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8 results for “extreme heat events”
Elevated increase in compound extreme heat-precipitation events over China
<p>This file contains the fractions (in percentage) of the compound extreme precipitation events that are preceded by an extreme heat event in China during 1961-2017. The compound events are identified based on the CN05.1 dataset at 0.5x0.5 resolution. Please contact us with any questions or concerns (email: luo.ming@hotmail.com).</p>
El Niño Enhances Exposure to Humid Heat Extremes with Regionally Varying Impacts during Eastern vs Central Pacific Events
<p><span>Humid heat extremes, characterized by high wet bulb temperature (Tw), pose significant health risks. While strong El Niño events are known to affect the frequency of extreme Tw days, the distinct impacts of Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events remain understudied. Using a 12-member CMIP6 ensemble at discrete global warming targets (+1.5˚C, 2˚C, 3˚C, 4˚C), this study shows progressively enhanced humid heat exposure during EP events primarily in Mainland Southeast Asia, while South Asia experiences regionally opposing effects from EP and CP events. EP and CP events expose distinct, regionally varying areas to dangerous Tw, yet both significantly amplify population and area exposure to humid heat extremes at all global warming levels. This amplification surpasses the impact of an additional degree of global warming, highlighting El Niño’s compounding effect on heat stress threats across warmer climates.</span> <br><a name="_msocom_1"></a></p>
Data from: Developmental timing of extreme temperature events (heat waves) disrupts host-parasitoid interactions
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Range-wide responses to an extreme heat event in <em>Mimulus cardinalis</em>
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Resilience of rhizosphere microbial predators and their prey communities after an extreme heat event
<div class="WordSection1"> <ul> <li><span>Climate change is known to disrupt aboveground food chains when the various trophic layers respond differently to warming. However, little is known about belowground food chains involving microbial preys and their predators. Here, we study how climate warming- induced heat shocks influence resistance (change immediately after a disturbance) and resilience (ability to recover back to pre-disturbance levels) in rhizosphere microbial communities.</span></li> <li><span>We used three species of rhizosphere protists as microbial predators and six different rhizosphere bacterial communities as their prey. Protist species and bacterial communities were extracted from <i>Centaurea stoebe – </i>a range-expanding plant species in the Northern Europe. We then examined the temporal dynamics of protists and bacterial communities after an extreme heat event for several generations with sufficient recovery periods. We hypothesized that bacterial community resistance and resilience after the extreme heat event would be higher particularly when extreme heat effects would negatively affect their predators. </span></li> <li><span>Our results show that prey community biomass was strongly reduced after the extreme heat event and persisted with lower biomass throughout the recovery period. Opposite to what was expected, predators showed negligible changes in their density after the same heat event. However, abundances of the three predators varied markedly in their temporal dynamics independent of the extreme heat event. Extreme heat event further increased the inactive density of one of the predators, whereas another predator showed a decline in its body size owing to extreme heat event. Bacterial community resistance and resilience after the extreme heat event were independent of predators, although species-specific effects of predators on bacterial community resilience were different only in the last week of recovery. Predator resilience (based on active predator density) also varied among the three predators but converged over time. </span></li> <li><span><span>Our results highlight that extreme heat events can be more detrimental to microbial prey communities than microbial predators when microbial predators can exhibit thermal acclimation (e.g. change in body size or become inactive) to overcome heat stress. Such thermal acclimation may promote predator resilience after extreme heat events. </span></span></li> </ul> </div> <p> </p>
Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020
<p>The time series of extreme events given by Lange et al has been processed into an annual probability of occurrence by researchers at the University of Oxford, using the pipeline available online at <a href="https://github.com/nismod/isimip-exposure">https://github.com/nismod/isimip-exposure</a> - this is a draft dataset, used for visualisation in <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://global.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> but not otherwise reviewed or published.<br><br>If you use this, please cite: Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI 10.1029/2020EF001616<br><br>This is shared under a CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0) When using ISIMIP data for your research, please appropriately credit the data providers, e.g. either by citing the DOI for the dataset, or by appropriate acknowledgment.<br><br>Annual probability of drought (soil moisture below a baseline threshold) or extreme heat (temperature and humidity-based indicators over a threshold) events on a 0.5° grid. 8 hydrological models forced by 4 GCMs under baseline, RCP 2.6 & 6.0 emission scenarios. Current and future maps in 2030, 2050 and 2080.<br><br>The ISIMIP2b climate input data and impact model output data analyzed in this study are available in the ISIMIP data repository at ESGF, see <a href="https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=input">https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=input</a> and <a href="https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=output">https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=output</a>, respectively. More information about the GHM, GGCM, and GVM output data is provided by Gosling et al. (2020), Arneth et al. (2020), and Reyer et al. (2019), respectively.<br><br>Event definitions are given in Lange et al, table 1. Land area is exposed to drought if monthly soil moisture falls below the 2.5th percentile of the preindustrial baseline distribution for at least seven consecutive months. Land area is exposed to extreme heat if both a relative indicator based on temperature (Russo et al 2015, 2017) and an absolute indicator based on temperature and relative humidity (Masterton & Richardson, 1979) exceed their respective threshold value.</p> <p>Population exposure is calculated as annual expected population directly exposed to the occurrence of extreme heat or drought events, assuming any population directly within the footprint of an event is exposed, but not otherwise taking any other risk-mitigating or -propagating factors into account.</p> <p>Population is held constant at 2020 levels, using the JRC GHSL GHS-POP R2023A release, which can be cited as Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023) GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030).European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe"> http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE">10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE</a> and for the concept and methodology, Freire S., MacManus K., Pesaresi M., Doxsey-Whitfield E., Mills J. (2016) Development of new open and free multi-temporal global population grids at 250 m resolution. Geospatial Data in a Changing World; Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe (AGILE), AGILE 2016</p> <h3>Updates</h3> <p>2024-06-11: New draft with corrected aggregate population, created using https://github.com/nismod/isimip-exposure/tree/fcfbeff6778f697a5a470ac20dd912fd426a7f98</p>
Resilience of rhizosphere microbial predators and their prey communities after an extreme heat event
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Data from: Extreme heat events and the vulnerability of endemic montane fishes to climate change
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