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14 results for “failed predation”
FIGURE 2. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 2. CMM-V-10108, a Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra associated with the one shown in Figures 5 and 6. A. Anterior view showing a major shear-compression fracture with comminution. B. right lateral view, and C. posterior view showing the intact fused epiphysis.
FIGURE 3. CMM-V-10108 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 3. CMM-V-10108, shear-fractured Miocene cetacean lumbar vertebra in three transverse CT-scan images. These CT-scan images cut through the vertebra in an anterodorsal-posteroventral direction. A. CT-scan image through the anterior portion of the vertebra showing the wide-open lumen of the shear-compression fracture. B. CT-scan image from approximately 1 cm behind A, showing the thickness of the periosteal reactive bone layer. C. CT-image at about the midpoint in the length of the vertebra showing the posterior-most part of the sheared base of the centrum compressed (telescoped) into the body of the centrum.
FIGURE 7. CMM-V-8522 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 7. CMM-V-8522, Otodus megalodon lower anterior tooth in labial view. This tooth was found touching one of the two pathological vertebrae (CMM-V-10108). Notice the spall-fracture marking the tip of the tooth. White scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 6. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 6. CMM-V-10108, a second Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra (also shown in Figure 5) associated with the one shown in Figures 2-4. A. CT-scan image towards the anterior end of the vertebra. B. CT-scan image at about the midpoint in the length of the vertebra showing the thickness of the periosteal reactive bone.
FIGURE 8 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 8. One possible way in which the shear-compression fracture occurred in CMM-V-10108. The posterior vertebral column was severely hyperflexed to such a degree that at least one of its vertebrae experienced a shear-compression fracture, and the periosteum was pulled away from most of the sides of both vertebrae. Artwork by Clarence (Shoe) Schumaker (CMM).
FIGURE 5. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 5. CMM-V-10108, a second Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra (CT-scans shown in Figure 6) associated with the one shown in Figures 2-4. A. Posterior view showing that the neural spine is incomplete and that the sides of the centrum are covered with periosteal reactive bone. B. ventral view to highlight the periosteal reactive bone. In B, the anterior end of the centrum is up.
FIGURE. 1 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE. 1. The site along Calvert Cliffs where the two pathological cetacean vertebrae (CMM-V-10108) and associated Otodus megalodon tooth (CMM-V-8522) were found in situ in Shattuck-Zone 12. Looking north along the cliffs at Warrior's Rest. Photo by M. Ellwood.
FIGURE 4. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 4. CMM-V-10108, a single CT-scan image in the sagittal plane of a Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra in left lateral view showing the broken lower portion of the centrum, the displaced piece of bone, and the new bone growth (periosteal reactive bone ventrally).
Distribution. Natural distribution now restricted to West and East Franklin Is, Nuyts Archipelago, South Australia. From 1990, successful introductions (assisted colonization) from there to Salutation I, W Western Australia, and to Reevesby I and Saint Peter I, South Australia; also reintroduced to predator-exclosures at Mt Gibson Sanctuary, Western Australia, Arid Recovery Reserve, Roxby Downs, South Australia, and Scotia Sanctuary, New South Wales. Attempted reintroduction to Faure I, Western Australia, failed. in Muridae
Distribution. Natural distribution now restricted to West and East Franklin Is, Nuyts Archipelago, South Australia. From 1990, successful introductions (assisted colonization) from there to Salutation I, W Western Australia, and to Reevesby I and Saint Peter I, South Australia; also reintroduced to predator-exclosures at Mt Gibson Sanctuary, Western Australia, Arid Recovery Reserve, Roxby Downs, South Australia, and Scotia Sanctuary, New South Wales. Attempted reintroduction to Faure I, Western Australia, failed.
Experimental reduction of a primary nest predator fails to decrease nest predation rates of sagebrush songbirds
<p>Predator removal comprises one management strategy to increase the reproductive success of a prey species of concern, particularly within human-altered landscapes. The efficacy of such an approach, however, depends partly on the extent to which predation risk is additive or compensatory, which remains unknown for many systems. We experimentally reduced the local abundance of deer mice (<em>Peromyscus</em> <em>maniculatus</em>), a primary nest predator of three sagebrush-obligate songbirds (Brewer's Sparrow [<em>Spizella</em> <em>breweri</em>], Sagebrush Sparrow [<em>Artemisiospiza</em> <em>nevadensis</em>], and Sage Thrasher [<em>Oreoscoptus</em> <em>montanus</em>]) during May ̶ August 2019 in western Wyoming, USA to assess whether nest predation risk was additive or compensatory and whether nest predator removal could comprise a potentially effective management tool. Deer mouse removal did not affect the daily nest survival of songbirds between experimental and control plots, despite a reduction of 68 ̶ 85% in deer mouse abundance within treatment areas. Nest predation in this system therefore likely operated in a compensatory way, in which deer mice that escaped removal, new immigrants, or other species of nest predator maintained similar levels of nest predation risk regardless of the prevalence of a primary predator. We caution that predator removal may not be an effective management tool in systems that lack barriers to predator immigration or have several alternative species of predators, even when a single species typically is responsible for the majority of predation events. </p>
Predator size structure fails to alter nonconsumptive effects in streams
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Experimental reduction of a primary nest predator fails to decrease nest predation rates of sagebrush songbirds
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Data from: Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
1. How predation events experienced by preys can shape phenotypic traits through the ontogenetic development of the interacting species should be a key issue in Evolutionary and Conservation Biology. 2. Locomotor performance plays a fundamental role on the fitness of many animals, mainly because it enhances ability to fleeing from predators. Predators represent indeed a capital selective force on prey, mainly because they end prey life. However, predators may also damage prey by other means, such as injuries caused by failed attacks. This damage can severely affect locomotion, among several other aspects of prey fitness. In the case of anuran tadpoles, failed predator attacks often result in injured tails, which reduces swimming performance. However, little is known about lasting effects of those failed attacks on fleeing capabilities after metamorphosis. 3. In this work, we clipped 55% tail length of pre-tail-resorption stage anaesthetized larval Pelobates cultripes toads, and compared metamorph hindlimb length and jump distance with metamorphs resulting from anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized non-clipped controls. Previous findings showed that this treatment produced metamorphs with reduced body condition. 4. Results herein suggest that partial tail loss in tadpoles diminishes jumping performance of resultant metamorphs. This effect is likely a consequence of tail-clipped tadpoles developing shorter hindlimbs as metamorphs, which is parallel to their reduced body condition. 5. Therefore, predator attacks in the tail may be less potentially mortal than those in the head and body, but have costs in terms of an efficient antipredatory response that persist in post-metamorphic stage. This effect might compromise metamorph ability to survive subsequent predator attacks.
Data from: Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
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