of replicate siblings from 36 urban lineages reared at temperatures that reflect urban and desert habitats. We show that extreme heat is slowing the growth of spiderlings and increasing mortality. In contrast, we show that development of male spiders to their penultimate moult is accelerated by 2 weeks. Lastly, in terms of behavioral shifts, UHI temperatures caused late-stage juvenile male spiders to heighten their foraging voracity and late-stage juvenile female spiders to curtail their web-building behavior.
High water use in desert plants exposed to extreme heat
<p>Many plant water use models predict leaves maximize carbon assimilation while minimizing water loss via transpiration. Alternate scenarios may occur at high temperature, including heat avoidance, where leaves increase water loss to evaporatively cool regardless of carbon uptake; or heat failure, where leaves non-adaptively lose water also regardless of carbon uptake. We hypothesized that these alternative scenarios are common in species exposed to hot environments, with heat avoidance more common in species with high construction-cost leaves. Diurnal measurements of leaf gas exchange and temperature for 11 Sonoran Desert species revealed 37% of these species increased transpiration in the absence of increased carbon uptake. High leaf mass per area partially predicted this behavior (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>=0.39). These data are consistent with heat avoidance and heat failure, but failure is less likely given the ecological dominance of the focal species. These behaviors are not yet captured in any extant plant water use model.</p> <p> </p>
Photosynthetic heat tolerances and extreme leaf temperatures
<p>Photosynthetic heat tolerances (PHTs) have several potential applications including predicting which species will be most vulnerable to climate change. Given that plants exhibit unique thermoregulatory traits that influence leaf temperatures, and that leaf temperatures can be decoupled from ambient air temperatures, we hypothesized that PHTs should be correlated to extreme leaf temperature as opposed to air temperatures.<b> </b>We measured thermoregulatory traits, maximum leaf temperatures (T<sub>MO</sub>), and two metrics of PHTs (T<sub>crit</sub> and T<sub>50</sub>) for 19 plant species growing in Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (Coral Gables, FL, USA). Thermoregulatory traits measured at the Garden were used to parameterize a leaf energy balance model to predict maximum in situ leaf temperatures (T<sub>MIS</sub>) across the geographic distributions of 13 species. T<sub>MO</sub> and T<sub>MIS</sub> were positively correlated with T<sub>50</sub> but were not correlated with T<sub>crit</sub>. The breath of species' thermal safety margins (the difference between T<sub>50</sub> and leaf temperatures) was negatively correlated with T<sub>50</sub>. Our results provide observational and theoretical support for the hypothesis that PHTs may be adaptations to extreme leaf temperature, but refute the assumption that species with higher PHTs are less susceptible to thermal damage. We introduce a novel method for studying plant ecophysiology by incorporating biophysical and species distribution models.</p>
Data and code for: "Large reductions in tropical bird abundance attributable to heat extreme intensification "
<p>Data and code necessary to reproduce results of paper:</p> <p>Large reductions in tropical bird abundance attributable to heat extreme intensification</p> <p>By Maximilan Kotz, Tatsuya Amanon and James Watson.</p> <p>Please contact maximilian.kotz@bsc.es / maxkotz@pik-potsdam.de for questions.</p> <p> </p>
Data and code for replication of: "Global warming and heat extremes to exacerbate inflationary pressures. M. Kotz, F. Kuik, E. Liz, C. Nickel. Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2023)."
<p>This repository contains secondary data and code necessary to reproduce the results of the manuscript:</p><p>Global warming and heat extremes to exacerbate inflationary pressures.</p><p>M. Kotz, F. Kuik, E. Liz, C. Nickel. Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2023).</p><p> </p><p>For further information please contact: maxkotz@pik-potsdam.de</p><p> </p><p>This document contains:</p><p>1. An outline of the data included in the repository.</p><p>2. An outline of the code included in the repository.</p><p> </p><p>See the README for further details.</p><p> </p><p>Credit and thanks go to Miles Parker, Chiara Osbat and Emanuele Franceschi for compiling the inflation data which is used in this study. Inflation data provided here has been anonymised (countries shuffled and names replaced by random letter combinations) to enable reproduction of our results, while limiting further use. Moreover, inflation in terms of the change in the logarithm of prices is included, whereas the level of price indices are excluded. For full inflation data please see the forthcoming publication by Miles Parker, Chiara Osbat,and Emanuele Franceschi (contact Miles.Parker@ecb.europa.eu for further enquiries into the raw inflation data).</p>
Data and Scripts for "Temperature Extremes and Human Health in Cyprus Investigating the Impact of Heat and Cold Waves"_Version 2
<p>This folder contains the R data and scripts required for reproducing the results of the manuscript "Temperature Extremes and Human Health in Cyprus: Investigating the Impact of Heat and Cold Waves". (Version2)</p>
Data for publication of "Gaussian process regression-based Bayesian optimisation (G-BO) of model parameters - a WRF model case study of southeast Australia heat extremes"
<p>Implementation of Gaussian process regression-based Bayesian optimisation (G-BO) using the emcee package (<a href="https://emcee.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" rel="nofollow">https://emcee.readthedocs.io/en/stable/</a>).</p> <p>For more information about the implementation of G-BO in optimising the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model parameters, please refer to the paper - <a href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.171292045.52489731" rel="nofollow">Gaussian process regression-based Bayesian optimisation (G-BO) of model parameters - a WRF model case study of southeast Australia heat extremes</a>.</p> <p><code>G-BO_script.ipynb</code> implements the GPR-based Bayesian optimisation using the Affine Invariant Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Ensemble sampler.</p> <ul> <li><strong>QMC_sobol_samples</strong>: This file contains the 128 parameter samples across the parameter space of three sensitive parameters utilizing the Quasi Monte-Carlo (QMC) Sobol sequence design.</li> <li><strong>nmae_all_128_ens_T_Rh</strong>: This file contains the normalised mean absolute error (NMAE) values of temperature (T) and relative humidity (Rh) of the 128 parameter sample WRF simulations. For more details, please refer to <a href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.171292045.52489731" rel="nofollow">this link</a>.</li> </ul>
El Niño Enhances Exposure to Humid Heat Extremes with Regionally Varying Impacts during Eastern vs Central Pacific Events
<p><span>Humid heat extremes, characterized by high wet bulb temperature (Tw), pose significant health risks. While strong El Niño events are known to affect the frequency of extreme Tw days, the distinct impacts of Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events remain understudied. Using a 12-member CMIP6 ensemble at discrete global warming targets (+1.5˚C, 2˚C, 3˚C, 4˚C), this study shows progressively enhanced humid heat exposure during EP events primarily in Mainland Southeast Asia, while South Asia experiences regionally opposing effects from EP and CP events. EP and CP events expose distinct, regionally varying areas to dangerous Tw, yet both significantly amplify population and area exposure to humid heat extremes at all global warming levels. This amplification surpasses the impact of an additional degree of global warming, highlighting El Niño’s compounding effect on heat stress threats across warmer climates.</span> <br><a name="_msocom_1"></a></p>
Extreme heat and heatwaves are linked to the risk of unintentional child injuries in Guangzhou city
<p>This repository holds source data for the manuscript figures, which are available as Excel files.</p>
Comparing the Influence of Global Warming and Urban Anthropogenic Heat on Extreme Precipitation in Urbanized Pearl River Delta Area Based on WRF Dynamical Downscaling
<p>The simulation outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) v3.8.1 coupled with single layer urban canopy model from three experiments (HIST_AH300, HIST_AH0, and RCP85_AH300).</p> <p>Variables include hourly precipitation, wind, specific humidity, relative humidity, convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, temperature, model height, land use land cover, and topography.</p> <p> </p>
Heat tolerance limits of Mediterranean songbirds and their current and future vulnerabilities to temperature extremes
<p>Songbirds are one of the groups most vulnerable to extreme heat events. Although several recent studies have assessed their physiological responses to heat, most of them have focused on arid-zone species solely. We investigated thermoregulatory responses to heat in eight small-sized songbirds occurring in the Mediterranean Basin, where heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense. Specifically, we determined their heat tolerance limits (HTL) and evaporative cooling efficiency and evaluated their current and future vulnerabilities to heat in southwestern Iberia, a Mediterranean climate warming hotspot. To do this, we exposed birds to an increasing profile of air temperatures (Ta) and measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL), evaporative cooling efficiency (the ratio between evaporative heat loss and metabolic heat production) and body temperature (Tb). HTL ranged between 40 and 46°C across species, and all species showed rapid increases in RMR, EWL and Tb in response to increasing Ta. However, only the crested lark Galerida cristata achieved an evaporative cooling efficiency greater than 1. The studied songbirds currently experience summer Ta maxima that surpass their upper critical temperatures of their thermoneutral zone and even their HTL. Our estimates indicated that five of the eight species will experience moderate risk of lethal dehydration by the end of the century. We argue that the limited heat tolerance and evaporative cooling efficiency of small-sized Mediterranean songbirds make them particularly vulnerable to heatwaves, which will be exacerbated under future climate change scenarios.</p>
Photosynthetic heat tolerances and extreme leaf temperatures
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Data from: Look to seedling heights, rather than functional traits, to explain survival during extreme heat stress in the early stages of subtropical rainforest restoration
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.