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10 results for “favourability function”
Overyielding in young tree communities does not support the stress-gradient hypothesis and is favoured by functional diversity and higher water availability
<p class="CxSpFirst"><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <ol> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Biodiversity effects on productivity and other ecosystem functions are strongly dependent on climate and resource availability. Based on the stress-gradient hypothesis, under conditions of greater abiotic stress, diversity effects on plant performance are intensified due to the increased relative importance of positive plant interactions. However, whether this hypothesis is consistently applicable in forest systems remains unclear. A field trial was established to test the stress-gradient hypothesis and examine diversity effects on aboveground biomass production of young trees in mixtures exposed to different water availability.</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Six native tree species of northern temperate forests (<i>Acer saccharum</i>,<i> Betula papyrifera</i>,<i> Larix laricina</i>,<i> Picea glauca, Pinus strobus</i>,<i> and Quercus rubra</i>) were planted as monocultures and as mixtures of two, four, and six species. For five growing seasons, four replicates of each community were exposed to conditions of either low- or high-water availability created by rainfall exclusion and weekly irrigation, respectively. Growth-years 4 and 5 were significantly different when the climatic water balance of the growing seasons were compared. We tested the effects of functional diversity on: (1) total growth of mixtures under low- and high-water availability, and (2) annual growth in years 4 (higher water availability, 2017) and 5 (lower water availability, 2018).</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Annual growth of most species in both years was greater under high- vs. low-water availability. Functional diversity had a significant positive effect on total biomass production and annual growth, and this effect was more strongly expressed under high-water availability. Functional diversity effects on annual growth did not differ between years 4 and 5 regardless of their climatic water balance. Functional and species identity were key to understanding productivity responses to mixture and treatment effects.</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle"> <i>Synthesis</i>: Contrary to the stress-gradient hypothesis, the positive effects of functional diversity on productivity were enhanced by high-water availability and were independent of seasonal water balance.</li> </ol>
Overyielding in young tree communities does not support the stress-gradient hypothesis and is favoured by functional diversity and higher water availability
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Data from: Respiratory syncytial virus co-opts host mitochondrial function to favour infectious virus production
Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for more human deaths each year than influenza, its pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here high-resolution quantitative imaging, bioenergetics measurements and mitochondrial membrane potential- and redox-sensitive dyes are used to define RSV's impact on host mitochondria for the first time, delineating RSV-induced microtubule/dynein-dependent mitochondrial perinuclear clustering, and translocation towards the microtubule-organizing centre. These changes are concomitant with impaired mitochondrial respiration, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Strikingly, agents that target microtubule integrity the dynein motor protein, or inhibit mitochondrial ROS production strongly suppresses RSV virus production, including in a mouse model with concomitantly reduced virus-induced lung inflammation. The results establish RSV's unique ability to co-opt host cell mitochondria to facilitate viral infection, revealing the RSV-mitochondrial interface for the first time as a viable target for therapeutic intervention.
Data from: Lack of evidence for selection favouring MHC haplotypes that combine high functional diversity
High rates of gene duplication and the highest levels of functional allelic diversity in vertebrate genomes are the main hallmarks of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a multigene family with a primordial role in pathogen recognition. The usual tight linkage among MHC gene duplicates may provide an opportunity for the evolution of haplotypes that associate functionally divergent alleles and thus grant the transmission of optimal levels of diversity to coming generations. Even though such associations may be a crucial component of disease resistance, this hypothesis has been given little attention in wild populations. Here, we leveraged pedigree data from a barn owl (Tyto alba) population to characterize MHC haplotype structure across two MHC class I (MHC-I) and two MHC class IIB (MHC-IIB) duplicates, in order to test the hypothesis that haplotypes' genetic diversity is higher than expected from randomly associated alleles. After showing that MHC loci are tightly linked within classes, we found limited evidence for shifts towards MHC haplotypes combining high diversity. Neither amino acid nor functional within-haplotype diversity were significantly higher than in random sets of haplotypes, regardless of MHC class. Our results therefore provide no evidence for selection towards high-diversity MHC haplotypes in barn owls. Rather, high rates of convergent evolution may constrain the evolution of high-diversity haplotypes at MHC-I, while, in contrast, for MHC-IIB, fixed differences among loci may provide barn owls with already optimized functional diversity. This suggests that at the MHC-I and MHC-IIB, respectively, different evolutionary dynamics may govern the evolution of within-haplotype diversity.
m6A modification inhibits miRNA intracellular function favouring their extracellular export and the cell-to-cell communication
<p>Epitranscriptomics represents a new layer of gene expression regulation. Specifically, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates RNA maturation, stability, degradation, and translation. Regarding miRNAs, while it has been reported that m6A impact their biogenesis, no evidence is yet provided on their function. Here we show that m6A modification on specific miRNAs weakens their coupling to AGO2, impairs their function on target mRNAs, determines their delivery into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and provides functional information to receiving cells. Mechanistically, the intracellular functional impairment is caused by m6A-mediated inhibition of AGO2/miRNA interaction, the EV-loading is favoured by m6A-mediated recognition by the RBP hnRNPA2B1, the EV-miRNAs function in the receiving cell requires their FTO-mediated demethylation. Consequently, cells express specific miRNAs that do not impact endogenous transcripts but provide regulatory information for cell-to-cell communication. This highlights that a further level of complexity should be considered when relating cellular dynamics to specific miRNAs.</p>
Data from: Respiratory syncytial virus co-opts host mitochondrial function to favour infectious virus production
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Data from: Lack of evidence for selection favouring MHC haplotypes that combine high functional diversity
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Alteration of ribosome function upon 5-fluorouracil treatment favours cancer cell drug-tolerance
GEO Series GSE178839. Homo sapiens. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other.
Study data: Favourable HDL composition in endurance athletes is not associated with changes in HDL in vitro antioxidant and endothelial anti-inflammatory function.
<p>The complete study dataset associated with our paper describing HDL composition and function in the MFAT study:</p> <p>Jack David Beazer, Anne Sillars, Sally Beck, Christina Christoffersen, Maria J. Ferraz, Monique T. Mulder, Delyth Graham, Helen Karlsson, Stefan Ljunggren, Jason Gill, Dilys J. Freeman; Favourable HDL composition in endurance athletes is not associated with changes in HDL <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant and endothelial anti-inflammatory function. <em>Biosci Rep</em> 30 October 2024; 44 (10): BSR20241165. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20241165" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20241165</a></p> <p>Access is restricted until the publication of all related papers using this data, at which point the record will be made public. </p>
Human Multi-Regional Gastric Assembloids Favour Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Functional Parietal Maturation [paediatric patients]
GEO Series GSE280843. Homo sapiens. 54 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.